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5. GAMEY Module 5 Entrepreneurship - reviewed

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Transcript

Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Project No.: 2024-1-PL01-KA220-YOU-000251498

GAMEY Project: Gamified Approach to Money Education for Youth

MODULE 5: Entrepreneurship & Business Fundamentals

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Contents

  • Introduction
  • What will you learn
  • What is entrepreneurship?
  • Basic business planning
  • Business financial basics
  • Risk and problem-solving
  • Wrap-up
  • Glossary
  • References

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Module goals

The module introduces the learners to the world of entrepreneurship. Using the story of Rob starting a business, learners explore how a simple idea can be transformed into a real plan through creativity, critical thinking, and strategic financial decisions. The module is designed to build not only knowledge of what entrepreneurship is, but also the confidence and skills to take initiative, solve problems and collaborate with others.

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What will you learn?

Knowledge:

  • Define key concepts related to entrepreneurship and business planning(entrepreneur, business model, revenue streams, market analysis)
  • Recognize the characteristics and mindset of successful entrepreneurs
  • Outline the core components of a simple business plan(objectives, resources, marketing, financing)

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What will you learn?

Attitudes:Going through this module will help the learners to:

  • Develop confidence in entrepreneurial thinking.
  • Appreciate the value of teamwork and planning in launching a business.
  • Foster curiosity and willingness to take calculated financial risks.

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What will you learn?

Skills:

  • Identify the essential steps in developing a business idea and turning it into a plan
  • Apply problem-solving in realistic business scenarios(financial and strategic decisions)
  • Evaluate risks and opportunities when launching a small-scale business through simulation

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Warm-Up: “Imagine if…”

01:00

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What is entrepreneurship?

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What is entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship is the process of turning ideas into action. It means noticing a problem or opportunity, coming up with a creative solution, and building something that helps others — like a product, service, or small business. Entrepreneurs are people who take initiative, plan carefully, and are willing to take some risks to make their ideas real.

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Types of entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship isn't one-size-fits-all. People start businesses for different reasons — some want to earn money, some want to help others, and some want to create something original. Let's explore four types of entrepreneurs you might relate to.

Key features:• Their goal is to create positive impact (not just money)• Often work with local communities or NGOs• May reinvest profits into their missionExamples:A café that donates meals to those in need; A brand using recycled materials for packaging; Workshops for teaching digital skills to young people.

Key features:• Focus on innovation and problem-solving• Often need coding, software, or design skills• Usually start with a prototype or idea they test onlineExamples:Developing a school homework planner app; Launching a secondhand marketplace website; Creating a tool to help language learners

Key features:• Their product is often their art or skill• Use digital platforms to promote or sell their work• Can work freelance or build full creative businessesExamples:Designing graphics or websites; Making videos, music, or art commissions; Running a YouTube channel or podcast.

Key features:• Usually start with their own savings or small investments• Focus on providing good products or services to loyal customers• Often work directly in the business themselvesExamples:Opening a bakery or coffee shop; Selling handmade clothes or accessories; Starting a tutoring service

Creative entrepreneurs

Small business entrepreneurs

Social entrepreneurs

Tech entrepreneurs

They use technology to create digital solutions - like apps, platforms, or tools that can grow quickly and reach many people.

They use their talents - like music, design, photography, or content creation - to start a business or build a brand.

They run local businesses like cafés, shops, or services that meet everyday needs in their communities.

They build businesses that solve social or environmental problems - combining purpose with profit.

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Traits of a successful entrepreneur

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What is entrepreneurship?

Let's recall what we have learned so far about successful entrepreneurs.

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What is entrepreneurship?

Let's recall what we have learned so far about successful entrepreneurs.

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From idea to plan

You don’t need to have everything figured out to start a business. Every successful business begins with a simple idea. What really matters is how you grow that idea. Here are the four clear steps you can follow that can turn a cool thought into a working plan.

Make a simple business model

Do your research

Spot a problem or opportunity

Create a product or service

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Now let's practice the process of developing a business idea.Try to find which description corresponds to which headline.

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Now let's practice the process of developing a business idea.Try to find which description corresponds to which headline.

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Basic business planning

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What is a business plan?

A business plan is like a roadmap for your idea. It shows where you want to go and how you’ll get there. Whether it’s for getting support, staying organized, or thinking things through, a business plan helps bring your idea to life in a smart way.

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Business plan elements

Now we’ll explore the five key sections that make up a basic business plan using Rob’s idea to open a food truck. You’ll help him plan key parts of his food truck business, just like a real entrepreneur would. By the end, you’ll understand what goes into a business plan and how each piece fits together.

Executive summary The business in a nutshell

Target market (Who will buy it?)

Value proposition (What makes it special?)

Revenue streams (How will you earn money?)

Cost structure (What will it cost?)

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The core elements of a business plan

Executive summary
Target market

This is your business intro. It explains your idea in a few sentences:• What are you offering?• What problem does it solve?• Why is it a good idea?Think of it like a short pitch that makes people want to learn more.

Who are your customers? Be specific:• Age, interests, location• What are their habits or needs?Knowing your audience helps you serve them better.

💡Rob's example
💡Rob's example

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The core elements of a business plan

Value proposition
Revenue streams

Your Value Proposition is what makes your business different and better than others. This is the reason people would choose you over someone else. Focus on the benefit for the customer.

Revenue Streams describe where your money will come from. Will you sell products, charge for services, or offer subscriptions? What will you sell? Any other income sources?

💡Rob's example
💡Rob's example

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The core elements of a business plan

Cost structure

The Cost Structure explains what you’ll need to spend money on to run the business. These include both start-up and ongoing costs. What are your key costs? Think about:• One-time costs – equipment, licenses, branding• Regular costs – ingredients, fuel, staff, packagingUnderstanding your costs helps you set the right prices and keep your business sustainable.

💡Rob's example

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Activity: Fill in Rob’s plan

Let's help Rob write his first business plan - choose the right terms from the word list to fill in each blank.

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Activity: Match description to plan section

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Activity: Match description to plan section

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Activity: Match description to plan section

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Business financial basics

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Understanding business financials

Before launching a business, it's essential to understand how money flows in and out. A business doesn't just need a great idea - it needs a clear plan for spending and earning money. Let’s explore four key financial areas every young entrepreneur like Rob must think about.

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Start up costs

These are the one-time expenses needed to launch the business, like buying equipment, legal registrations, logo or website design. In the case of Rob, they are one-time costs he will pay before he can open his food truck. They can include:• Buying the food truck or equipment (grill, fridge, blender)• Getting the right licenses or permits to operate legally• Designing a brand, logo, or getting a menu board printed Think of these as the setup costs to get Rob "on the road."

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Fixed costs

They are the regular, recurring costs that don’t change much month-to-month, like rent, staff salaries, insurance. For Rob, even if Rob doesn’t sell anything, the costs will be there and can include: • Truck parking or storage rent• Basic insurance• Potential part-time wages if he hires help These are the background costs that keep the business running.

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Variable costs

Costs that change depending on how much you sell or produce - ingredients, packaging, delivery fuel. In the case of Rob - the more customers, the more of these costs he will need.Examples include:• Fresh ingredients (fruit, yogurt, wraps)• Fuel for the truck• Packaging (cups, napkins, compostable containers)More sales = higher variable costs.

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Unexpected costs (Contingency)

They are the costs you don’t plan for, but still need to be ready for. They can vary a lot and in the case of Rob can be: broken equipment, slow sales week, weather damage, staff shortages. These types of costs help entrepreneurs build smarter budgets, set prices correctly, and avoid surprises that could threaten their business.

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Risk and problem-solving

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What can go wrong in a business?

Every entrepreneur, no matter how well-prepared, will face unexpected challenges. Learning how to anticipate, react to, and prepare for risks is an essential skill. Risks in small businesses can be internal (things the business can control) or external (things outside the business’ control).

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Common risks in a small business

Low sales

Unexpected costs

Weather or seasonal slumps

Strong competition

Equipment failure

Health/Emergency situations

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Flexible planning: Having more than one way to sell or deliver your product.

Insurance: Protects against financial loss (e.g., broken equipment).

Diversified offerings: Selling more than one product or service.

Common risk management strategies

Successful entrepreneurs prepare for risks before they happen - not just react when things go wrong.

Contingency plan: A “Plan B” if Plan A doesn’t work.

Emergency fund: Saving money for surprise costs.

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Help Rob solve a problem!You have to act as Rob’s business advisor and help him deal with common problems he might face running his food truck.

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Help Rob solve a problem!You have to act as Rob’s business advisor and help him deal with common problems he might face running his food truck.

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Help Rob solve a problem!You have to act as Rob’s business advisor and help him deal with common problems he might face running his food truck.

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Wrap-Up – What did we learn?

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What did we learn?

You’ve now explored what it means to be an entrepreneur and how a simple idea, like Rob’s food truck, can grow into a real business. Let’s take a moment to remember the most important things you’ve learned.

  • Entrepreneurship starts with an idea that solves a real-world problem.
  • There are different types of entrepreneurs — from artists to app creators to social changemakers.
  • A simple business plan includes clear steps: idea, market, product, finances.
  • Every business has costs and needs smart budgeting.
  • Risks are normal — and being ready helps you handle them.
  • Passion, planning, and persistence matter just as much as money!

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Personal reflection

What is one business idea you would love to launch, and why?How would you start?What would make your idea unique?What would be your first challenge?What skills do you think YOU already have that an entrepreneur needs?

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Glossary

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Glossary cards

Click or flip each card to assess your knowledge.

Turning ideas into action, creating something new like a product, service, or business that solves a problem or adds value for others.

A person who starts and runs a business. They take initiative, plan carefully, and are willing to take some risks to reach their goals.

A written roadmap that explains what your business will do, who it will serve, how it will make money, and what it will cost.

What makes your product or service special, the main reason why customers should choose you over others.

Value proposition

Business plan

Entrepreneur

Entrepreneurship

All the money your business spends to operate, for example, buying materials, paying rent, or advertising.

The specific group of people most likely to buy your product or service, based on their age, interests, or needs.

The money your business earns from selling products or services before any costs are subtracted.

Costs

Target market

Revenue

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Glossary cards

Click or flip each card to assess your knowledge.

The chance that something might go wrong (like low sales or unexpected costs) but also an opportunity to learn or improve.

What’s left after subtracting all costs from your revenue. It shows how much your business actually earns.

Coming up with new ideas or creative ways to improve existing products, services, or ways of working.

Collecting information about customers and competitors to understand what people need and how to reach them.

Market research

Innovation

Risk

Profit

Money or resources put into a business to help it grow, usually with the goal of earning a profit later.

Regular, ongoing expenses that stay mostly the same each month, such as rent, insurance, or salaries

A backup strategy that helps a business prepare for unexpected problems or risks.

Contingency plan

Fixed costs

Investment

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Resources

  • Barringer, B. R., & Ireland, R. D. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Successfully launching new ventures (5th ed.). Pearson.
  • Burns, P. (2016). Entrepreneurship and small business (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., & Shepherd, D. A. (2017). Entrepreneurship (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Kuratko, D. F. (2017). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  • Lussier, R. N., & Halabi, C. E. (2019). Business management: A global perspective (7th ed.). SAGE Publications.McKeever, M. (2017). How to write a business plan (12th ed.). Nolo.
  • Morris, M., Kuratko, D., & Schindehutte, M. (2012). Towards integration: Understanding entrepreneurship through frameworks. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(2), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211208927
  • Robinson, P., & Stubberud, H. A. (2019). Risk management in small businesses: A strategic approach. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(6), 865-880. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0114
  • Rogoff, E. G., & Heck, R. K. (2003). Evolving research in entrepreneurship, small business, and strategic management. Journal of Management, 29(3), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00012-9
  • Stokes, D., & Wilson, N. (2017). Small business management and entrepreneurship (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  • U.S. Small Business Administration. (n.d.). Write your business plan. Retrieved July 28, 2025, from https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/plan-your-business/write-your-business-plan

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Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Project No.: 2024-1-PL01-KA220-YOU-000251498

Thank you!

Start

💡Rob’s example:

Rob will earn money mainly by selling smoothies, wraps, salads, and drinks directly from the food truck. To increase income, he’ll create meal combo deals and loyalty cards for returning customers. He’s also exploring partnerships with local gyms and universities, offering discounts or catering for campus events. This mix of direct sales and partnerships helps FreshBite earn steady income all year round.

💡Rob’s example:

To launch FreshBite, Rob first needs to invest in start-up costs like buying and customizing his food truck, kitchen tools, and getting the necessary permits. He’ll also spend money on branding and marketing to make FreshBite visible to students, things like social media ads, a logo, and flyers.Once the business is running, Rob will have ongoing costs every month, such as fresh ingredients, fuel for the truck, eco-friendly packaging, and possible part-time help during busy hours. He plans to keep a small emergency fund for unexpected repairs or slow sales weeks.

💡Rob’s example:

Rob wants to launch a mobile food truck selling healthy snacks. To get support or funding, he needs a clear business plan to show how it will succeed. He would like to open a mobile snack truck selling affordable, healthy food to students near universities. “FreshBite” is a mobile food truck offering fast, healthy snacks (like smoothies, wraps, and fruit bowls) near university campuses.

💡Rob’s example:

FreshBite stands out because it combines speed, quality, and health in one place. Unlike typical fast-food options, everything is made from fresh, local ingredients, and customers can see their food being prepared. Rob also plans to use eco-friendly packaging and offer student discounts. This makes FreshBite a smart, sustainable, and wallet-friendly choice for people on the go.

💡Rob’s example:

Rob’s main customers are students and young professionals aged 18–30 who spend long days studying or working. They often skip meals or grab fast food because it’s quick, but they want something healthier. Most of them live or study near city centers, where prices are high. FreshBite fills this gap by giving them an affordable, fast, and nutritious option that fits their busy lifestyle.