WELCOME TO RUTHERFORD FARMS
Where completing your daily chores takes hard work, grit, and a firm grasp of Chemistry.
LET'S start!
Chickens and their eggs
Collect chicken eggs for each correct answer
x0
x0
x0
x0
Start
Multiplying FeS2 by 4, and O2 by 11, gives 4 Fe, 8 S, and 22 O on the right side of the equation. Multiplying Fe2O3 by 2, and SO2 by 8, gives 4 Fe, 22 O, and 8 S on the right side, making the equation balanced.
EXPLANATION
question 1/4 - Chapter 7
The chickens won’t let you take a single egg until you bring balance to their coop...starting with this chemical equation.
Balance the equation:
FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3+ SO2
4 FeS2 + 11 O2 → 2 Fe2O3+ 8 SO2
Collect
2 FeS2 + 3 O2 → Fe2O3+ 2 SO2
2 FeS2 + 7 O2 → Fe2O3+ 4 SO2
CO₂ has a linear molecular geometry, which makes it nonpolar because the molecule is symmetrical and the bond dipoles cancel out. CCl₄ has a tetrahedral molecular geometry, which is also symmetrical, so its bond dipoles cancel and the molecule is nonpolar as well. PF₃, has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry. This shape is asymmetrical due to the lone pair on phosphorus, so the highly electronegative fluorine atoms create bond dipoles that do not cancel out. As a result, PF₃ has a net dipole moment and is polar.
EXPLANATION
question 2/4 - chapter 5
Before a hen lets you reach into her nest, she wants to know if you can spot which molecule has the strongest ‘pecking order,’ aka the polar one.
Which of the following is a polar molecule?
CO2
Collect
PF3
CCl4
Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) increases as you move across a period (more protons → stronger nuclear pull) and as you move up a group (less electron shielding). Thus, out of the four, Cl has the most protons and relatively little shielding. Next comes N, then Si, then Al with the lowest Zeff.
EXPLANATION
question 3/4 - chapter 3
These feisty birds lined up their favorite atoms, but they’re all out of order! Sort them by increasing effective nuclear charge to calm the flock.
Arrange the following by increasing effective nuclear charge, Zeff:
Al, N, Cl, Si
Al < Si < Cl < N
Al < Si < N < Cl
Collect
Cl < Si < Al < N
Convert each one to have the same units. In m/s: A. 3.89 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 250 m/s
EXPLANATION
question 4/4 - chapter 1
The hens saw three things zooming across the barnyard! Convert the units and decide which one was truly the fastest.
Which is the following speeds is the greatest?
A. 14 km/h B. 300 cm/s C. 1.5x10^4 m/min
Collect
Well done! Happy chickens :)
Cluck, Cluck...
continue
Cows and their milk
Milk the cows for each correct answer
x4
x0
Start
x0
x0
Higher charges have a higher melting point:
- NaF, KF, and KCl have +1:-1
- Na2O = +1:-2
- MgO and MgS have +2:-2
Between MgO and MgS, O is smaller so MgO has stronger attraction and the highest melting point. KCl will have the lowest boiling point because it has the lowest charges and also has the llow attraction because K and Cl are bigger than Na and F.
EXPLANATION
QUESTION 1/4 - chapter 4
These cows won’t budge until you figure out which compounds melt like butter in the sun and which stay solid as a fence post.
Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? Lowest?
NaF KF KCl Na2O MgS MgO
Highest- MgO Lowest- KCl
Highest- MgOLowest- Na2O
Milking
Highest- NaF Lowest- MgS
Single bonds: 3 Double bonds: 1 Lone pairs: 11 Single/Double NOT sigma and pi
EXPLANATION
QUESTION 2/4 - chapter 5
This cow won’t stand still until you sketch out POCl₃’s Lewis structure and count every single bond, double bond, and lone pair (accuracy keeps her calm).
The Lewis Structure of POCl3 has _ single bonds, _ double bonds, and _ lone pairs.
Milking
3, 0, 2
3, 1, 11
2, 1, 0
Sigma bonds: 2Pi Bonds: 2 Pi bonds have one pi bond and one sigma bond
EXPLANATION
question 3/4 - chapter 6
To get the milk flowing, the herd wants to know how many sigma bonds hold CO₂ together...just to prove you’ve got a strong grasp on strong bonds.
How many sigma bonds does CO2 have?
Milking
question 4/4 - chapter 2
The barn’s old X-ray machine (don't ask) flickers to life, and the cows challenge you to tally how many photons it fires off. They're impressed by precision.
Consider X-ray radiation with a frequency of 4.09 × 10 16 Hz. How many photons are contained in a 16.1 kJ burst of this radiation?
5.94 × 1020 photons
Milking
5.94×1020 protons
3.6x1023 photons
Well done! Happy cows :)
Mmoooo...
continue
Pigs and their food
Feed the pigs for each correct answer
x4
x4
x0
x0
Start
To solve this problem, use the paradigm relating moles to molarity. Start with 1.32 mol/L and multiply it by 0.75 L (the amount of solution) to find that there are 0.99 mol of Ca(NO3)2 in the solution. Since there are 2 NO3- ions in every molecule, multiply 0.99 mol by 2 to find the number of mol of NO3- ions in the solution. 0.99 x 2 = 1.98 mol
explanation
QUESTION 1/4 - chapter 8
Before the pigs let you near their feed buckets, they want you to count up the ions in this solution. No math, no mealtime!
A 750mL aqueous solution of Ca(NO3)2 has a molarity of 1.32M. How many moles of NO3- ions are in the solution?
0.99 mol
1.98 mol
Feed
0.75 mol
To find the standard formation reaction of a compound, identify the elements in the compound (Ca, S, and O) and write each element in its standard state. Ca and S both naturally occur as solids, and O is a diatomic element that occurs as a gas. Next, find how much of each element you need (1 Ca, 1 S, and 4 O), and write the final reaction. Ca(s) + S(s) + 2O2(g) → CaSO4(s)
explanation
QUESTION 2/4 - chapter 9
The pigs are curious chemists today. They’ll only eat once you show how this compound forms from its elemental ingredients.
What is the standard formation reaction for CaSO4(s)?
Ca(s) + S(s) + 2O2(g) → CaSO4(s)
Ca2+(s) + SO42-(g) → CaSO4(s)
Feed
Ca2+(s) + S2-(s) + 4O(g) → CaSO4(s)
Use the formula (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2 from the combined gas law to solve for the change in volume. P1 = 840mmHg (1.105 atm) P2 = 1.5 atm V1 = 2.6 L V2 = ? T1 = 15°C (288.15K) T2 = 25°C (298.15K) So V2 = (1.105*2.6*298.15)/(1.5*288.15)
explanation
QUESTION 3/4 - chapter 10
A pig just sat on the feed barrel and changed its pressure. Use the gas laws to figure out the new volume before it pops!
A gas has a volume of 2.6L at 840mmHg and 15°C. What will its volume be at 1.5 atm and 25°C?
3.19 L
Feed
2.63 L
1.98 L
For quantum numbers:
- n must be an integer greater than or equal to one
- L must be an integer between 0 and (n - 1)
- mL is an integer between -L to +L
- ms is -1/2 or +1/2
explanation
QUESTION 4/4 - chapter 2
The pigs dug up a list of quantum numbers in the mud. Some are nonsense, and they need you to sniff out which set is impossible.
Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is invalid? (n, l, ml, ms)
(4, 0, 1, +1/2)
Feed
(3, 2, -1, +1/2)
(4, 1, 1, -1/2)
Well done! happy pigs
OinK, oink...
continue
Sheep and their wool
Shearing sheep wool for each correct answer
x4
x4
Start
x4
x0
Phosphate is a polyatomic ion with a -3 charge.
Explanation
question 1/4 - chapter 4
These fluffy sheep refuse to be sheared until you prove your chemistry chops. Start by finding the charge of this polyatomic ion.
What charge does a phosphate ion (PO4x) have?
-3
+1
Shearing
-1
Molecular geometry includes electron pairs and bonds. ClO2- has two bonds and two lone pairs so its bent.
explanation
question 2/4
What is the molecular shape of ClO2- ?
Linear
Shearing
Tetrahedral
Bent
PV=nRT 1(V)=(.0250)(R)(272) --> 560 mL or 1 mol of gas is 22.4 L at STP so (.0250 mol)(22.4)
explanation
question 3/4
At STP, what is the volume of .0250 mol of oxygen gas produced from the decomposition of potassium chlorate?
560 mL
Shearing
.560 mL
56 L
Use mole fraction: Br: 1.58 Cl: 5.28 Total: 6.860 1.58/6.860= .238 atm
explanation
question 4/4
A gas mixture of 126.5g Br and 187g Cl exert a total pressure of 1.03 atm. What is the partial pressure exerted by Br?
238 atm
.238 atm
Shearing
.238 torr
Well done! Happy sheep
Beeeehehe...
continue
All right, daily chores done!
x4
x4
x4
x4
finish
CONGRATULATIONS!
start over?
It got dark and you haven't finished your daily chores!
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Dupre & Nickles Rough Draft - CH1010 Honors Project
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Transcript
WELCOME TO RUTHERFORD FARMS
Where completing your daily chores takes hard work, grit, and a firm grasp of Chemistry.
LET'S start!
Chickens and their eggs
Collect chicken eggs for each correct answer
x0
x0
x0
x0
Start
Multiplying FeS2 by 4, and O2 by 11, gives 4 Fe, 8 S, and 22 O on the right side of the equation. Multiplying Fe2O3 by 2, and SO2 by 8, gives 4 Fe, 22 O, and 8 S on the right side, making the equation balanced.
EXPLANATION
question 1/4 - Chapter 7
The chickens won’t let you take a single egg until you bring balance to their coop...starting with this chemical equation.
Balance the equation:
FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3+ SO2
4 FeS2 + 11 O2 → 2 Fe2O3+ 8 SO2
Collect
2 FeS2 + 3 O2 → Fe2O3+ 2 SO2
2 FeS2 + 7 O2 → Fe2O3+ 4 SO2
CO₂ has a linear molecular geometry, which makes it nonpolar because the molecule is symmetrical and the bond dipoles cancel out. CCl₄ has a tetrahedral molecular geometry, which is also symmetrical, so its bond dipoles cancel and the molecule is nonpolar as well. PF₃, has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry. This shape is asymmetrical due to the lone pair on phosphorus, so the highly electronegative fluorine atoms create bond dipoles that do not cancel out. As a result, PF₃ has a net dipole moment and is polar.
EXPLANATION
question 2/4 - chapter 5
Before a hen lets you reach into her nest, she wants to know if you can spot which molecule has the strongest ‘pecking order,’ aka the polar one.
Which of the following is a polar molecule?
CO2
Collect
PF3
CCl4
Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) increases as you move across a period (more protons → stronger nuclear pull) and as you move up a group (less electron shielding). Thus, out of the four, Cl has the most protons and relatively little shielding. Next comes N, then Si, then Al with the lowest Zeff.
EXPLANATION
question 3/4 - chapter 3
These feisty birds lined up their favorite atoms, but they’re all out of order! Sort them by increasing effective nuclear charge to calm the flock.
Arrange the following by increasing effective nuclear charge, Zeff:
Al, N, Cl, Si
Al < Si < Cl < N
Al < Si < N < Cl
Collect
Cl < Si < Al < N
Convert each one to have the same units. In m/s: A. 3.89 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 250 m/s
EXPLANATION
question 4/4 - chapter 1
The hens saw three things zooming across the barnyard! Convert the units and decide which one was truly the fastest.
Which is the following speeds is the greatest?
A. 14 km/h B. 300 cm/s C. 1.5x10^4 m/min
Collect
Well done! Happy chickens :)
Cluck, Cluck...
continue
Cows and their milk
Milk the cows for each correct answer
x4
x0
Start
x0
x0
Higher charges have a higher melting point:
- NaF, KF, and KCl have +1:-1
- Na2O = +1:-2
- MgO and MgS have +2:-2
Between MgO and MgS, O is smaller so MgO has stronger attraction and the highest melting point. KCl will have the lowest boiling point because it has the lowest charges and also has the llow attraction because K and Cl are bigger than Na and F.EXPLANATION
QUESTION 1/4 - chapter 4
These cows won’t budge until you figure out which compounds melt like butter in the sun and which stay solid as a fence post.
Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? Lowest?
NaF KF KCl Na2O MgS MgO
Highest- MgO Lowest- KCl
Highest- MgOLowest- Na2O
Milking
Highest- NaF Lowest- MgS
Single bonds: 3 Double bonds: 1 Lone pairs: 11 Single/Double NOT sigma and pi
EXPLANATION
QUESTION 2/4 - chapter 5
This cow won’t stand still until you sketch out POCl₃’s Lewis structure and count every single bond, double bond, and lone pair (accuracy keeps her calm).
The Lewis Structure of POCl3 has _ single bonds, _ double bonds, and _ lone pairs.
Milking
3, 0, 2
3, 1, 11
2, 1, 0
Sigma bonds: 2Pi Bonds: 2 Pi bonds have one pi bond and one sigma bond
EXPLANATION
question 3/4 - chapter 6
To get the milk flowing, the herd wants to know how many sigma bonds hold CO₂ together...just to prove you’ve got a strong grasp on strong bonds.
How many sigma bonds does CO2 have?
Milking
question 4/4 - chapter 2
The barn’s old X-ray machine (don't ask) flickers to life, and the cows challenge you to tally how many photons it fires off. They're impressed by precision.
Consider X-ray radiation with a frequency of 4.09 × 10 16 Hz. How many photons are contained in a 16.1 kJ burst of this radiation?
5.94 × 1020 photons
Milking
5.94×1020 protons
3.6x1023 photons
Well done! Happy cows :)
Mmoooo...
continue
Pigs and their food
Feed the pigs for each correct answer
x4
x4
x0
x0
Start
To solve this problem, use the paradigm relating moles to molarity. Start with 1.32 mol/L and multiply it by 0.75 L (the amount of solution) to find that there are 0.99 mol of Ca(NO3)2 in the solution. Since there are 2 NO3- ions in every molecule, multiply 0.99 mol by 2 to find the number of mol of NO3- ions in the solution. 0.99 x 2 = 1.98 mol
explanation
QUESTION 1/4 - chapter 8
Before the pigs let you near their feed buckets, they want you to count up the ions in this solution. No math, no mealtime!
A 750mL aqueous solution of Ca(NO3)2 has a molarity of 1.32M. How many moles of NO3- ions are in the solution?
0.99 mol
1.98 mol
Feed
0.75 mol
To find the standard formation reaction of a compound, identify the elements in the compound (Ca, S, and O) and write each element in its standard state. Ca and S both naturally occur as solids, and O is a diatomic element that occurs as a gas. Next, find how much of each element you need (1 Ca, 1 S, and 4 O), and write the final reaction. Ca(s) + S(s) + 2O2(g) → CaSO4(s)
explanation
QUESTION 2/4 - chapter 9
The pigs are curious chemists today. They’ll only eat once you show how this compound forms from its elemental ingredients.
What is the standard formation reaction for CaSO4(s)?
Ca(s) + S(s) + 2O2(g) → CaSO4(s)
Ca2+(s) + SO42-(g) → CaSO4(s)
Feed
Ca2+(s) + S2-(s) + 4O(g) → CaSO4(s)
Use the formula (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2 from the combined gas law to solve for the change in volume. P1 = 840mmHg (1.105 atm) P2 = 1.5 atm V1 = 2.6 L V2 = ? T1 = 15°C (288.15K) T2 = 25°C (298.15K) So V2 = (1.105*2.6*298.15)/(1.5*288.15)
explanation
QUESTION 3/4 - chapter 10
A pig just sat on the feed barrel and changed its pressure. Use the gas laws to figure out the new volume before it pops!
A gas has a volume of 2.6L at 840mmHg and 15°C. What will its volume be at 1.5 atm and 25°C?
3.19 L
Feed
2.63 L
1.98 L
For quantum numbers:
explanation
QUESTION 4/4 - chapter 2
The pigs dug up a list of quantum numbers in the mud. Some are nonsense, and they need you to sniff out which set is impossible.
Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is invalid? (n, l, ml, ms)
(4, 0, 1, +1/2)
Feed
(3, 2, -1, +1/2)
(4, 1, 1, -1/2)
Well done! happy pigs
OinK, oink...
continue
Sheep and their wool
Shearing sheep wool for each correct answer
x4
x4
Start
x4
x0
Phosphate is a polyatomic ion with a -3 charge.
Explanation
question 1/4 - chapter 4
These fluffy sheep refuse to be sheared until you prove your chemistry chops. Start by finding the charge of this polyatomic ion.
What charge does a phosphate ion (PO4x) have?
-3
+1
Shearing
-1
Molecular geometry includes electron pairs and bonds. ClO2- has two bonds and two lone pairs so its bent.
explanation
question 2/4
What is the molecular shape of ClO2- ?
Linear
Shearing
Tetrahedral
Bent
PV=nRT 1(V)=(.0250)(R)(272) --> 560 mL or 1 mol of gas is 22.4 L at STP so (.0250 mol)(22.4)
explanation
question 3/4
At STP, what is the volume of .0250 mol of oxygen gas produced from the decomposition of potassium chlorate?
560 mL
Shearing
.560 mL
56 L
Use mole fraction: Br: 1.58 Cl: 5.28 Total: 6.860 1.58/6.860= .238 atm
explanation
question 4/4
A gas mixture of 126.5g Br and 187g Cl exert a total pressure of 1.03 atm. What is the partial pressure exerted by Br?
238 atm
.238 atm
Shearing
.238 torr
Well done! Happy sheep
Beeeehehe...
continue
All right, daily chores done!
x4
x4
x4
x4
finish
CONGRATULATIONS!
start over?
It got dark and you haven't finished your daily chores!
...
...
back