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History of Jazz

Kathleen Malvar

Created on November 6, 2025

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Brief overview of the history of Jazz in America from its birth to the evolved form it is today.

History of Jazz

1950

1940

1930

1919

1880s

Early New Orleans jazz features collective improvisation, where nearly everyone plays and improvises together using simple harmonies and melodic embellishment. The music is learned by ear, not from written scores, and performers use expressive effects like slides, trills, vibrato, and mutes influenced by vocal traditions.

Where does it come from? Mississippi Delta (just like the blues) Musically, it comes from slave songs, spirituals, gospel, ragtime, and blues

By the late 1920s, jazz shifted from small-group collective improvisation to larger ensembles using written arrangements. This allowed for more complex music, directed by an arranger, while still leaving room for individual solo improvisation.

Our brain is biologically prepared to process visual content. Almost 50% of our brain is involved in processing visual stimuli.

Visual content is a transversal, universal language, like music. We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

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Big Band Sound

During the 1930s and early 1940s, jazz was dominated by big bands of about 15–18 musicians, expanding from the small 5–7 member Dixieland groups of the 1920s. This period saw a new generation of musicians, many formally trained or from military bands, blending readers and improvisers. Jazz also migrated geographically—from New Orleans to Chicago to New York, which became the center of the music industry with its recording companies, publishers, and broad musical activity.

dixieland Instruments

Each instrument has an assigned role (carry-over from the brass bands)

  • Trumpet/Cornet: melody
  • Clarinet: embellishes the melody
  • Tuba/String Bass: bass lines
  • Trombone: embellishes bass line, sometimes plays melody or afterbeats (adding to the rhythm, adds sound effects such as smears and slides
  • Piano and Banjo have the dual function of providing chordal (harmony) and rhythmic accompaniment
  • Drums (via military style drumming): keep a steady tempo, provide rhythmic accompaniment, and set up breaks via fills

Ragtime

Predessor of Jazz

Ragtime, the direct precursor to jazz, was a solo piano style combining a steady, march-like left-hand rhythm with syncopated (“ragged”) melodies in the right hand. It blended African musical traditions—complex rhythms and syncopation—with European elements such as the piano, written notation, and standard chord progressions. Developed mainly by African American musicians, ragtime became a significant source of cultural pride and artistic expression.