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How to transform Manaus - 07/nov/25

Jonas Gomes da Silva

Created on November 6, 2025

Presentation made in 2nd Symposium Amazon 2030 – Sustainability Issues in the World's Largest Rainforest Region

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2nd Symposium Amazon 2030

Sustainability Issues in the World's Largest Rainforest Region

How to transform Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas, into a SMART AND sustainable city

Jonas Gomes da Silva - UFAM jgsilva@ufam.edu.br Presentation avaliable here https://www.jgsilva.org/talks

University Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 6-7 November 2025

START

OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

GOALS

APROACH

MAIN RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Based on: da Silva, J.G. (2023). Guidelines for a Participatory Smart City Model to Address Amazon’s Urban Environmental Problems.

4 AMAZON AND MANAUS CONTEXT

3 SMART AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES

1 HUMAN CHALLENGES

5 RESEARCH GAP

2 GLOBAL INITIATIVES

HUMAN GLOBAL CHALLENGES - IPPC Report (2022) Risks (2021 - 2040; 2041 a 2100)

See level rise(Strauss et al., 2021)

Extreme Weather Events (Map with multiple authors)

More Infectious diseases (The Lancet, 2021)

Planet Stability and Resilience Nine Boundaries (Rockstrom et al., 2009)

Crossed 7 Boundaries (Rockstrom et al., 2023; ) Criticals: Climate Change (CC) and Biosphere Integrity (BI)

World Population Increase: (UN DESA, 2024) 2024=8.2 bi 2080=10.3 bi

Climate Change 171 years: 2500 bi ton CO2 Brasil = 113 Gt 4th higher emitor 86% bad use of land and forest (Evans, 2021)

The point of no return: 2035 A 2042 (Aengenheyster et al., 2018)

10 years to transform the future of humanity -- or destabilize the planet(Johan Rockström, 2020)

3) Paris Agreement, COP26

2) Smart Cities

1) Agenda GovTech

GLOBAL INITIATIVES

5) IDB Emerging and SCP

4) Global SC Partners and Programs

8) ITU-T Standards

7) United 4 SSC (UN)

6) Global Platform for SC

9) Plataform with Courses: WBG/OLC

10) OCDE Program on SC

13) Internacional Cooperation

11) ABNT Certifications

12) Amazônia 4.0

15) NetZero Climate Platform

14) UN Race to Zero

16) C40 Cities

18) NetZero Cities

17) Net Zero Tracker

19) The Earthshot Prize

CALL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Key Sectors Agriculture, Steel, Energy, Road Transport and Hydrogen 60% GEE Global emission (IEA, 2022)

SMART CITIES - SUSTAINABLE CITIES
THE SHORTEST DEFINITION OF SMART CITY A city that uses ICT to enhance its livability, workability, and sustainability. (Smart Cities Council, 2015)
SMART AND SUSTAINABLE CITY An innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, the efficiency of urban operations and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations concerning economic, social, and environmental aspects (ITU, 2019)
77 publications with title and abstract containing the term "Smart City Definition" da Silva JG. (2023 p. 21)
Popularity of Smart and Sustainable Cities in Publications
da Silva JG. (2023 p. 16)

EXAMPLE OF Smart Cities GOVERNMENTSEDEN STRATEGY INSTITUTE REPORT (2021)

AMAZON AND MANAUS CONTEXT

Manaus = 356 years Economy main moments Rubber Economy 1 (1879-1912) Ruber Economy 2 (1942-1945) Manaus Free Trade Zone (1957) Nowadays = 600 companies Brazil’s fifth-largest GDP (2021) (IBGE, 2023) Emits ~10% of Amazon State CO₂ (115 million tons 2000–2019).

Amazon State - North Size: 1,559,255.881 km² 6.4 x bigger than UK Urban area = 669.5 km² 62 cities 3,941,613 people Capital = Manaus 2,063,689 people 52% Am population

SWOT Analysis OF MANAUS-amazon

STRENGHTHS

WEAKNESSES

EXPORTATION Several fruits, fish, and natural oils with export potential: Açaí, Cupuaçu, Guaraná, etc.

ENVIRONMENTAL SYMBOL Capital of Amazon Biggest World Tropical Forest Wealth of resources

WEALTH is highly concentrated in Manaus (78,5% Am GDP), leaving other cities underdeveloped

LACK OF PLANNING There is no long-term government plan to adopt sustainable solutions

POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS:Local organizations FAPEAM, CBA EMBRAPA, INPA SOKA, UEA, UFAM

MANAUS FREE TRADE ZONE (MFTZ) 500 TO 600 COMPANIES Rev. US$ 35bI

A CITY OF WASTE Low recycle level (2.2%) High waste level, water, energy, food etc

SECURITY Manaus has high violence rates, particularly against youth and women.

RIVERS - TRANSPORT/FOOD RIVERS - 5000 BOATS FOOD > 2K FISHES/ 79K FISHERS

OLD BOATS - POLUTTION FEW R&D; High level of fish waste Research does not lead to innovation

CITY´S EXPERIENCE - EVENTS FIFA World Cup 2014, Feira do Polo Digital de Manaus, BID Sustainability week 2024 etc

LOW LEVEL OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

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EXPORT Support a local organization to create a network to export products Shared economic gains

SPARK GREEN INNOVATIONS Create a local organization with Earthshot philosophy for Education, R&D

SCALE SOLUTIONS IMPACTS in Amazon, Brazil Solar Energy, Green H2, Biogas AI, IoT, Smart Devices etc

STRONG LOBBY Politicians and their companies against renewable sources

EXPERIMENT Explore Culture, Bioeconomy, Ecotourism, Gastronomy etc Green business

DIFFICULT CULTURE CHANGE If initiatives do not engage citizens

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Ex.: Informal Settlements Expansion

INCREASE POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE

RIVERS - TRANSPORT/FOOD RIVERS - 5000 BOATS FOOD > 2000 FISHES SPECIES

TROPICAL FOREST IS PART OF THE ROADMAP Search in all Amazon region, enviromental solutions with the potential to repair our planet

RENEW BOAT FLEETS R & D; nautical industry; training Reduce Food, Energy , Water Waste

SAFETY RISKS, DEGRADATION Boats accidents, lost competition Decrease fish population

NOV.- HOT (24-33°C), beginning of rainy season Air pollution and smoking could happean in Manaus due to fires around the city

RESEARCH GAP The Missing Link: Citizen Participation No previous study in Manaus has focused on citizens' perceptions of Environmental Problems, Smart Cities, Decarbonization, and Disruptive Technologies. Data: The 2016 Smart City campaign secured the Mayor's re-election but soon ended.
MAIN GOAL Presents key findings from a study in Manaus proposing models to transform the city into a Smart and Sustainable City.
SPECIFIC GOALS 1️⃣ Diagnose the main urban and environmental challenges. 2️⃣ Identify the best Smart City models worldwide. 3️⃣ Evaluate Manaus City Hall’s Smart City project. 4️⃣ Survey citizens’ knowledge and interest. 5️⃣ Propose a Participatory Smart City Model.
A P P R O A C H

CRITERIA USED TO SELECT THE LEADING SMART and SUSTAINABLE CITIES

seven international ranking used

Rank1 - The Top 50 Smart Governments 2020/2021

Rank5 - IMD Smart City Index 2023

Rank2 - IESE Cities in Motion Index 2022

Rank6 - Global Smart City 2022

Rank7 - The Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index 2022

Rank3 - 2022 Smart Cities Index Report

Rank4 - Digital Cities Index 2022

MAIN RESULTS - QUESTIONNAIRE 1 - CITY HALL MANAGERS
Based on the documentation analysis and the official answer received The Smart City project was not implemented! No monitoring system, no citizen engagement! Nine years after the Mayor's promise (2016 - 2025) The Smart City of Manaus remains a political fallacy.
MAIN RESULTS - QUESTIONNAIRE 2 - CITIZENS PERCEPTION 1,242 respondents 655 (52.7%) females, 580 (46.7%) males, and seven (0.6%) do not disclose. 489 (39.4%) = superior education, 414 (33.3%) = high school 187 (15%) = specialization Lato Sensu, 79 (6.4%) = Master's Course, 54 (4.3%) = Doctor's Course, and 8 (0.6%) = fundamental education. 11 reported further levels.

How many times has the respondent been invited to participate in the development of a sustainable plan for the Amazon state or the city of Manaus since 1988?

Author article (da Silva JG. 2023)

The five biggest environmental problems in manaus that most bother the respondents. from 17 problems

Authors (da Silva and de Souza, 2019)
Author (da Silva JG. 2023)
MAIN RESULTS - 25 BEST SMART AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES (1st) Amsterdam (X = 7.6; S = 6.5), (2nd) Singapore (X = 8.6; S = 10.26) (3rd) New York (X = 8.8; 6.26), 4th) London (X = 8.8; S = 8.93) (5th) Helsinki (X = 10.5; S = 6.86), (6th) Seoul (X = 10.8; S = 8.35) (7th) Copenhagen (X = 12.2; S = 13.18), (8th) Oslo (X = 13.0; S = 12.49) (9th) Vienna (X = 16.5; S = 9.98), (10th) Washington (X = 16.67; S = 15.95) (11th) Zurich (X = 18.0; S = 18.71), (12th) Berlin (X = 19.4; S = 18.96) (13th) Sydney (X = 21.4; S = 11.04), (14th) Taipei (X = 21.5; S = 13.23) (15th) Barcelona (X = 21.6; S = 23.35), (16th) Toronto (X = 22.67; S = 12.58), (17th) Paris (X = 23.5; S = 25.96), (18th) Madrid (X = 24.0; S = 8.12), (19th) Busan (X = 24.33; S = 16.26), (20th) Dublin (X =25.5; S = 16.36), (21st) Melbourne (X = 25.7; S = 10.69), (22nd) LA (X = 27.7; S =10.86), (23rd) San Francisco (X = 27.5; S = 21.92), (24th) Hong Kong (X = 28.0; S = 12.12) (25th) Montreal (X = 30.0; S = 20.22).
R E S U L T P 5 M O D E L
R E S U L T V I S I O N
R E S U L T C E K I T
MAIN RESULTS - SSC EXCELLING IN CLEANING URBAN WATERS - UNDER CONSTRUCTION
MAIN RESULTS - SSC EXCELLING IN GARBAGE MANAGEMENT - UNDER CONSTRUCTION
MAIN RESULTS - SSC LEADING IN URBAN AFFORESTATION - UNDER CONSTRUCTION
MAIN RESULTS - SSC LEADING IN CLEAN AIR - UNDER CONSTRUCTION
MAIN RESULTS - SSC REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION - UNDER CONSTRUCTION
CONCLUSIONS 1️⃣ Climate change demands collective and coordinated actions. 2️⃣ Smart and Sustainable Cities can help mitigate its effects. 3️⃣ In Manaus, the Smart City Project failed to advance due to political fallacy. 4️⃣ City Hall must rebuild trust through citizen-led governance. 5️⃣ Applying the P5 Model and CE KIT will guide inclusive policies. 6️⃣ Priority actions: ensure clean water, manage garbage, expand urban trees, and reduce air pollution and traffic congestion. 7️⃣ Together, these steps can transform Manaus into a Smart and Sustainable Amazonian City.

MAIN REFERENCES (uNDER UPDATING)

da Silva JG. 2023. Guidelines for a participatory Smart City model to address Amazon’s urban environmental problems. PeerJ Computer Science 9:e1694 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1694
Fan S, Peng S, Liu X. 2021. Can Smart City policy facilitate the low-carbon economy in China? A Quasi-natural experiment based on Pilot City. Complexity 2021:1–15 DOI 10.1155/2021/9963404 IEA, IRENA and UN Climate Change High-Level Champions, (2022). Breakthrough Agenda Report 2022 – Analysis. [online] IEA, pp.1–183. Available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/breakthrough-agenda-report-2022 [Accessed 20 Apr. 2023]. ITU. 2019. ITU-T, smart sustainable cities. Itu.int. Available at https://bit.ly/3ZV27qN.
IPCC (2022) Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. IPCC. 27 February. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ (accessed 14 March 2022).

Net Zero Tracker. Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, Data-Driven EnviroLab, NewClimate Institute, Oxford Net Zero. 2023.

Persson, L., Carney Almroth, B.M., Collins, C.D., Cornell, S., de Wit, C.A., Diamond, M.L., Fantke, P., Hassellöv, M., MacLeod, M., Ryberg, M.W., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., Villarrubia-Gómez, P., Wang, Z. and Hauschild, M.Z. (2022). Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities. Environmental Science & Technology, 56(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04158.
Smart Cities Council. 2015. Smart cities readiness guide | Smart cities council. www.smartcitiescouncil.com. Available at http://bit.ly/3zQGaPg (accessed 5 October 2022).

THANK YOU VERY MUCH dr. jonas gomes DA SILVA JGSILVA@UFAM.EDU.BR JGSILVA.ORG