historical
Presentation
19th Amendment to the US Constitution (1920) Women’s Suffrage. By: Yadhira A. & Lamar Q.
Start
This is an index
Topics covered by Yadhira:
1. Policy researchcovered by Yadhira and Lamar
4. History Of The Evolution Of The Policy
5. Final Overall Analysis
Topics covered by Lamar:
2.Summary of Importance
Part III: Sources: MLA Citations:
3. First Hand Account(s)
policy research
WHO is impacted by this policy? What groups are mainly affected?
The ratifying of the 19th amendment in the US constitution was like a cage finally freeing its prisoners; the prisoners being women. Women are the main focus of this injustice occurring, from being looked down upon when wanting to educate themselves instead of having kids, to being denied the right to vote. Men as a whole would be the second focus on this injustice, due to society labeling them as the superior gender, where they get to work for a paid sum, serve to fight in war, and voice out their opinions and thoughts in political conventions. However, women were negatively impacted by societal prejudices against them, men were left to live their lives, to sit back, watch and maybe throw in a laugh or a taunt here and there.
Denying the right to vote was something quite common in history, whether based on unpaid taxes, age, education, ethnicity, marital status and now sex.
Against:
Lucy Stone
WHO is a key leader in passing this policy?
WHO is a key leader against this policy?
- Born on August 13, 1818, in West Brookfield, Massachusetts.
- Influenced by her home life, her mother worked hard on their farm, being dominated by her husband, while Stone’s brothers lived a privileged life.
- She started to question the bible as it was clearly written in it ‘men should rule women’, she then went on to suspect inaccurate translations from the original Greek and Hebrew texts as the sources of injustice happening around her. She decided that she would learn to read those ancient texts.
- She started to teach to earn money to go to school, she ended up making much less than a male school teacher but regardless earned a spot in 3 female only institutes. At the age of 25 she entered Oberlin College in Ohio, the very first coeducational college, meaning women and men were allowed to learn in the same environment. The school was also a center of antislavery thought.
- Her suspicions were confirmed through her linguistic studies, when she was denied to speak out in college she went on to become a lecturer on these issues.
Leader:
Elizabeth Cady Santon; (Seneca Falls convention of 1848)
Born on November 12, 1815, in Johnstown, New York
Daughter of a successful lawyer and judge
Dealing with her father’s grief of her brother's passing influenced her to work, act, and live just as hard as any boy.
She excelled in horseback riding and studying classics but ended up going to an all females college for 3 years even though she disapproved of single-sex education
1 of the 5 organizers of the Seneca Falls convention of 1848
Fun fact: She is the first woman to graduate from Oberlin with a bachelor's degree; 4 years of studying
Lucy Stone Continuous:
--->
- After graduation Stone went on to become a lecturer for Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Interestingly, the abolitionists complained when she included women's rights into her lectures so she had to agree to talk about them separately. She was a very influential lecturer, calm and confident even with hostile crowds.
- She was actually a part of the suffrage movement and attended most of the conventions but ended up leaving when the women a part of the suffrage movement did not include women of color nor men of color.
- Stone ended up advocating for American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA) which was labelled the rival campaign of the National Women Suffrage Association run by Elizabeth Cady Santon because they did not want to endorse the 15th amendment.
Elizabeth Cady Santon & Lucy Stone became rivals in the end.
WHAT is this policy about? What does it do, say, or what does it change?
WHEN was this policy put in place? Has it changed since then? (amendments, extensions, overturn?)
“Congress passed the 19th Amendment on June 4, 1919, and it was ratified on August 18, 1920.” (19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women’s Right to Vote, 1920). It has never been overturned or amended. However, later movements continued to fight for equal access to voting for women of color, particularly through the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
The 19th amendment guaranteed that anyone, regardless of sex, is allowed to vote in political elections. This ensured that women had the right to vote, ending the women’s suffrage movement on the success of women.
WHERE does this policy take effect? Certain states? The whole country? Schools, work places, certain industries?
WHY was the policy enacted/passed/decided in the first place? Was this a response to a previous policy? Was this a response to a specific historical or political moment?
The amendment was a response to decades of activism by women’s suffrage groups who sought equal rights in voting. It followed protests, marches, and arrests, especially during the early 1900’s. The success of women’s participation during World War 1 helped shift public opinion, showing their ability to contribute equally to society and the nation.
It applies across the entire United States, in all federal, state, and local elections. It also set a national precedent for gender equality in other democratic nations.
Summary of Importance
Summary FOR & AGAINST This Policy
Arguments for the 19th amendment included the following factors that were stated above, gender equality, female representation in office, and social progress to keep including women in different worlds that were before called a ‘man’s world’
IMPORTANCE:
The overall importance of this policy is that it ensured the beginning of gender equality. Women were given the right to vote which let everyone know that their voices and thoughts, opinions and words were meant to be heard and was their entire right to be heard regardless of gender. This movement was huge for society, it was social progress towards accepting women, their representation in office, running and holding a place in office. But more than that, it in whole was a huge step toward gender equality.
However, arguments against the 19th amendment were more complex. Sure, it started off with, if women were included in office they would disrupt the natural order of society and that women are a threat to traditional roles and the society’s foundational structure. The argument went as low as to say that women didn't have the mental capacity for politics. But what really complexed the situation is that the arguments against the 19th amendment played into racism and racial injustices. This was evident when the votes were tallied up in house, 89 to 304, while most voted to ratify the 19th amendment a significant number of representatives from the southern states were against the inclusion of women in office but especially women of color was out of the question however men of color were accepted?.
We, women, now are very thankful for these amazing voices in the past. Without them we would be stuck voiceless in more places than one, politics, education, and occupations. Gender norms wouldn't be nearly as equal without them and we would be still stuck under the bias of men.
First Hand Account(s)
DIRECT QUOTE:
A first-person account from a person directly impacted by the policy. How does their account illustrate the impact of this policy on individuals?
“The 19th amendment has always been incredibly important to me. I remember first learning about the 19th amendment in middle school and it’s kind of mind boggling to me that that happened a hundred years ago and we're still continuing to fight for equality today.”
Rebecca Fairwhether, an 18 year old Latina Activist from Queens, New York.
She is a woman who believes in equality of all genders but especially women's rights and healthcare, as she is someone who suffers from Endometriosis, where the tissue of the uterus is growing in other parts of the body, it is labelled as a chronic condition, meaning that reproductive healthcare is really important to her.
“As an 18-year-old, it kind of feels a little weird to be voting on this anniversary in a time where so many injustices are still being brought to light every single day. But, I’m voting on the 100th anniversary knowing that my generation is stepping into the voting booth and that’s so powerful to me. I know that the future will be in good hands because of it.”
Fairweather is answering the question ‘What does the 19th amendment mean to you and how important is it for you to exercise your right to vote in the 2020 election?’
History Of The Evolution Of The Policy
CURRENT STANDING:
Does this policy still exist today, or has it been challenged or changed? (If so, how?) Does it still impact people? Why was it overturned or protected? For current or proposed policies, what might happen next? For past policies, how does this still impact people today?
The 19th Amendment is still an active law. Although women now legally have the right to vote, barriers such as discriminatory state laws and voter suppression have continued to affect women of color and marginalized communities. Modern voting rights efforts continue to defend and expand access.
Final Overall Analysis
OVERALL IMPACTS -
UNIT QUESTION CONNECTION: Is your policy an example of the government protecting the rights of the people or taking them away? Briefly explain your answer.
Were the impacts of the policy what the policymakers intended them to be? Why or why not? What is the public’s reaction to the policy? Is it generally supported? Why or why not?
The 19th Amendment is clearly an example of the government protecting and expanding the rights of the people. It corrected a long history of inequality by recognizing women as full citizens with the right to vote and participate in democracy.
The amendment achieved its main goal —- granting women the right to vote —- and has had lasting effects on American politics, education, and gender equality. It inspired later policies like the Equal Pay Act and Title IX. Public opinion today strongly supports the right to vote for all genders, making the 19th Amendment one of the most widely respected changes to the Constitution.
MLA Citations
Yadhira's MLA Citations
Lamar's MLA Citations
Database Source 1
Database Source 1
“Women's Suffrage Movement.” Gale in context: U.S. History, Gale 2023.
McGuire, William, and Leslie Wheeler. “Elizabeth Cady Santon” American History, ABC-CLIO, 2025, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/247918. Accessed 17 OC. 2025
Database Source 2
“Weiss, Elaine F. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote. Viking Press, 2018. EBSCOhost History Reference Center.
Database Source 2
McGuire, Willam, and Leslie Wheeler. “Lucy Stone” American History, ABC-CLIO, 2025, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/247955. Accessed 20 Oct. 2025
Database Source 3
Felex Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Woman’s Rights Movement in the United States. Harvard University Press, 1975. Proquest eBook Central.
Internet Source 1
Connley, Courtney. “”The 19th Amendment Means Everything” : 5 FIrst-TIme Voters on 100 Years of Women’s Suffrage and the 2020 Election.” CNBC, 18 Aug. 2020, www.cbnc.com/2020/08/018/5-first-time-women-voters-on-the-19th-amendement-and-2020-election.html
Internet Source 1
“19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.” National Archives and Records Administration, Aug 26, 2020, https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/19th-amendment
Group Images
Lamar's Images
Interactive Question
Interactive question
Interactive Question
Interactive question
Thank YOU!!
MLA Citation:
Johnson, Kenneth R. “White Racial Attitudes as a Factor in the Arguments against the Nineteenth Amendment.” Phylon (1960-), vol. 31, no. 1, 1970, p. 31, https://doi.org/10.2307/273870.
Tip:
Connley, Courtney. “”The 19th Amendment Means Everything” : 5 FIrst-TIme Voters on 100 Years of Women’s Suffrage and the 2020 Election.” CNBC, 18 Aug. 2020, www.cbnc.com/2020/08/018/5-first-time-women-voters-on-the-19th-amendement-and-2020-election.html
MLA Citations:
“Women’s Suffrage.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, Oct 27, 2009. www.history.com/topics/womens-history/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage
MLA Citations:
“19th Amendment to the U.S. constitution: Women’s Right to Vote.” National archives, U.S. National Archives and records Administration, Aug 26, 2020, U.S.
MLA Citation:
“Weiss, Elaine F. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote. Viking Press, 2018. EBSCOhost History Reference Center.
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Transcript
historical
Presentation
19th Amendment to the US Constitution (1920) Women’s Suffrage. By: Yadhira A. & Lamar Q.
Start
This is an index
Topics covered by Yadhira:
1. Policy researchcovered by Yadhira and Lamar
4. History Of The Evolution Of The Policy
5. Final Overall Analysis
Topics covered by Lamar:
2.Summary of Importance
Part III: Sources: MLA Citations:
3. First Hand Account(s)
policy research
WHO is impacted by this policy? What groups are mainly affected?
The ratifying of the 19th amendment in the US constitution was like a cage finally freeing its prisoners; the prisoners being women. Women are the main focus of this injustice occurring, from being looked down upon when wanting to educate themselves instead of having kids, to being denied the right to vote. Men as a whole would be the second focus on this injustice, due to society labeling them as the superior gender, where they get to work for a paid sum, serve to fight in war, and voice out their opinions and thoughts in political conventions. However, women were negatively impacted by societal prejudices against them, men were left to live their lives, to sit back, watch and maybe throw in a laugh or a taunt here and there.
Denying the right to vote was something quite common in history, whether based on unpaid taxes, age, education, ethnicity, marital status and now sex.
Against: Lucy Stone
WHO is a key leader in passing this policy? WHO is a key leader against this policy?
Leader: Elizabeth Cady Santon; (Seneca Falls convention of 1848) Born on November 12, 1815, in Johnstown, New York Daughter of a successful lawyer and judge Dealing with her father’s grief of her brother's passing influenced her to work, act, and live just as hard as any boy. She excelled in horseback riding and studying classics but ended up going to an all females college for 3 years even though she disapproved of single-sex education 1 of the 5 organizers of the Seneca Falls convention of 1848
Fun fact: She is the first woman to graduate from Oberlin with a bachelor's degree; 4 years of studying
Lucy Stone Continuous:
--->
Elizabeth Cady Santon & Lucy Stone became rivals in the end.
WHAT is this policy about? What does it do, say, or what does it change?
WHEN was this policy put in place? Has it changed since then? (amendments, extensions, overturn?)
“Congress passed the 19th Amendment on June 4, 1919, and it was ratified on August 18, 1920.” (19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women’s Right to Vote, 1920). It has never been overturned or amended. However, later movements continued to fight for equal access to voting for women of color, particularly through the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
The 19th amendment guaranteed that anyone, regardless of sex, is allowed to vote in political elections. This ensured that women had the right to vote, ending the women’s suffrage movement on the success of women.
WHERE does this policy take effect? Certain states? The whole country? Schools, work places, certain industries?
WHY was the policy enacted/passed/decided in the first place? Was this a response to a previous policy? Was this a response to a specific historical or political moment?
The amendment was a response to decades of activism by women’s suffrage groups who sought equal rights in voting. It followed protests, marches, and arrests, especially during the early 1900’s. The success of women’s participation during World War 1 helped shift public opinion, showing their ability to contribute equally to society and the nation.
It applies across the entire United States, in all federal, state, and local elections. It also set a national precedent for gender equality in other democratic nations.
Summary of Importance
Summary FOR & AGAINST This Policy
Arguments for the 19th amendment included the following factors that were stated above, gender equality, female representation in office, and social progress to keep including women in different worlds that were before called a ‘man’s world’
IMPORTANCE:
The overall importance of this policy is that it ensured the beginning of gender equality. Women were given the right to vote which let everyone know that their voices and thoughts, opinions and words were meant to be heard and was their entire right to be heard regardless of gender. This movement was huge for society, it was social progress towards accepting women, their representation in office, running and holding a place in office. But more than that, it in whole was a huge step toward gender equality.
However, arguments against the 19th amendment were more complex. Sure, it started off with, if women were included in office they would disrupt the natural order of society and that women are a threat to traditional roles and the society’s foundational structure. The argument went as low as to say that women didn't have the mental capacity for politics. But what really complexed the situation is that the arguments against the 19th amendment played into racism and racial injustices. This was evident when the votes were tallied up in house, 89 to 304, while most voted to ratify the 19th amendment a significant number of representatives from the southern states were against the inclusion of women in office but especially women of color was out of the question however men of color were accepted?.
We, women, now are very thankful for these amazing voices in the past. Without them we would be stuck voiceless in more places than one, politics, education, and occupations. Gender norms wouldn't be nearly as equal without them and we would be still stuck under the bias of men.
First Hand Account(s)
DIRECT QUOTE:
A first-person account from a person directly impacted by the policy. How does their account illustrate the impact of this policy on individuals?
“The 19th amendment has always been incredibly important to me. I remember first learning about the 19th amendment in middle school and it’s kind of mind boggling to me that that happened a hundred years ago and we're still continuing to fight for equality today.”
Rebecca Fairwhether, an 18 year old Latina Activist from Queens, New York. She is a woman who believes in equality of all genders but especially women's rights and healthcare, as she is someone who suffers from Endometriosis, where the tissue of the uterus is growing in other parts of the body, it is labelled as a chronic condition, meaning that reproductive healthcare is really important to her.
“As an 18-year-old, it kind of feels a little weird to be voting on this anniversary in a time where so many injustices are still being brought to light every single day. But, I’m voting on the 100th anniversary knowing that my generation is stepping into the voting booth and that’s so powerful to me. I know that the future will be in good hands because of it.”
Fairweather is answering the question ‘What does the 19th amendment mean to you and how important is it for you to exercise your right to vote in the 2020 election?’
History Of The Evolution Of The Policy
CURRENT STANDING:
Does this policy still exist today, or has it been challenged or changed? (If so, how?) Does it still impact people? Why was it overturned or protected? For current or proposed policies, what might happen next? For past policies, how does this still impact people today?
The 19th Amendment is still an active law. Although women now legally have the right to vote, barriers such as discriminatory state laws and voter suppression have continued to affect women of color and marginalized communities. Modern voting rights efforts continue to defend and expand access.
Final Overall Analysis
OVERALL IMPACTS -
UNIT QUESTION CONNECTION: Is your policy an example of the government protecting the rights of the people or taking them away? Briefly explain your answer.
Were the impacts of the policy what the policymakers intended them to be? Why or why not? What is the public’s reaction to the policy? Is it generally supported? Why or why not?
The 19th Amendment is clearly an example of the government protecting and expanding the rights of the people. It corrected a long history of inequality by recognizing women as full citizens with the right to vote and participate in democracy.
The amendment achieved its main goal —- granting women the right to vote —- and has had lasting effects on American politics, education, and gender equality. It inspired later policies like the Equal Pay Act and Title IX. Public opinion today strongly supports the right to vote for all genders, making the 19th Amendment one of the most widely respected changes to the Constitution.
MLA Citations
Yadhira's MLA Citations
Lamar's MLA Citations
Database Source 1
Database Source 1
“Women's Suffrage Movement.” Gale in context: U.S. History, Gale 2023.
McGuire, William, and Leslie Wheeler. “Elizabeth Cady Santon” American History, ABC-CLIO, 2025, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/247918. Accessed 17 OC. 2025
Database Source 2
“Weiss, Elaine F. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote. Viking Press, 2018. EBSCOhost History Reference Center.
Database Source 2
McGuire, Willam, and Leslie Wheeler. “Lucy Stone” American History, ABC-CLIO, 2025, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/247955. Accessed 20 Oct. 2025
Database Source 3
Felex Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Woman’s Rights Movement in the United States. Harvard University Press, 1975. Proquest eBook Central.
Internet Source 1
Connley, Courtney. “”The 19th Amendment Means Everything” : 5 FIrst-TIme Voters on 100 Years of Women’s Suffrage and the 2020 Election.” CNBC, 18 Aug. 2020, www.cbnc.com/2020/08/018/5-first-time-women-voters-on-the-19th-amendement-and-2020-election.html
Internet Source 1
“19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.” National Archives and Records Administration, Aug 26, 2020, https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/19th-amendment
Group Images
Lamar's Images
Interactive Question
Interactive question
Interactive Question
Interactive question
Thank YOU!!
MLA Citation:
Johnson, Kenneth R. “White Racial Attitudes as a Factor in the Arguments against the Nineteenth Amendment.” Phylon (1960-), vol. 31, no. 1, 1970, p. 31, https://doi.org/10.2307/273870.
Tip:
Connley, Courtney. “”The 19th Amendment Means Everything” : 5 FIrst-TIme Voters on 100 Years of Women’s Suffrage and the 2020 Election.” CNBC, 18 Aug. 2020, www.cbnc.com/2020/08/018/5-first-time-women-voters-on-the-19th-amendement-and-2020-election.html
MLA Citations:
“Women’s Suffrage.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, Oct 27, 2009. www.history.com/topics/womens-history/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage
MLA Citations:
“19th Amendment to the U.S. constitution: Women’s Right to Vote.” National archives, U.S. National Archives and records Administration, Aug 26, 2020, U.S.
MLA Citation:
“Weiss, Elaine F. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote. Viking Press, 2018. EBSCOhost History Reference Center.