More argument v2

Presentation

More About Arguments: Content and Detail

Kelly Perriello | LDT 650 | Fall 2025

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The Goal:

By the end of this presentation, the learner will have a better idea of what is necessary for writing and researching in an argumentative essay

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Claims are based on arguable statements or positions that some may disagree with.

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Types of claims

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Types of Claims

• Variable statements of fact
• Issues of faith or belief.
• Matters of simple opinion or personal taste

Qualifying shows that the writer is reasonable, but makes the topic more manageable with a claim:

• Can it be true in circumstances but not others?
• Can it be only true with certain conditions?
• Can it be true for some groups of individuals but not others?

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Reasons

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Value of REasons

Reasons guide your why your topic matters. It is not the same as evidence.

Remember to structure your thesis as: Claim + because + reason(s)

You can't have a good argument without good reasons.

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• Statistics
• Examples
• Authorities
• Anecdotes
• Case Studies/Observations
• Textual evidence
• Visuals

Types of reasons to add to your argument essay Evidence should be appropriate for the argument

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audience

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You need to connnect with your audience and their values.

Your audience needs to believe you.

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Your argument needs a connection with your audience to build a common ground. Incorporating other viewpoints to show you have considered other perspectives. How to incorporate other viewpoints:

How Can the Reader Trust You?

• Acknowledge other viewpoints.
• Accommodating other viewpoints.
• Refuting other viewpoints.

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The goal of a Rogerian argument is to come to a common ground with your audience. The goal is not asserting who is right, but finding collaboration. Sometimes known as invitational arguments.

Dealing with a hostile Audience: Rogerian Model of ARgument

• Intro: acknowledge both sides of the issue.
• Describe the opposing view.
• State your thesis and support it.
• Conclude when bridging together two different perspectives.

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Pathos deals with emotional appeals in trying to connect to an audience. This is seen as the easiest method, but be careful not to overuse it.

Logos deal with the logic or the reasoning behind the ordering of the information and the type of evidence described. Ensure you are sound with this.

Ethos deals with the creditily or trustworthiness of the speaker.

Logos

Pathos

ethos

Rhetorical Appeals

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Continue working on your essay to submit for the rough draft

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This will keep the audience's attention

Even if you explain itorally later

You can present the figures like this...

Use this space to briefly describe your chart and its evolution. Statistics convey professionalism and a greater sense of truthfulness. A plus: always try to include the source.

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You can add a highlighted title

Show enthusiasm, smile, and maintain eye contact with your audience: 'The eyes, chico. They never lie'. This will help you connect with your audience. Leave them speechless!

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You can add a highlighted title

You can develop the content in more detail through your oral presentation. We recommend practicing your voice and rehearsing: the best improvisation is always the most prepared!

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You can add a prominent title

You can create an outline to synthesize the content and use words that are etched into your audience's memory. Numbered ideas are remembered much better than bullet point lists.