Infografia Fisiologia Nerviosa y Sinapsis

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fISIOLOGIA nERVIOSA Y sINAPSIS

ION;Particulas de cargas electrica.Canal Ionico;;Una proteina de membrana que transporta iones y otras moleculas a travez de las membranas por difusion pasiva o facilitada, uso de energia. Polaridad;La capacidad de un cuerpo de tener dos polos con caracteristicas distintas. Impulso nervioso;El transporte de informacion a travez de los nervios y en medio de sustancias como sodio, potasio y su interacion de membrana.

Potencial de Reposo;donde no se transmiten impulsos por las neuronas.Potencial de Accion;Es la transmision de impulso a travea de las reuronas cambiando las concentracciones intracelulares y extrancelulares de los Iones. Potencial de Membrana;Es el voltaje que dan las mambranas las concentraciones de los Iones en ambos lados.

La membrana atrapa dentro de la célula moléculas orgánicas grandes con carga negativa, Y permite sólo difusión limitada de iones inorgánicos con carga positiva. Da por resultado una distribución desigual de estos iones a través de la membrana. Las neuronas y células musculares tienen la capacidad de producir y conducir estos cambios de potencial de membrana. Esta capacidad se denomina: ◦ Excitabilidad o irritabilidad

La Bomba de Sodio-Potasio corresponde a un tipo de transporte activo, porque va en contra de una gradiente de concentración, por lo tanto requiere energía (ATP) para su funcionamiento. Un potencial de acción o también llamado impulso eléctrico, es una onda de descarga eléctrica que viaja a lo largo de la membrana celular modificando su distribución de carga eléctrica. La sinapsis o articulación interneuronal corresponde a las estructuras que permiten el paso del impulso nervioso desde una célula nerviosa a otra. La sinapsis es la comunicación funcional entre las neuronas y en una sola direccion. Existen dos tipos de sinapsis, eléctricas y químicas que difieren en su estructura y en la forma en que transmiten el impulso nervioso.

Cuando una neurona está en reposo presenta una diferencia de carga eléctrica entre el interior y el exterior de la célula nerviosa

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