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A New Republic

Independence HS

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Transcript

A New Republic

1789 - 1808

Open to page 2 of your Period 4 Study Guide

Next

Early issues of Washington’s Presidency

  • Forging a new government
  • Precedents – i.e. Cabinet
  • Revolutionary War debts
  • Federal govt. - $54 million in debt
  • States - additional $25 million in debt
  • Question arises: How do we as a baby country handle this?

Next

Alexander Hamilton

  • Washington’s Secretary of Treasury
  • Federalist!
  • Believer in strong Federal govt.
  • Loose interpretation/implied powers

Next

Hamilton’s Economic plan

  1. Federal government will absorb the debts of the states
  2. Northern states have more debt
  3. Excise tax on “spirits”
  4. Whiskey

Next

Hamilton’s Economic plan

3. Protective tariffs to support manufacturers

  • Tariff: raises price of imported goods, which encourages consumers to buy locally
  • Rejected by Congress
4. Create a National Bank

Next

Who will oppose Hamilton’s plan?

  • Anti-Federalists
  • Southerners

Why?!

  • Anti-Federalists → Too much power given to the federal government
  • Southerners → Not in debt

Next

National Bank crisis

  • Thomas Jefferson & James Madison hated National Bank
  • Seen as …
  • Favoring “Northern manufacturers”
  • Unconstitutional

What political party are Thomas Jefferson & James Madison?

Democratic-Republicans

→ p. 20 of study guide (add it now pretty please

Next

National Bank → Compromise

  • Hamilton’s plan is accepted in exchange for….
  • Moving the nation’s capital to D.C.
  • Compromise stated “on the Potomac River”
→ Was considered a center of commerce near Southern, slave-holding states … having the capital close would help retain their influence in Congress
  • 20 year charter
  • Charter = a specific amount of time it can operate

Next

France vs. Great Britain

  • 1793 – France declares war on Great Britain
  • Which side should the U.S. fight on?
    • We signed treaties with King Louis XVI…
    • Federalists – support Great Britain
    • Jeffersonian faction – supports France
  • 1793 – Washington declares neutrality

Next

British vs. Americans

  • Conflict w/ Natives → British instigating Natives to attack Americans
  • Maritime issues
  • Impressment of American sailors → Forcing merchants into military service, often without their consent

Next

Jay’s Treaty

  • Washington’s Administration still!
  • British must…
    • Remove troops from Northwest territory
    • Pay back American merchants
  • Does not address:
    • Impressments
    • Trade
  • Very unpopular w/ Democratic-Republicans

Next

Pinckney’s Treaty

  • 1795 treaty with Spain
  • U.S. gets more land →
  • Guaranteed navigation rights on the Mississippi River
  • Who opposed this treaty?

NO ONE! (Well pretty much no one ... someone will probably hate on it) We have more land

Next

Washington’s Farewell Address

  • Steps down after two terms →
    • There are no term limits yet …
    • Two, 4-year terms not a thing until 1951
  • Issues two warnings to the nation
    • Stay clear of foreign affairs
    • Do not form political parties

Next

XYZ Affair

  • John Adams now President
  • Quasi-War: France seizing American ships
    • American diplomats attempted to negotiate …
    • Meet with French officials “X”, “Y”, & “Z.”
    • Demanded bribes/loans as a condition to start negotiations
      • “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”
      • Meaning — the U.S. will pay “millions for defence” to defend itself, but refuses to pay money/bribes (tribute)
Public response?

Mad over bribery! Leads to public hostility toward France and general distrust of foreigners

Next

Alien & Sedition Acts

  • Passed during anti-French sentiment following XYZ Affair
  • Provisions:
    • Extended naturalization period for immigrants
    • Allowed President to detain “enemy” aliens at will
    • Allowed President to deport aliens deemed dangerous
    • Sedition: Illegal to criticize the government
Public response?
  • Created harsh punishments for sedition
  • 14 Jeffersonian journalists prosecuted
  • Maybe a reason J. Adams only served one term??

Next

All done!

  • We'll go over page 4 in the Study Guide together once errrone is done.
  • But for now, complete the timeline on page 22

Purple = contextualization

Blue = political

Red = War/revolt/rebellion

Green = economic

FEDERALISTS

  • Alexander Hamilton & John Adams
  • Strong central government
  • Implied powers
  • National Bank
  • Preferred an industrial economy
  • More popular in the North

ANTI-Federalists

  • Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
  • James Madison switches
  • Strong state and local government
  • Expressed powers
  • No National Bank!
  • Preferred an economy based on Agriculture
  • More popular in the South

1800 Election Results

  • First time government has passed peacefully from one political party to another.
  • Exposes the problems with method of selecting Vice President
  • 12th amendment (1804)

Thomas Jefferson