Conditionals Bach 2

Grammar. Unit 2

CONDITIONALS

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Zero Conditional

USAGE

General truth or fact

FORMATION

EXAMPLES

ZERO CONDITIONAL USAGE

" If you leave the toothpaste open, it gets dry"

You can't participate in the course unless you apply for it

"When the water boils, remove from heat"

FACTS

UNIVERSAL TRUTHS

INSTRUCTIONS

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ZERO CONDITIONAL formation

"if you don't wash your socks,

they smell bad"

Result clause: present simple modal+ base form

Conditional clause: present simple

you can't wear mine"

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ZERO CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES

• If you heat water to 100º, it boils
• You need to do exercise if you want to get fit [NO COMMA!]
• If you are looking down to your phone in the street, you don't see what happens around you

• You can't go out until your mother calls [NO COMMA!]
• When you are not respecful, people don't respect you.

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First Conditional

USAGE

Future possibility, advice or suggestion in the form of command

FORMATION

EXAMPLES

LISTEN

FIRST CONDITIONAL USAGE

"If it doesn't rain, we'll go on a camping trip"

"You can join us if you are free tonight"

"If you ride your bicicle, wear a helmet."

"Unless I get paid properly, I'm not going to do my job "

Suggestion

Advice in the form of command

Future possibility

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FIRST CONDITIONAL formation

"if SHE DOESN'T COOPERATE,

WE WON'T BE ABLE TO HELP HER"

Result clause: future (not only will)also modal+base form and imperative

Conditional clause: present (not only simple)

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FIRST CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES

• She is not going to buy the new model until the price has gone down a bit.
• I'll be ready as soon as I've finished my tea. [NO COMMA!]
• I'll finish when you stop annoying me. [NO COMMA!]
• I won't accept the job unless they offer me flexible hours. [NO COMMA!]

• If the photos are good, I'll send them to you.
• If you don't do the housework, you'll sleep in the balcony.
• If she doesn't get here soon, she will miss the concert.
• If I don't get paid properly, I'm not going to do my job

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Time clauses

• Time clauses are often used in Zero and First conditional sentences
• Time clauses replace If clauses
• Words and expressions: when, as soon as, the moment (that), until, before, after,

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Examples

* I'll phone you as soon as I get home. * When I finish my homework, I'll go to bed. * Before I leave home tomorrow, remind me to feed the dog. * We'll discuss the plans after he finishes his presentation tomorrow.

PRONUNCIATION OF CONTRACTIONS

I will= I'll

She will= she' ll

You will= You'll

He will= he'll

It will= it'll

We will= we'll

They will= they'll

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Second Conditional

USAGE

Unreal conditional: imaginary or hypothetical situations in the present and advice

FORMATION

EXAMPLES

LISTEN

SECOND CONDITIONAL USAGE

"If I was/ were an animal, I would be a lion"

"If we had a car seat, we could drive our baby niece home"

"If you earned lots of money, you could buy a mansion"

"If she was /were an animal, she would be a shark"

"If my best friend came, I might come too"

with other modals: could/might

imaginary, hypothetical situations

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SECOND CONDITIONAL formation

"if I won the lottery,

I would move to japan"

Result clause: would/could/might

Conditional clause: past (simple/continuous)

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SECOND CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES

• If it were August, I'd go to the beach
• If he were a better person, everyone would treat him differently
• If you did your homework, you'd understand everything much better

• I'd travel abroad more often if I were you [NO COMMA!]
• If I had all the money in the world, I'd donate it to science
• Everyone could do it if it weren't so difficult [NO COMMA!]
• If it weren't raining, I might go to the beach.

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PRONUNCIATION OF CONTRACTIONS

She would= She'd

I would= I'd

You would= you'd

He would= he' d

We would= We'd

It would= it'd

They would= They'd

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Third Conditional

USAGE

Unreal conditional: an impossible or unfulfilled situation in the past and regrets

FORMATION

EXAMPLES

pRONUNC.

THIRD CONDITIONAL USAGE

"If I hadn't let you in charge of breakfast, you wouldn't have burnt my toast"

"If you hadn't been late, you wouldn't have missed the concert"

If you had been paying more attention, you would've seen that were about to crash"

with past perfect continuous

regrets

unreal situation in the past and their consequences

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THIRD CONDITIONAL formation

"if I had saved enough money,

you would've been able to buy the car."

Conditional clause: Past perfect (simple/continuous)

Result clause: would/ could / might have+ past participle

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THIRD CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES

• "If you had come to class more often, you would have learnt about the conditionals in English"
• "If Mary had known that you would betray her, she wouldn't have told you her secret"
• "If you had been cleaning your bedroom, your mum wouldn't have told you off"

• "If I had known what was going to happen, I could have warned the pilot"
• "I wouldn't have chosen that film if I had known that it was so violent" [NO COMMA!]
• "I could have helped you if you had trusted me" [NO COMMA!]

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PRONUNCIATION OF CONTRACTIONS

Would have= would've

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Expressing wishes or regrets: I wish... (ojalá...) If only... (si solo.../ ojalá...)

Present wishes/ regrets

Structure: I wish/If only + subject + past simple Meaning: Expressing a desire for a present situation to be different Example: "I wish I lived in a bigger house". "If only I could speak Italian".

Note: For the verb "to be," were is often preferred over was to emphasize the unreality of the situation.

Past regrets

Structure: I wish/If only + subject + past perfect simple Meaning: Regretting something that happened or didn't happen in the past Example: "He wishes he had worked harder at school". "If only I'd woken up on time, I would have caught the bus".

Annoyance / Future wishes

Structure: I wish/If only + subject + would + base verb Meaning: Expressing annoyance about someone's behavior or a strong desire for a change in the future Example: "I wish you would stop talking so loudly". "If only it would stop raining".

Note: The subject of the second verb is usually a different person than the speaker, and it is not used for the speaker's own actions.

Mixed Conditionals

We mix Second and Third conditionals

USAGE

EXAMPLES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES USAGE

Second Conditional

"If I had money...

...I'd buy a new house"

Third conditional

...I would've bought a new house"

"If I had earnt enough money...

Mix...

MIXED CONDITIONAL

...I would've bought a new house"

"If I had money...

Hypothetical present

Past result

"If I had earnt enough money...

...I'd buy a new house"

Hypothetical past

Present result

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MIX CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES

• "You wouldn't be so tired if you had gone to bed earlier last night" [NO COMMA!]
• "If she really loved you, she wouldn't have lied to you"
• "If she hadn't fallen off her bike, she would be a champion now"
• "If I had past my driving test, I would be driving to London next week"

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Ooooohhh... so sweet!

CONDITIONAL SONGS

Johnny Cash & June Carter "If I were a carpenter"

Enrique Iglesias "Hero"

Frank Sinatra "If you go away"

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