Parts of Speech

Noun (Sustantivo)

Parts of Speech

Pronoum (Pronombre)

The parts of speech explain how a word is used in a sentence.

Verb (Verbo)

Subject + Verb + Object/Complement

Adjective (Adjetivo)

Adverb (Adverbio)

Preposition (Preposición)

Basic Sentence Structure

Conjunction (Conjunción)

Interjection (Interjección)

Prepared by: Luz Villamizar Teacher: Ramón Oviedo IUPMA - Sede Caricuao

Shows relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. Common prepositions include: Examples: in, on, at, by, for, with, under, over, between, among, during, before, after. Prepositions often indicate location (in the house), time (at 5 o’clock), direction (to the store), and other relationships.

“The book is on the table”

The most common sentence pattern in English

Describes a noun or pronoun, giving more information about the object signified. Types of adjectives include:

• Descriptive Adjectives: happy, blue, large.
• Quantitative Adjectives: some, many, few.
• Demonstrative Adjectives: this, that, these, those.
• Possessive Adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
• Interrogative Adjectives: which, what, whose.
• Comparative Adjectives: taller, smarter, faster.
• Superlative Adjectives: tallest, smartest, fastest.

“It’s a beautiful day”

Basic Sentence Structure

Subject: who or what performs the action. Verb: the action or state. Object/Complement: receives the action or adds more information. Example: She reads books. She = subject - reads = verb - books = object

Types of Sentences by Function

Type

• Declarative
• Interrogative
• Imperative
• Exclamatory

Example

• I like pizza.
• Do you like pizza?
• Eat your pizza.
• I love pizza!

Purpose

• States a fact or opinion
• Asks a question
• Gives a command or request
• Expresses strong emotion

Replaces a noun to avoid repetition. They can be classified into several types:

• Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
• Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.
• Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
• Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those.
• Interrogative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, what.
• Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that.
• Indefinite Pronouns: someone, anything, everyone, nothing.

“She loves her new job”

Connects words, phrases, or clauses. There are three main types of conjunctions:

• Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet.
• Subordinating Conjunctions: because, although, since, unless, while, after, before, when.
• Correlative Conjunctions: either…or, neither…nor, both…and, not only…but also.

“I want pizza and soda”

Names a person, place, thing, or idea. They can be classified into different types such as common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, countable nouns, and uncountable nouns. Example: teacher, city, car, Mr. Smith, New York.

“The teacher is writing on the board”

Expresses emotion or sudden reaction. They are often followed by an exclamation mark. Examples: oh, wow, ouch, hey, alas, bravo.

“Wow! That was amazing!”

Expresses action or state of being. They are essential to the structure of a sentence. Verbs can be classified into different types:

• Action Verbs: run, jump, think, imagine.
• Linking Verbs: am, is, are, was, were, seem, become.
• Helping Verbs: have, has, had, do, does, did, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must.

Verbs also have different forms to indicate tense (past, present, future), aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous), and mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive).

“They play soccer every weekend”

Describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb, providing more detail about how, when, where, or to what extent something happened. Types of adverbs include:

Adverbs of Manner: quickly, slowly, carefully. - Adverbs of Time: now, later, yesterday. Adverbs of Place: here, there, everywhere. - Adverbs of Frequency: always, often, rarely. Adverbs of Degree: very, quite, almost.

“She runs quickly”