SI CHICAS WORLD WIDE

SI CHICAS WORLD WIDE

SI CHICAS WORLD WIDE

Marilyn MataAndrea Dorminguez Ye Jiaxin Liang Yuchen

Gender differences in the Big Five personality development

A longitudinal investigation from late adolescence to emerging adulthood

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SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

Gender differences in the Big Five personality development

Elsevier

JOURNAL

2012

YEAR

Michele Vecchione Guido Alessandri Claudio Barbaranelli, Gianvittorio Caprara

AUTHORS

Researches on personality traits and their development using the Big Five (BFQ):

The normative developmental trend of personality traits across the entire course of life (Hopwood et al., 2011; Roberts, Walton, & Viechtbauer, 2006)

The age at which personality reaches its consistency (Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000; Terracciano, Costa, & McCrae, 2006),

The mechanisms underlying personality changes (Caspi et al., 2005).

Studies that highlighted gender differences in personality

For gender-based social experiences

Their biological differences.

(Srivastava, John, Gosling, and Potter, 2003)

(Shaffer, 2009)

Neuroticism Women > Men

Agreeableness Women > Men

(Ludtke, Roberts, Trautwein y Nagy, 2011)

Hypothesis

There is a significant difference in the development of personality traits between men and women

EXPECTATIONS

TRAITS

Males > Females:

Females> Males:

Traits

Agreeableness, conscientiusness, openess

Emotional stability and Energy/extraversion

Remain stable in both, males and females

Extraversion

(Robins et al., 2001)

Openess, Conscientiusness and agreeableness

Linear increase in both

(Roberts et al., 2006; Robins, Fraley, Roberts, & Trzesniewski, 2001)

Inventario

Let's see if you are prepared before we start...

Think fast...

00:30

LGM

statistical method that tracks how people’s traits change over time.

Intercept: Slope:

starting point the first measurement.

the rate of change

Sample & Method

Sample & Method

403 Participants

211

192

16

18

20

LGM

86%

69%

Genzano

Multiple-cohort Design1998 & 2000

(Vecchione, Alessandri, Barbaranelli, & Caprara, 2012)

Let the Game Begin...

Que comience el juego... | 让游戏开始吧 | Che il gioco abbia inizio…

Listen Carefully... or else...

Conscientiousness & Openness.

Conscientiousness

00:15

Openness

(Vecchione, Alessandri, Barbaranelli, & Caprara, 2012)

Emotional Stability

Emotional Stability

00:15

Agreeableness

Agreeableness

00:15

Extraversion

Extraversion

00:15

Results(1/5)

The Common Path: Uniform Maturation

——conscientiousness ——openness

Two traits conscientiousness and openess showed a universal pattern of growth, regardless of gender

Results(2/5)

The Stable Core: A Temperamental Base

Energy/Extraversion

Results(3/5)

The Diverging Paths: Gender-Specific Adaptation

——Emotional Stability ——Agreeableness

Results(4/5)

The Starting Line and Individual Variability

openness

conscientiousness

agreeableness

emotional stability

Results(5/5)

The Starting Line and Individual Variability

conscientiousness

emotional stability

summary

Strengths(1/3)

Strengths(2/3)

Strengths(3/3)

• Tests for measurement invariance across gender and time, ensuring that observed differences are not due to measurement artifacts.

• Examines both mean-level change and interindividual variability, offering a nuanced understanding of personality development.

Limitations(1/3)

Limitations(2/3)

Semi-Structured Interviews

Limitations(3/3)

• The sample is from a single Italian town, which may affect the generalizability of findings to other cultural contexts.

• The study does not explore the underlying mechanisms (e.g., social, biological) driving the observed gender differences.

This 22-nation study confirms that cultural dimensions systematically shape personality traits, challenging the generalizability of single-culture findings like Vecchione's (2012). Its broad sample demonstrates that personality development cannot be fully understood without multi-cultural perspectives.

Paulo Rocha（2024）

Societal expectations and pressures for different genders (i.e., gender-role socialization) shape personality development. Weiwei Xia (2023) Hormonal changes (e.g., testosterone and estrogen levels) during adolescence and emerging adulthood may impact brain structure and neurochemistry linked to personality traits. Jennifer A Poon(2021)

Reflection

What This Study Adds to Personality Theory

Reinforcing the "Maturity Principle" of Personality Development (Vecchione et al., 2012; Caspi et al., 2005; Roberts et al., 2006)

Highlighting the InteractionBetween Social Roles and Personality (Roberts & Wood, 2006; Arnett, 2000)

What This Study Adds to Personality Theory

Revealing Gender-Differentiated Developmental Pathways (Vecchione et al., 2012; Else-Quest et al., 2006)

Emphasizing Individual Variability Within Gender (Vecchione et al., 2012; Lüdtke et al., 2011).

Practical ImplicationS

03

01

02

Focusing on the Transition to Emerging Adulthood (Arnett, 2000; Roberts et al., 2001)

SupportingGender-Sensitive Interventions (Hyde, 2005; Vecchione et al., 2012)

Encouraging Cross-Cultural and Longitudinal Monitoring (McCrae et al., 2005; Vecchione et al., 2012)

Usa esta cara de la tarjeta para dar más información sobre un tema. Focalízate en un concepto. Haz que el aprendizaje y la comunicación sean más eficientes.

Usa esta cara de la tarjeta para dar más información sobre un tema. Focalízate en un concepto. Haz que el aprendizaje y la comunicación sean más eficientes.

Usa esta cara de la tarjeta para dar más información sobre un tema. Focalízate en un concepto. Haz que el aprendizaje y la comunicación sean más eficientes.

Título

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REFERENCES

Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913. Hopwood, C. J., Donnellan, M. B., Blonigen, D. M., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., et al. (2011). Genetic and environmental influences on personality trait stability and growth during the transition to adulthood: A three wave longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 545–556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022409. Ludtke, O., Roberts, B. W., Trautwein, U., & Nagy, G. (2011). A random walk down university avenue: Life paths, life events, and personality trait change at the transition to university life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 620–637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023743. Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.3. Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1. Shaffer, D. R. (2009). Social and personality development. Belmond, CA: Wadsworth. Srivastava, S., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1041–1053. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1041. Terracciano, A., Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2006). Personality plasticity after age 30. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 999–1009. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0146167206288599

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Si Chicas worldwide

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Inventario

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Openness

Linear Growth

T16

T18

T20

LEVEL

SLOPE

.5

Conscientiousness

Parallel Stability

T16

T18

T20

LEVEL

SLOPE

.5

Inventario

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