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1. Basic rules of the game (singles, doubles)

Robert Dudas

Created on November 25, 2025

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Active seniros and beyond: bridging generations through ping PONG for digital literacy and active aging - OLDPONG

Project title:

"Founded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or EACEA. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them."

Coordinator: - GRADSKI STOLNOTENISKI KLUB ZAGRB (GSTK-ZAGREB) Partners: - STONOTENISKI KLUB STAK (STK "STAK") - STOLNO TENISKI KLUB VODOVOD OSIJEK (FASI) - DUDJECT KERESKEDELMI ÉS SZOLGÁLTATÓ KFT (DUI) - DOM ZA STARIJE OSOBE TRNJE (STARI)

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Project: 101185030 - OLDPONG - ERASMUS-SPORT-2024

Top reasons why to play table tennis

Personal styles:Every player develops their own unique style for the game. supported by equipment the opens up new and unusual shot types. Learn the basics then decide what kind of playeer you want to be!

Play at your pace:Not everybody wants to be world champions. Table tennis is just as fun played casually in a bar with a drink, as it is investing every ounce of effort at tournament.

Open to everyone: Table tennis is not a stuffy, clique-filled sport with tons of requirements before you can play. Pick up a paddle and hit the ball. Go and play wherever there's a spare table, we're a welcoming bunch.

Making friends:Speaking of being a welcoming bunch, I'll guarantee a warm welcome to every table tennis club in the world. It's a perfect place to meet new people and make new friends for life.

Health benefits:Whilst it may look like a chilled out sport, the reality is far different. Table tennis is all about fast, accurate, constant movements and applying your whole bofy into each shot.

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The basics of table tennis

This is the part of the paddle that you hold. It can come in a variety of different sizes and shapes that can affect your gampley.

The handle

The blade of a ping pong paddle is the main body of the bat and is constructed by using multiple layers of wood (and sometimes carbon).

The blade

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Sitting on top of the balde is a thin layer of sponge (typically between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm. As a beginner, you want to look for paddle with a thinner layer of sponge as this will give you more control over the ball.

Sponge layer

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Finally, sitting on top of the sponge is a layer of rubber which is what actually makes contact with the ball. There are a variety of different rubbers to suit different styles of play.

The rubber

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Table tennis table

The table tennis table is the playing surface for the game and is 2.74 meters long, 1.525 meters wide, and 76 cm high. It is usually made of wood or wood-like materials with a smooth, matte finish to ensure consistent bounce. The table is divided in half by a net 15.25 cm high, stretched across the middle. The surface is often dark green or blue, which helps players see the ball clearly. The table edges are marked with white lines, 2 cm wide, to define the boundaries and service areas. Tables can be indoor or outdoor, with outdoor tables made from weather-resistant materials to withstand moisture and sunlight. A good table ensures consistent bounce, stability, and proper alignment of the net. Proper maintenance, such as keeping the surface clean and dry, helps maintain optimal playing conditions and prolongs the table’s lifespan.

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Table tennis ball

The table tennis ball is a small, lightweight sphere essential to the game. Official balls are 40 mm in diameter and weigh 2.7 grams, usually made of celluloid or plastic and colored white or orange for visibility. The ball’s bounce and spin depend on its material and surface. Different spins like topspin, backspin, and sidespin affect its trajectory, making the game more strategic. Despite its simple design, small differences in the ball can greatly impact how the game is played.

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Basic rules

Serving doubles

Aim of the game

Doubles

Scoring

Serving

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Aim of the game:

Hit the ball over the net onto your opponent’s side. The ball should bounce once on the opponent’s side of the table. A point is won by you if your opponent is unable to return the ball or if they hit the ball before it bounces on their side of the table (unless the ball has already cleared the table).

Scoring:

  • Winner is the first to 11 points,
  • If the score is 10-10, them game continues until one of the players has gained a lead of 2 points,
  • Points are won irrespective of who has served,
  • Matches can the best of 3, 5 or 7 games – or any odd number you like!

Table tennis rubbers greatly affect spin, speed, and control. Smooth (inverted) rubbers generate high spin and are common in offensive play. Pimpled rubbers—short, medium, or long pimples—reduce or reverse spin and offer more control or tricky returns. Choosing the right rubber depends on your playing style and strategy.

Table tennis paddles come in different types to suit various playing styles. Offensive paddles are faster and designed for powerful, attacking shots, while defensive paddles offer better control and spin for precise returns. All-round paddles balance speed and control, making them ideal for beginners or versatile players. The sponge layer between the rubber and the blade also affects performance — a thicker sponge adds more speed and spin, while a thinner sponge gives better control and a softer touch. Choosing the right paddle depends on your skills and playing style.

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Flared handle: A flared handle widens at the end, giving extra grip and preventing the paddle from slipping out of the hand.Straight handle: A straight handle was an even thickness along its lenght, allowing easy grip changes during play. Anatomic handle: An anatomic handle is slightly curved to fit the natural shape of the palm for better comfort.Chinese penhold: A Chinese penhold handle is shorter and rounder, designed for holding tha paddle like a pen for close-to-the-table play.

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Serving in doubles:

  • Service must be diagonal, from the right half court (marked by a white line) to the opponent’s right half court,
  • Service changeover in doubles is as follows:
  • At the start of a game, the serving team will decide which player will serve first. The first player to serve is A1 and,
  • A1 serves to B1 (2 services), B1 then serves to A2 (2 services), A2 then serves to B2 (2 services), B2 serves to A1 (2 services),
  • At the end of game 1 and the start of game 2, team B will take the first serve; they can choose which of them will serve first.

B2

B1

A1

A2

Serving:

  • The ball must first bounce on your side and then on your opponent’s side of the table,
  • If the ball touches the net and goes over, it’s a ‘let’ – retake the serve,
  • If the ball hits the net and doesn’t go over, or flies off the table without bouncing on your opponents side, you lose the point,
  • There are no second serves,
  • The ball should rest freely on the open palm of the server, above the level of the table,
  • The ball should be projected vertically (at least 16cm),
  • In singles you can serve from anywhere and to anywhere on the table,
  • Change servers every 2 points,
  • If the score reaches 10-10 change server every point.

Table tennis paddles come in different types to match various playing styles. Offensive paddles are faster and designed for powerful, attacking shots, while defensive paddles offer better control and spin for precise returns. All-round paddles balance speed and control, making them ideal for beginners or versatile players. Choosing the right paddle depends on your skills and how you like to play the game.

Doubles:

  • In doubles, players should alternate hitting the ball with their partner. So, for example,
  • A1 serves the ball to B1,
  • B1 plays to A2,
  • A2 plays to B2,
  • B2 plays to A1,
  • then this is repeated,
  • A1 plays to B1 ….and so on.

B2

B1

A1

A2