REN 92-BCCC Research Content(Formatting_Citations_Works Cited_and more

REN 92

Instructor: Dr. Lorenzo L. Kellam III, . BEST CONTACT METHOD: Canvas Messaging email:Lkellam@BCCC.edu Voice:(410)209-3167 Website: Proflorenzo.com

MLA Formatting and Style Guide (9th Edition)

What is MLA?

MLA (Modern Language Association) Style formatting is often used in various humanities disciplines. In addition to the handbook, MLA also offers The MLA Style Center, a website that provides additional instruction and resources for writing and formatting academic papers. https://style.mla.org/

MLA Update 2016

The 9th edition handbook focuses on clarification, guidance, and expansion on MLA 8’s introduction of core elements for Works Cited through calcification and expansion and meaning of the categories.

The three guiding principles:

• Cite simple traits shared by most works.
• Remember that there is more than one way to cite the same source.
• Make your documentation useful to readers.

In-Text Citations: the Basics

An in-text citation is a brief reference in your text that indicates the source you consulted.

• It should direct readers to the entry in your works-cited list for that source.
• It should be unobtrusive: provide the citation information without interrupting your own text.
• In general, the in-text citation will be the author’s last name (or abbreviated title) with a page number, enclosed in parentheses.

13

Print Source with Author

For the following print source Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. U of California P, 1966. If the essay provides a signal word or phrase—usually the author’s last name—the citation does not need to also include that information.

15

With Unknown Author

How to cite a work with no known author: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change…” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).

16

Other In-Text Citations 2

Work by Multiple Authors In-text Examples: Smith et al. argues that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state: “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (Smith et al. 76). A 2016 study suggests that stricter gun control in the United States will significantly prevent accidental shootings (Strong and Ellis 23).

20

Other In-Text Citations 7

Sources without page numbers In-text example: Disability activism should work toward “creating a habitable space for all beings” (Garland-Thomson). Corresponding works-cited entry: Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. “Habitable Worlds.” Critical Disability Studies Symposium. Feb. 2016, Purdue University, Indiana. Address.

25

Works Cited: The Basics

Each entry in the list of works cited is made up of core elements given in a specific order. The core elements should be listed in the order in which they appear here. Each element is followed by the punctuation mark shown here.

31

Works Cited List: Author

Author – the primary creator of the work Begin the entry with the author’s last name, followed by a comma and the rest of the name, as presented in the work. End this element with a period. Examples:

Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193-200.   Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011.

32

Works Cited List: Title of Source

Title of source – the title of the work Books and websites should be in italics: Hollmichel, Stefanie. So Many Books. 2003-13, somanybooksblog.com.   Linett, Maren Tova. Modernism, Feminism, and Jewishness. Cambridge UP, 2007.   Periodicals (journal, magazine, newspaper article), television episodes, and songs should be in quotation marks:   Beyoncé. “Pretty Hurts.” Beyoncé, Parkwood Entertainment, 2013, www.beyonce.com/album/beyonce/?media_view=songs.   Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.” The Georgia Review, vol. 64, no. 1, 2010, pp. 69-88.

33

Works Cited List: Title of Container

Title of container – a work that contains another work Examples: Bazin, Patrick. “Toward Metareading.” The Future of the Book, edited by Geoffrey Nunberg, U of California P, 1996, pp. 153-68.   Hollmichel, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain: Differences between Digital and Print.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2013, somanybooksblog.com/2013/04/25/the-reading-brain-differences-between-digital-and-print/.   “Under the Gun.” Pretty Little Liars, season 4, episode 6, ABC Family, 16 July 2013. Hulu, hulu.com/watch/511318.

34

Works Cited List: Title of Container

Title of container

Fig. 5.31. MLA, MLA Handbook Ninth Edition, 2021, p. 137

35

CRAAP

Currency: the timeliness of the information

• When was the information published or posted?
• Has the information been revised or updated?
• Is the information current or out-of date for your topic?
• Are the links functional?

Relevance: the importance of the information for your needs

• Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?
• Who is the intended audience?
• Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too elementary or advanced for your needs)?
• Have you looked at a variety of sources before determining this is one you will use?
• Would you be comfortable using this source for a research paper?

Authority: the source of the information

• Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor?
• Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?
• What are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?
• What are the author's qualifications to write on the topic?
• Is there contact information, such as a publisher or e-mail address?
• Does the URL reveal anything about the author or source?

examples: .com (commercial), .edu (educational), .gov (U.S. government), .org (nonprofit organization), or .net (network)

Accuracy: the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content.

• Where does the information come from?
• Is the information supported by evidence?
• Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
• Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?
• Does the language or tone seem biased and free of emotion?
• Are there spelling, grammar, or other typographical errors?

Purpose: the reason the information exists

• What is the purpose of the information? to inform? teach? sell? entertain? persuade?
• Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear?
• Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?
• Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?
• Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional, or personal biases?

In-Class Activity

Learning unit completed

Good job!

Reflect on what you have learned in this section.

back

1. What have I learned? Main concepts and ideas.
2. How did I learn it? Steps followed to learn it: group work, research, analysis of information, in-depth study, etc.
3. What has been the easiest and the most difficult part?
4. What was it useful for? Usefulness of what I have learned
5. In what other situations can I use it? Extrapolation of what I have learned to other subjects, daily life, etc.