A New Republic

A New Republic

1789 - 1808

Open to page 2 of your Period 4 Study Guide

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Early issues of Washington’s Presidency

• Forging a new government
• Precedents – i.e. Cabinet
• Revolutionary War debts
• Federal govt. - $54 million in debt
• States - additional $25 million in debt
• Question arises: How do we as a baby country handle this?

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Alexander Hamilton

• Washington’s Secretary of Treasury
• Federalist!
• Believer in strong Federal govt.
• Loose interpretation/implied powers

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Hamilton’s Economic plan

1. Federal government will absorb the debts of the states
2. Northern states have more debt
3. Excise tax on “spirits”
4. Whiskey

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Hamilton’s Economic plan

3. Protective tariffs to support manufacturers

• Tariff: raises price of imported goods, which encourages consumers to buy locally
• Rejected by Congress

4. Create a National Bank

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Who will oppose Hamilton’s plan?

• Anti-Federalists
• Southerners

Why?!

• Anti-Federalists → Too much power given to the federal government
• Southerners → Not in debt

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National Bank crisis

• Thomas Jefferson & James Madison hated National Bank
• Seen as …
• Favoring “Northern manufacturers”
• Unconstitutional

What political party are Thomas Jefferson & James Madison?

Democratic-Republicans

→ p. 20 of study guide (add it now pretty please

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National Bank → Compromise

• Hamilton’s plan is accepted in exchange for….
• Moving the nation’s capital to D.C.
• Compromise stated “on the Potomac River”

→ Was considered a center of commerce near Southern, slave-holding states … having the capital close would help retain their influence in Congress

• 20 year charter
• Charter = a specific amount of time it can operate

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France vs. Great Britain

• 1793 – France declares war on Great Britain

• Which side should the U.S. fight on?
• We signed treaties with King Louis XVI…

• Federalists – support Great Britain
• Jeffersonian faction – supports France

• 1793 – Washington declares neutrality

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British vs. Americans

• Conflict w/ Natives → British instigating Natives to attack Americans
• Maritime issues
• Impressment of American sailors → Forcing merchants into military service, often without their consent

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Jay’s Treaty

• Washington’s Administration still!
• British must…
• Remove troops from Northwest territory
• Pay back American merchants

• Does not address:
• Impressments
• Trade

• Very unpopular w/ Democratic-Republicans

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Pinckney’s Treaty

• 1795 treaty with Spain
• U.S. gets more land →
• Guaranteed navigation rights on the Mississippi River

• Who opposed this treaty?

NO ONE! (Well pretty much no one ... someone will probably hate on it) We have more land

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Washington’s Farewell Address

• Steps down after two terms →
• There are no term limits yet …
• Two, 4-year terms not a thing until 1951

• Issues two warnings to the nation
• Stay clear of foreign affairs
• Do not form political parties

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XYZ Affair

• John Adams now President
• Quasi-War: France seizing American ships
• American diplomats attempted to negotiate …
• Meet with French officials “X”, “Y”, & “Z.”
• Demanded bribes/loans as a condition to start negotiations
• “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”
• Meaning — the U.S. will pay “millions for defence” to defend itself, but refuses to pay money/bribes (tribute)

Public response?

Mad over bribery! Leads to public hostility toward France and general distrust of foreigners

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Alien & Sedition Acts

• Passed during anti-French sentiment following XYZ Affair
• Provisions:
• Extended naturalization period for immigrants
• Allowed President to detain “enemy” aliens at will
• Allowed President to deport aliens deemed dangerous
• Sedition: Illegal to criticize the government

Public response?

• Created harsh punishments for sedition
• 14 Jeffersonian journalists prosecuted
• Maybe a reason J. Adams only served one term??

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All done!

• We'll go over page 4 in the Study Guide together once errrone is done.
• But for now, complete the timeline on page 22

Purple = contextualization

Blue = political

Red = War/revolt/rebellion

Green = economic

FEDERALISTS

• Alexander Hamilton & John Adams
• Strong central government
• Implied powers
• National Bank
• Preferred an industrial economy
• More popular in the North

ANTI-Federalists

• Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
• James Madison switches
• Strong state and local government
• Expressed powers
• No National Bank!
• Preferred an economy based on Agriculture
• More popular in the South

1800 Election Results

• First time government has passed peacefully from one political party to another.
• Exposes the problems with method of selecting Vice President
• 12th amendment (1804)

Thomas Jefferson