SUITE TCP/IP

SUITE TCP/IP

(TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL)(INTERNET PROTOCOL)

Le porte sono i sap tra il livello applicazione e quello trasporto

telnet

ftp

dns , dhcp

icmp

Contextualize your topic

APPLICAZIONE

INTERNET

TRASPORTO

FORNISCE UN INTERFACCIA ALL'UTENTE PER INTERAGIRE CON INTERNET

GARANTISCE L'EFFICIENZA DEL TRASFERIMENTO DATI DURANTE LA COMUNICAZIONE

Deve garantire che i pacchetti di dati arrivino correttamente a destinazione

smtp, pop3,imap

arp

tcp

http

udP

ip

IL PROTOCOLLO IP

INSTRADAMENTO DEI PACCHETTI IP DA HOST SORGENTE A HOST DESTINAZIONE

pacchetto ip

indirizzo ip=identificatore logico univoco

Gli indirizzi ip possono essre pubblici oprivati : quando un host con un indirizzo privato si connette a internet , il suo ip rpivato è tradotto dal servizio NAT

ipv6

IPV4

classful

subnetting

LIVELLO TRASPORTO

udp

TCP

connection -oriented

connection-less:

• NON EFFETTUA CORREZZIONE DEGLI ERRORI
• NON INSTAURA UNA CONNESSIONE LOGICA
• PREDILIGE LA VELOCITà

• DNS
• RTP nelle chiamate VoIP

socket

windowing

Livello applicazione

dns

smtp

ftp

http

I PROXY SERVER velocizzano la connessione tra client e server, fornendo pagine memorizzate nella cache .

Contextualize your topic with a subtitle

Concept Map

An Awesome Title

An Awesome Title

An Awesome Title

An Awesome Title

Write an Awesome Subtitle

Write an Awesome Subtitle

Write an Awesome Subtitle

Write an Awesome Subtitle

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

Awesome

EFFECT

• Animation
• Genially
• Video
• Dynamic
• Visual

Effect

• mp4
• Ingenuity
• magic
• Projects
• wow

• mp4
• Ingenuity
• magic
• Projects
• wow

• Animation
• Genially
• Video
• Dynamic
• Visual

awesome

interactivity

Wow

wow

Interactivity

effect

awesome

Awesome

effect

wow

Interactivity

interactivity

Wow

Contextualize your topic with a subtitle

Concept Map

an Awesome title

an Awesome title

an Awesome title

an Awesome title

an Awesome title

Contextualizeyour topic

Contextualizeyour topic

Contextualizeyour topic

Contextualizeyour topic

Contextualizeyour topic

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

your title here

Wow

design

magic

animation

ingenuity

video

Use tables and infographics

Organize information and knowledge much easier and visually through images, graphs, infographics, and simple drawings. That's the way to go!

A Great Title

When giving a presentation, two objectives must be pursued: conveying information and avoiding yawning. To achieve this, it may be a good practice to create an outline and use words and concepts that aid in content assimilation. Here you can include a relevant point to highlight.

20%

80%

• 32 bit in 4 byte
• cifre decimjali derivate dai byte sono separate da punti
• Suddiviso in due parti:

- prefisso di rete - host appartenente alla rete

• INDIRIZZO DI RETE: prefisso di rete + bit es : 192. 168.0.0
• Dal numero totale di host si escludono quelli tutti bit 0 e tutti bit 1

Write a great headline

Put a standout title here, something that captures the attention of the class

Need more reasons to use dynamic content in class? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content moves.

PROTOCOLLO IP

(Internet Protocol) prepara i pacchetti, inserendo nel campo data i segmenti ricevuti dallo strato TCP.

• Comunicazione connection less e non affidabile.
• Non controlla il flusso dati e non corregge gli errori.

Perchè i pacchetti vengono inviati senza stabilire una connessione logica con il destinatario; la rete li instrada a seconda dell'indirizzo IP di destinazione.

Insert an awesome video for your presentation

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation, to leave everyone amazed. Also, this way you will synthesize the content and entertain the whole class. We capture visual content better. This type of content is associated with cognitive and psychological mechanisms. Things come through the eyes, the first image is what counts. We associate visual content with emotions.

HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol)

Dopo la richiesta del client al sevrer quest'ultimo risponde inviando : -il file HTML della pagina web -un file CSS -dati immagini,video...

Queste risorse possono essere richieste tramite una connessione persistente o non persistente. 1) la connessione è chiusa dopo ogni trasferimento 2) Rimane aperta fino allo scadere di un timeout.

A great presentation...

Synthesis and organization

• Improve understanding on any topic.
• Engage the entire class...
• And maintain their attention until the end.
• Include appropriate visual elements for the topic.
• Present data and information visually.
• Use interactivity to delve deeper into the concepts.

Although you should not overuse bulletpoints, icons and diagrams can be great allies when presenting.

3.5%

Contextualize your topic with a subtitle

Use tables and infographics

54%

Week 1

Use graphics in your presentation. Data, figures, numbers… can also be displayed visually, interactively, and animated. And that has a great advantage: you will simplify the information and make it more understandable for the entire class.

90%

Week 2

20%

80%

Enhances communication on any topic.

Use timelines...

Represents data with graphics.

To tell stories in an organized, hierarchical, structured, and concise way. These are the four pillars for carrying out a successful presentation.

It has a suitable color for its theme.

Use timelines to tell stories.

• 128 bit
• notazione esadecimale
• i campi sono separati :
• si omettono gli 0 iniziali
• tre campi coniugati con tutti 0 sono indicati da ::

es : fe80::a45c:6e1:166f Offre una quantità di indirizzi IP enormente grande, in grado di soddisfare le future esigenze della Rete Internet

Visual content is a cross-cutting and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Write a great headline

Visual content is a cross-cutting and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Did you know that Genially allows you to share your creation directly, without the need for downloads? Ready for students to visualize it on any device and learn anywhere.

Insert a great video

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation, to leave everyone speechless. Additionally, this way you will synthesize the content and entertain the whole class. Visual content is a cross-cutting and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Write a great headline

GIF or JPG, of a landscape or an enclosed space. Add them as you like, but add them to create content that promotes learning and stimulates the brains of your students.

Improves communication on any topic.

A great title

With Genially templates you can include visual resources to engage the class from the first minute. Also highlight key content to facilitate its assimilation and even embed external content that surprises and provides more context to the topic: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want! Visual content is a transversal and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

It 'matches' your audience...

And makes them part of the message.

It has an appropriate color for its theme.

Put a standout title here, something that captures the attention of the class

Need more reasons to use dynamic content in class? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content is in motion.

SUBNETTING

Suddivide le reti in sottoreti con prefisso determinato dalla maschera di sottorete

• La sottorete è codificata dai primi bit dell'host, dal codice di sottorete.
• PREFISSO DI RETE ESTESO= prefisso di rete + codice sottorete
• Quanti sono i bit della sottorete? Uso una MASCHERA DI SOTTORETE( bit del prefisso =1, bit host=0) o

CIDR (slash finale seguito dal numero di bit 1 presenti nella maschera)

• metodo classless: il prefisso di rete è un numero qualsiasi di bit, indicato dalla maschera di sottorete

Include infographics in your creations

Here you can put a highlighted title

When carrying out a presentation, two objectives must be pursued: to convey information and avoid yawning. For this, it may be a good practice to create a scheme and use words and concepts that help in the assimilation of the content. When we are told a story, it excites us. It can even move us, making us remember stories up to 20 times more than any other content we may consume.

We better capture visual content. This type of content is associated with cognitive and psychological mechanisms. Things come through the eyes, the first image is what counts. We associate visual content with emotions. Use graphics in your presentation. Data, figures, numbers... can also be displayed visually, interactively, and animated. And that has a great advantage: you will simplify the information and make it more understandable for the whole class.

Insert an awesome video

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation, to leave everyone amazed.

Metodo classful

OBSOLETO

Suddivide gli indirizzi IP in classi in base al valore dei primi bit

• CLASSE A:

bit significativi: 0, indirizzo host: 24bit(3 byte), prefisso di rete: 7 bit

• CLASSE B:

bit significativi: 10, indirizzo host: 16 bit( 2byte), prefisso di rete: 14 bit

• CLASSE C:

bit significativi: 110, indirizzo host: 8(1 byte), prefisso di rete: 21bit

PROTOCOLLO UDP

L'UDP garantisce comunicazioni più veloci ma meno affidabili, fornendo un servizio di tipo connectionless.

• NON attende conferma di ricezione dei segmenti inviati.
• NON controlla il flusso dati.

• NON effetua la correzzione degli errori.

Servizi che privilegiano la velocità di trasmissione e che utilizzano il protocollo UDP sono ad esempio le videochiamate VoIP e il protocollo DNS.

PROTOCOLLO TCP

(Trasmission Control Protocol)

il protocollo garantisce una comunicazione affidabile , fornendo un servizio connnection-oriented.

• Stabilisce una connessione logica con l'entità TCP di destinazione.
• Dopo aver inviato i segmenti, attende conferma di avvenuta ricezione.
• Ritrasmette eventuali segmenti perduti.
• Regols il flusso dei dati e corregge gli errori di trasmissione.

Write a great headline

Demonstrate enthusiasm, sketch a smile, and maintain eye contact with the rest of the people in the classroom can be your best allies when presenting content and creating motivating learning experiences. With that and some interactive content at the level, no class will resist you!

il pacchetto ip riceve il segmento dal tcp e aggiunge l'intestazione (header)

• padding: aggiunta di bit 0 di riempimento

Write a great headline

To highlight super relevant data. 90% of the information we assimilate comes through sight. If your genially includes difficult-to-explain or understand data, don't hesitate: including graphics will help better understand each data and give it meaning.

Use tables and infographics

From tables to charts, take advantage of these tools to simplify data and enhance your audience's understanding.

Write a great headline

Images keep your students awake and motivated, breaking the linearity and monotony of textual content.

Prima della trasmissione, garantisce di aver instaurato una connessione logica con l'host di destinazione(hand-shake)

Write a great headline

Improves communication on any topic.

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation, to leave everyone speechless. Additionally, this way you will synthesize the content and entertain the whole class. Visual content is a transversal and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Represents data with graphics.

It has a suitable color for its theme.

Use timelines to tell stories.

Use images in your presentation

And use this space to describe them. You can upload an image from your computer or use the resources available in Genially, on the left side of the tool. Leave the whole class amazed!

A great presentation...

Write a great headline

• Improve understanding on any topic.
• Engages the entire class...
• And maintains their attention until the end.
• Includes appropriate visual elements for the topic.
• Presents data and information visually.
• Uses interactivity to deepen the concepts.

• Is clear and structured.
• Presents information in an organized manner.

What you read: interactivity and animation can make the most boring content fun. In Genially, we also create our designs to facilitate understanding and learning, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages.

Insert an awesome video for your presentation

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation, to leave everyone amazed. Plus, this way you'll synthesize the content and entertain the whole class. You save time and the concepts stick in your class's brain.

An awesome presentation...

• Includes images and entertains.
• Uses timelines.
• Is animated and interactive.
• Does not overuse bullet points​.

• Is clear and structured.
• Presents information in an organized manner.
• Engages the entire class.
• Adapts fonts and color to the theme.

Write a great headline

We are in the era of the digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have transitioned from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

Our brain is biologically prepared to learn through visual content. Almost 50% of our brain is involved in processing visual stimuli.

Ditch the boring and flat content in your classes: make it motivational instead

Our brain is biologically prepared to learn through visual content. Almost 50% of our brain is involved in processing visual stimuli. Visual content is a universal and cross-cutting language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Here you can put a standout title

Pose a question or problem that makes the class think; it is the essential ingredient to maintain their attention. It is usually posed at the beginning of the topic to encourage critical thinking and participation.

• Plan and structure your content.
• Give visual weight to key points and main ones.
• Define secondary messages with interactivity.
• Establish a flow through the content.
• Measure the results.

Here you can put a highlighted title

When carrying out a presentation, two objectives must be pursued: conveying information and avoiding yawns. To achieve this, it may be a good practice to create an outline and use words and concepts that aid in the assimilation of the content.Use graphics in your presentation. Data, figures, numbers... can also be displayed visually, interactively, and animated. And that has a great advantage: you will simplify the information and make it more understandable for the whole class.

20%

80%

Use graphics in your presentation...

To highlight super relevant data. 90% of the information we assimilate comes through sight.

Visual accompaniment...

Write a great headline

Convince 67% of your class. This is because visual language facilitates the rapid acquisition of knowledge in an intuitive way. Could it be said that images are the key to success? Evidently. In addition to being a great resource for the classroom, images tell stories by themselves without the need for additional support.

Visual content is a transversal and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Write a great headline

Interactivity and animation can be your best allies when creating tables, infographics, or graphics that help provide context to the topic or unit, as well as simplify the information to make it more understandable. We are visual beings and find it easier to 'read' images than to read written text.

Write a great headline

GIF or JPG, of a landscape or an enclosed space. Add them as you like, but add them to create content that promotes learning and stimulates the brains of your students. Images keep your students awake and motivated, breaking the linearity and monotony of textual content.

A brilliant presentation...

Write a great headline

Implement Visual Thinking in the classroom with Genially: organize information and knowledge in a much easier and visual way through images, graphics, infographics, and simple drawings. That's the way to go! Visual content is a cross-cutting and universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

With Genially's templates, you can include visual resources to engage the class from the first minute. Also, highlight key content to facilitate its assimilation and even embed external content that surprises and provides more context to the topic: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want!

Write a great headline

We are in the era of the digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have transitioned from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

Our brain is biologically prepared to learn through visual content. Almost 50% of our brain is involved in processing visual stimuli.

Write a great headline

And use this space to describe it. You can upload an image from your computer or use the resources available in Genially, on the left side of the tool. Leave the whole class amazed! Get 67% of your class convinced. This is because visual language facilitates the rapid acquisition of knowledge in an intuitive way. Could it be said that images are the key to success? Obviously.

Un socket è formato dall'indirizzo IP dell'host di destinazione e dal numero di porta dell'applicazione di rete da ragggiungere.

• 20 - FTP data transfer
• 21 - FTP control
• 25 - SMTP
• 53 -DNS
• 80 - HTTP

Il windowing consente al TCP di trasmettere i segmenti adattando la velocità di trasmissione alla capacità di ricezione dell'host di destinazione. Il TCP ricevente comunica la larghezza della propria finestra di trasmissione tramite il campo window dell'aknowledgemnet.

Livello applicazione

Gestisce le applicazioni di rete

Ogni applicazione di rete è composta da user agent e da un motore e può avere due archittetture:

• client-server: il client chiede un servizio al server
• peer to peer: l'host può fare da client e da server

Il browser dell'utente attival'applicazione HTTP; questa fornisce al TCP/IP l'indirizzo IP del web server di destinazione.PACCHETTO è formato da:

• IP HEADER : source IP e destination IP
• TCP HEADER : source port e destination port