PHYS 100 (Dunah)

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OZONE DEPLETION

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Hypothesis

Could lowing the usage of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and methyl bromide stop the thinning of the ozone layer or is the damange done to severe?

Definition

Ozone Depletion: gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.

impact the natural processes of Earth's minerals and rocks?

"Ozone can cause substantial damage to a variety of materials such as rubber, plastics, fabrics, paint and metals. Exposure to ozone progressively damages both the functional and aesthetic qualities of materials and products, and shortens their life spans. Damage from ozone exposure can result in significant economic losses as a result of the increased costs of maintenance, upkeep and replacement of these materials." (California Air Resources Board)

Impact on the processes of Earth

- "Increases in UVB radiation could affect terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical cycles, thus altering both sources and sinks of greenhouse and chemically important trace gases - UVB radiation affects the physiological and developmental processes of plants. Despite mechanisms to reduce or repair these effects and an ability to adapt to increased levels of UVB, plant growth can be directly affected by UVB radiation" (US EPA.)

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Effect on earth Water system

"Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton consume carbon dioxide on a scale equivalent to forests and other land plants. Some of this carbon is carried to the deep ocean when phytoplankton die, and some is transferred to different layers of the ocean as phytoplankton are eaten by other creatures, which themselves reproduce, generate waste, and die" ( Lindsey, Rebecca, and Michon Scott)

"Scientists have demonstrated a direct reduction in phytoplankton production due to ozone depletion-related increases in UVB. UVB radiation has been found to cause damage to early developmental stages of fish, shrimp, crab, amphibians, and other marine animals. The most severe effects are decreased reproductive capacity and impaired larval development. Small increases in UVB exposure could result in population reductions for small marine organisms with implications for the whole marine food chain." (US EPA)

Long Term Effect

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HUMAN -Increased skin cancer and cataracts -Immune system suppression ECOSYSTEM -Damage to the plant -Disruptions of the food chain -Impact on the terrestrial ecosystem CLIMATE AND WEATHER -Shifting weather pattern -Impact on biogeochemical cycles

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EFFECT ON THE OCEAN

"Marine ecosystems show considerable evidence that continued depletion of ozone will lead to increased penetration of UV into the upper layers of the ocean, resulting in damage to various forms of marine life such as phytoplankton, the single-celled organisms at the base of the marine food web." (Oceaneos)

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EFFECT ON EARTH ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEM

Less ozone means less absorption of UV radiation, which cools the stratosphere, potentially delaying ozone layer recovery and affecting atmospheric circulation (US EPA)

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What are some of the most viable solutions

Global phaseout of ozone-depleting chemicals: Bans on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons International agreements and regulations: Countries are required to submit regular reports on their ODS consumption and take necessary steps to enforce regulations. Adopted in 2016, the Kigali Amendment focuses specifically on hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are widely used as alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs. The amendment aims to phase down HFCs due to their high global warming potential. Efforts to reduce emissions: source (The current state of the Earth’s ozone layer. )

solution I propose

1. Avoid the consumption of gases that are dangerous to the ozone layer 2. Minimize the use of cars 3. Do not use cleaning products that are harmful to the environment and to us. 4. Buy local products. 5. Maintain air conditioners,

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Conclusion

-human have been doing their part to help reduce the damage done to the Ozone. In 2006, the Ozone hole size was 29.1 (million sq km), and in 2020 it was 24.8 (million sq km). - althought the prcess is slow but constent effet from the whole world will help protect our helth

Referance

• California Air Resources Board. (2020a, November 6). Health & Environmental Effects of Ozone | California Air Resources Board. Ww2.Arb.ca.gov. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/health-effects-ozone
• Lindsey, Rebecca, and Michon Scott. “What Are Phytoplankton?” Nasa.gov, NASA Earth Observatory, 13 July 2010, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Phytoplankton.
• Oceaneos - restoring ocean life | Ozone Depletion. (2018). Oceaneos.org. https://oceaneos.org/state-of-our-oceans/ozone-uv-rays/
• The current state of the Earth’s ozone layer. (n.d.). The Current State of the Earth’s Ozone Layer. https://www.carbonclick.com/news-views/the-current-state-of-the-earths-ozone-layer
• US EPA. “Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion.” US EPA, 1 Oct. 2018, www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/health-and-environmental-effects-ozone-layer-depletion.
• Wuebbles, Donald. “Ozone Depletion.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 16 Feb. 2018, www.britannica.com/science/ozone-depletion.