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Music Education - CHris Hoefs - Week 7

Chris Hoefs

Created on November 1, 2025

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Music Education - CHris Hoefs - Week 7

Week 2

Grandmaster Flash

Ma Rainey

West African Drumming

Who's Land?

African American Work Songs

Indigenous Concealed Stories

World Music: Taiko Drumming

1600s

1800's

Malian's Song

Drums and Culture, exploring with the djembe

Blues and Hip Hop

Local First Nation Music and History

Work Songs

1900's

1700's

Pre 1600s

Music of the Civil War/Abolitionist Music

40 Wheels

Japanese

Music Education - CHris Hoefs

Back to Week 7

K - 4 Montesorri, 5 - 12 Rural Public School
Ancient through the Renaissance
Classical
Modern

5th Grade Xylophone!

Band Music

1800's

1600s

Pre 1600s

Reflection

1900's

1700's

Composer Bingo and Yankee Doodle

Even More Band Music

What's the oldest instrument?

Baroque
Romantic

Timeline Diagram

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I remember learning to play xylophone in 5th grade. I had moved to a new school that was much larger than my K - 4 and it was the first time I had played any Orff instruments. We played the notes to Pachabel's Canon along with a recording and had to learn to write the notes on staff paper. Apart from this one song, I don't think we learned any other music or composers who made music in the 1600's

Pachabel's Canon on the Xylophone

I usually work with 4th - 6th grade on a variety of music production projects, starting with simple tools and working our way up to Soundtrap. There's a lot to unpack when it comes to the history of recording technology, but many of the features we use in modern DAW, like loops and breaks, were pioneered by Grandmaster Flash. Taking the time to hear his early examples of techniques he invented gives credit to his addition to music production and impact hip hop has had on popular music.

Early Music Production

Taiko drumming has been a part of my curriculum for a while. We learn how the drums are made and the extensive and meticulous method Japanese taiko makers use to create traditional drums. We learn 'Ji', or the vocal syllables spoken to denote different rhythms as well as what part of the drum to hit. Learning is almost exclusively by rote. We also practice the visual aspect of the drumming after watching taiko performances, then create and share our own.

Learn traditional elements of Taiko drumming

We are in the era of the explosion of digital information. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have moved from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

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When we are told a story, it excites us, it can even move us, making us remember the stories up to 20 times more than any other content we may consume.

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I was very into playing trumpet in the concert band and jazz band in high school. My trumpet teacher at the time also gave me a pretty large collection of bootleg CDs he had burned of jazz trumpet players he thought were worth listening to. High school was the end of formal in-class learning music beyond what I picked up in band, as my school only offered band and chorus as music options.

High School Band

We better grasp visual content. Visual content is associated with cognitive and psychological mechanisms. Things come through the eyes, the first image is what matters. We associate visual content with emotions.

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At points in 5th and 6th grade my music teacher would run a "composer of the month" lesson when we'd learn a little bit about the life of a classical music composer. This was my first time hearing about Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, etc. Besides listening quietly to music, we'd also play games of composer bingo when there was a substitute teacher for music. I was never very interested in the music or the history at the time, I couldn't see any connection between classical music and the music I was listening to or making myself At some point we learned Yankee Doodle, which I think would be the oldest American song we learned in elementary school. This would also have been the oldest song we actually performed rather than just listening to examples

Playing Composer Bingo!

Our region is home to two First Nation tribes, the Abenaki and the Penacook. The Abenaki have an active outreach program to show how to make traditional drums and rattles. Reaching out for information would be a good place to start exploring the local culture that is still practiced and shared today.

Abenaki and Penacook Tribe History

What did I learn K-12?

I think I had a fairly typical K-12 music education for a small rural school in New Hampshire. I can't recall doing many musical things in my K - 4 school, which was an extremely small Montesorri school and had no clearly defined arts classes. Transferring to a public school in 5th grade, I remember being overwhelmed at how my classmates could read notation and had a much larger musical vocabulary than me. From 5th to 8th grade, music education was pretty focused on learning notation, playing and singing folk songs, and learning Western music. The closest we ever got to learning any World Music was playing djembes and learning that they came from Africa, although the rhythms we played were nothing like the rhythms you would hear in any kind of authentic music. Other than ignoring most music from outside the US, we also spent next to no time on non-white American music. Cultural diversity went as far as posters celebrating other cultures. I would say music education avoided the worst kinds of cultural appropriation (10 little Indians had gone out of style), but my teachers hadn't replaced those kinds of songs with authentic music from native, black, or other non-white culture.

  • My predominantly white K-12 school focused on western classical music
  • At the time, opportunities to play in all state bands marching bands, and orchestras were seen as the most important goal, so the curriculum and efforts were focused almost exlusively on that kind of musicking

40 Wheels would be a song that could be taught in the 4th to 6th grade range. The music should be learned by rote, first by the video presented by the composer, and then in the classroom with the teacher leading. 40 Wheels is a song about the First Nation peoples who lived in Kentucky when they were forcibly removed during the trail of tears. While my school does study this during 5th grade, this is still part of the concealed story of the event from a Native American lens.

40 Wheels

I have no memory of ever learning anything about music before the 1600s until college music history classes. The closest thing I can remember was the time my teacher asked the class "What's the oldest instrument? The very first one humans had?" and we all guessed instruments like "piano" and "violin". I thought it was cheating when she revealed the answer was voice, but I guess it stuck with me.

You're telling me they had music before Bach?

This is a story about a raid on an Abenaki tribe that would have lived near to where my school is. This event has been protrayed in movies and referenced in textbooks, but this story is an adaptation of an Abenaki descendent of the village. The story was passed down orally and was recorded in 1959. The book was written with a target grade level of 2-4, an age range where I think storytelling using the perspective of someone their age is incredibly powerful.

Malian's Song

5th grade at my school ends their year with a deep dive on the events surrounding the civil war (both teachers are reenactors who bring their cannon and crew to school). We spend time talking about how much music was written during these years, much of it was designed to build support for or against abolition. Students then talk about different songs they could learn as a class to sing on 'Civil War Day', which gives us plenty of opportunity to talk about what would make a song an appropriate choice. They almost always do great with this responsibility!

Civil War Day

African American work songs were sung in all kinds of places and working conditions, from fields to urban settings. The history behind their purpose, from passing the time and keeping in a rhythm for work to satarizing or criticizing can be found in the long history of work songs. A more recent work song sung by Leadbelly called "Bring Me Little Water Silvy" is an easy to sing work song that I usually do with 4th graders, along with the body percussion from Moira Smiley

Work Songs

Ma Rainey's music features stories about the life of an independent black woman who helped pioneer some of the earliest blues music we have. Starting as a vaudville performer and ending up recording almost 100 records, Ma Rainey had a tremendous and often scandalous impact on the history of the blues.

Ma Rainey

Pose a dramatic question; it is the essential ingredient to maintain the audience's attention. It is usually subtly posed at the beginning of the story to intrigue the audience and is resolved at the end.

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Visual content is a cross-cutting, universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

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Bring your creations to life with animation.It's impossible not to pay attention tomoving content!

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I remember learning to play the trumpet in elementary school with all of the classic beginner band songs: Hot Cross Buns, Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, Au Claire, etc. I wasn't aware of where they came from or any of their history, I just remember knowing they were very old and people had been playing them for a long time.

A whole lot of little melodies in band

My school has access to a small set of djembes. We learn the different types of hits, bass, tone, and slaps, as well as some common rhythm patterns. Students can learn how drumming and dancing are used in many cultural and religious events, as well as develop skills playing polyrhthms together.

West African Drumming

Our brain is biologically prepared to process visual content. Almost 50% of our brain is involved in processing visual stimuli.

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