HIV and AIDS Timeline

HIV and AIDS Timeline 1980s

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1983

1982

1985

1986

1981

1987

1989

1988

HIV and AIDS Timeline

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1998

1994

1996

1992

1990

1991

1993

1997

1999

1995

HIV and AIDS Timeline

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2006

2003

2004

2002

2000

2007

2008

2011

2012

2010

HIV and AIDS Timeline

Citations

2015

2017

2021

2023

2019

2016

2022

2024

October 1986

• The US surgeon general, C. Everett Koop, released a statement about AIDS and stated how it is strictly spread through sexual contact, so they emphasized sex education and condom usage
• By the end of the year in 1986, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded that there were about 24,500 cases of AIDS in the US

1983: May

• Found a new virus which French researchers at the PASTEUR Institute believed had caused AIDS
• That's when AIDS was named later to HIV
• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• On September 26, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Combivir, a combination of two antiretroviral drugs in one tablet, which makes it easier for people living with HIV to take their medications
• Combivir was the first FDA-approved fixed-dose combination for HIV treatment, containing zidovudine and lamivudine, and its introduction significantly improved adherence by reducing the pill burden for patients.

• This practice, known as Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, involves giving the mother antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and also giving ART to the baby for a short time after birth.
• Scientists discovered that giving HIV medicine to pregnant women could help stop the virus from passing to their babies.

• November 21, 2013- President Obama signs the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act (HOPE), allowing those who have HIV to recieve organs from donors who have HIV.
• For years those living with HIV were prevented from receiving and donating organs. This created a barrier to those in need and contributed to the stigmas that surrounded HIV/AIDS. The HOPE Act developed a pathway for those living with HIV who are in need of a transplant and allowed for further research in hopes of increasing quality of life.

• On November 7th, Magic Johnson, who is known as a famous basketball player, announced that he was positive for HIV. His announcement that he got it shocked lots of his fans, but at the same time, it also helped reduce some stigma because he showed that basically anyone can have it.

• On July 19, President Clinton announces the formation of the “Leadership and Investment in Fighting an Epidemic” (LIFE) Initiative, which will provide funding to address the global HIV epidemic.

• The LIFE Initiative was a $100 million increase in U.S. funding, primarily targeting sub-Saharan African countries and India, to support HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs in the regions most severely affected by the pandemic.

• Some hospitals and clinics started to improve treatment, but at the same time, many people still faced discrimination for having AIDS and HIV. The numbers for it continue to rise worldwide.

HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act is Now Law. (2015, August 12). whitehouse.gov. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2013/11/21/hiv-organ-policy-equity-hope-act-now-law​​Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic --- United States, 2003. (2003, April 18). https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5215a1.htm De Cock, K. M., Jaffe, H. W., & Curran, J. W. (2021). Reflections on 40 years of AIDS. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(6), 1553–1560. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2706.210284 Ginossar, T., Oetzel, J., Van Meter, L., Gans, A. A., & Gallant, J. E. (2019, September 1). The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program after the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Full Implementation: A Critical review of predictions, evidence, and future directions. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6892620/ President Obama’s national HIV/AIDS strategy. (n.d.). [Video]. HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline#year-2003

• March 2012- The United States Department of Health recommends treatment for all adults and adolescents who have HIV despite thier CD4 count.
• July 16, 2012- The FDA approved the use of Truvada (PrEP), an HIV prophylaxis for those who do not have HIV.

Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic --- United States, 2003. (2003, April 18). https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5215a1.htmDe Cock, K. M., Jaffe, H. W., & Curran, J. W. (2021). Reflections on 40 years of AIDS. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(6), 1553–1560. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2706.210284 Ginossar, T., Oetzel, J., Van Meter, L., Gans, A. A., & Gallant, J. E. (2019, September 1). The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program after the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Full Implementation: A Critical review of predictions, evidence, and future directions. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6892620/ President Obama’s national HIV/AIDS strategy. (n.d.). [Video]. HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline#year-2003

• Under the Ryan White CARE Act, the government made a program to help people with HIV and AIDS to get support and medical care.

• The Act is named after Ryan White, an Indiana teenager whose public struggle with HIV/AIDS and against AIDS-related discrimination helped educate the nation.

• On June 27th, the National Association of People with HIV, known as NAPWA, launches its first National HIV Testing Day.
• The core message of National HIV Testing Day, which is still observed annually, is to encourage people to "Take the Test, Take Control" by learning their HIV status.

• HAART is a combination of at least three different antiretroviral drugs that target different stages of the HIV life cycle, which makes the therapy highly effective at suppressing the virus to undetectable levels and preventing drug resistance.
• HAART, which is Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy was introduced, and it became a game-changer in HIV treatment by helping people live much longer and healthier lives.

1981 June 5th:

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had reported very rare cases of pneumonia, five of them, in the majority of the population that were gay men in Los Angeles
• Pneumocystis Carinii
• At the time, it was an unknown disease and spread quickly; it was known as AIDS
• Hospitals would refuse treatment to infected patients due to the limited information and non support against the LGBTQ+ community

1982 September

• The term AIDS is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• Cases at this time are being reported to affect other groups, such as women, individuals taking drugs, etc
• CDC is giving misinformation and also moral judgment, which created more chaos, fear, and discrimination

• January 28, 2003- President George W. Bush enacts the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), a 15 million dollar, 5-year plan to help combat AIDS.
• Febuary 24, 2003- The first HIV vaccine trial produced by VaxGen was unsuccessul.
• April 18, 2003- The CDC announced a new preventative program called Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic. This initiative provides quality care, increases access, and prevenitive care to those living with HIV and those as risk.

• January 27, 2000- President Clinton announced the Millennium Vaccine Initiative, contributing $50 million to aid in combating HIV, TB, and malaria.
• April 30, 2000- President Clinton declared HIV/AIDS is a threat to the United States.
• August 19, 2000- The Global AIDS and TB Relief Act was enacted.

• The FDA approved a female condom. The female condom has been recognized as a woman-controlled method for preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

• September 22, 2006- The CDC recommends routine HIV testing yearly for those at high risk, ages 13-54.

Early 1987

• Activist groups made (ACT UP: AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), which was formed in NYC, where they protested against the government neglect and also demanded faster approvals for drugs and being more anti-discrimination
• FDA approves AZT (Zidovudine), the first drug to treat HIV, very expensive

End of 1988

• On December 1st, they marked that as World AIDS Day, to raise awareness and honor those affected by AIDS/HIV
• Public educations start to develop campaigns to focus on preventing and containing AIDS/HIV, safe sex practices, etc

• March 25, 2004- The FDA approves the first oral fluid rapid HIV test for use in the United States.

1985 of July

• A famous individual, Rock Hudson, publicly revealed he had AIDS and died a month later, which caused the disease to bring global awareness
• The FDA had approved the very first HIV antibody test
• By mid 1985, the World Health Organization (WHO) considered AIDS as a global epidemic, not it being just limited to certain countries or groups.

Citation Page

De Cock, K. M., Jaffe, H. W., & Curran, J. W. (2021). Reflections on 40 years of AIDS. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(6), 1553-1560. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8153860/ Bekker, L.-G. (2023). The HIV epidemic 40 years on. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(12), 767-768. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37814111/ Zhou, J. (2023). Editorial: AIDS 40th Year. Frontiers in Microbiology, (Special Issue). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184684/full Bekker, L. G., et al. (2024). Strategic planning for the second era of the HIV epidemic. The Lancet Public Health, [advance online publication]. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(24)00051-3/fulltext Swinkels, H. M. (2024). HIV and AIDS. In R. D. Feigin (Ed.), StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534860/

• January 4, 2010- Under the President Obama administration, the HIV travel and immigration ban was officially lifted.
• March 23, 2010- President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act, which included protection for those with chronic illnesses such as HIV who have difficulty accessing affordable health care.

• July 2011- The CDC released a study that shows taking a daily dose of antiretroviral drugs (PrEP) can reduce HIV exposure in those who do not have HIV.

• July 30, 2008- PEPFAR was extended for 5 years and funded $48 billion toawrds AIDS relief

• November 2, 2002- The FDA approves the first rapid HIV test for use in the United States that provided 99.6% accuracy.
• November 26, 2002- UNAIDS reports HIV/AIDS is now the leading cause of death in Sub-Sahran Africa, and the fourth largest global killer.

• The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced it would invest $140 million in a new HIV-prevention tool. The CDC reported a drop in HIV/AIDS death rates among African Americans. Gilead Sciences announced a 10-year initiative to support organizations in the South to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Reference Page

President Obama’s national HIV/AIDS strategy. (n.d.). [Video]. HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline#year-2003 U.S. Department of Health & Human Service. “A Timeline of HIV and AIDS.” HIV.gov, 2022, www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids- timeline#year-1991.

• On November 12, the U.S. Congress enacts the Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund Act, honoring the Florida teenager who was infected with HIV through contaminated blood products. The Act authorizes payments to individuals with hemophilia and other blood-clotting disorders who were infected with HIV by unscreened blood-clotting agents between 1982 and 1987

The FDA approved the first long-acting injectable form of HIV treatment.

1989

• AIDS/HIV becomes one of the leading causes of death for men between the ages 25-44 in the US major cities
• The federal government gives funding for more AIDS/HIV research, education, and care in healthcare

In April 1989: Ryan White, who died from HIV due to contracting it through blood transfusion died at age of 18. His story brought major national attention to HIV and AIDS discrimination which helped inspired the Ryan White CARE Act, that provided federal support for people living with HIV/AIDS

• The CDC announced, over 565,000 people have died of HIV/AIDS in the United States since 1981.

Phase one of a preventive HIV vaccine trial began in the U.S. and South Africa..

Research announced that HIV was beginning to show resistance, as 1,500 people living with HIV failed to respond to the FDA-approved drug tenofovir. The NIH Office of AIDS and the National Institute of Mental Health hosted a meeting to address and reduce the stigma surrounding HIV

President Trump introduced the “Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America.” Researchers announced the second person had been cured of HIV

The Department of Defense updated its policies, stating that individuals with a positive HIV status can no longer be separated or discharged because of their status

The Biden administration removed key barriers for kidney and liver transplants for HIV-positive recipients.