Israel and Palestine Conflict Timeline
1936
1922
1917
1896
1822
The league of nations grants Britain the mandate for Palestine. The mandate required Britain to protect the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities while also supporting the establishment of the Jewish community in Palestine.
Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement (a movement for a Jewish homeland), published "The Jewish State". The book advocates that the only way Jewish people can be safe is by having their own state.
The Balfour Declaration was issued by the British government in support of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Palestinian Arabs revolted against British rule with protests, strikes, and armed attacks over the growing Jewish immigration. Britain responded with harsh military force, killing thousands of Palestinians and arresting many leaders.
Palestine is a part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman administration allowed hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees to arrive in Palestine.
The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising, began against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli forces kill more than 1,000 Palestinians and imprison thousands, while about 200 Israelis are killed in the fighting.
The United Nations votes to divide the Palestinian territory into a Jewish state. Jewish leaders accepted the plan, while Arab leaders rejected it because the Jewish people were given most of the land. This leads to a civil war.
The Arab-Israeli War ended, resulting in Israel gaining more land than the United Nations had planned. The United Nations also grants Israel membership.
The Six-Day War breaks out, and Israel captures the West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights.
1979
1964
1948
1987
1967
1949
1947
David Ben-Gurion declares the establishment of the State of Israel. Palestinians mark this as the Nakba (catastrophe) when about 750,000 Palestinians were forced from their home. This started the Arab-Israeli War.
Egypt and Israel sign a peace treaty, making Egypt the first Arab country to recognize Israel. Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in exchange for peace. The president of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, was later assassinated by officers who opposed the treaty.
The Palestine Liberation Organization was founded to represent Palestinian Arabs working toward creating an independent Palestinian state.
The Oslo Accords were signed between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization. The agreement grants Palestinian authorities limited self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza.
The Second Intifada began after Israeli politician Ariel Sharon's visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem sparked outrage. The uprising is much more violent than the first, resulting in the deaths of about 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis.
Israel launches a major military operation called Operation Cast Lead in response to rocket fire by Hamas. The conflict lasted three weeks and resulted in thousands of Palestinian casualties and significant destruction; dozens of Israelis were also killed.
Hamas, an Islamist paramilitary organization that refuses to recognize Israel, wins the Palestinian Legislative election against Fatah. Elections have not been held since.
2007
2005
1994
2008
2006
2000
1993
Baruch Goldstein, an American-Israeli far-right extremist, murdered 29 Palestinians and wounded 125 others who were peacefully worshipping in a mosque, straining the peace process.
Israel withdraws all its settlers and military forces from the Gaza Strip—the move aimed to reduce conflict.
After Hamas and Fatah failed to reach an agreement to share power in Palestine, Hamas violently seized control of Gaza.
2023
2021
2018
2014
2012
On October 7, 2023, Hamas launches a large-scale surprise attack on Israel from Gaza. The attack killed around 1,200 Israeli's. Israel responded by launching massive military operations, resulting in tens of thousands of Palestinian deaths and a major humanitarian crisis.
Israel launches Operation Pillar of Defense in response to increasing rocket attacks from Hamas in Gaza. The conflict lasted eight days and resulted in hundreds of Palestinian and several Israeli casualties.
The Great March of Return begins as Palestinians largely peacefully protest their right to return to their homeland. The protest lasted for 18 months, during which Israel responded with live fire and tear gas, resulting in hundreds of Palestinian deaths and thousands of injuries.
Israel launches Operation Protective Edge in Gaza after continued rocket attacks by Hamas and Israeli airstrikes. The conflict lasted 50 days, resulting in thousands of Palestinian deaths, over 70 Israeli deaths, and widespread destruction in Gaza.
From May 10 to May 21, 2021, an 11-day conflict broke out between Israel and Hamas in Gaza over rocket attacks. It resulted in over 250 Palestinian deaths and 13 Israeli deaths, alongside widespread destruction in Gaza.
March-May 2025
Nov 2024
Oct 9, 2025
July 2025
Jan-Feb 2024
Israel completely blocks aid into Gaza. The United Nations reports starvation, sickness, and death in Gaza due to a lack of food, water, and medicine.
Israel begins to block food, medicine, and other aid, leaving over 1 million Palestinians without life essential supplies.
The United Nations Special Committee declares Israeli actions in Gaza are complicit with Genocide.
Amnesty International, a human rights organization, accuses Israel of using starvation as a weapon of war
Gaza is at critical risk of famine. Israel closes the most direct aid routes, worsening civilian suffering.
Israel launches airstrikes in Gaza, killing at least 26 Palestinians in response to a Hamas attack. Hamas denies involvement in any attack.
Oct 20, 2025
Oct 10, 2025
Oct 19, 2025
Israel has reportedly committed 47 violations since the ceasefire began, resulting in 38 Palestinian deaths and 143 injuries. Israel's prime minister states that 153 tonnes of bombs were dropped, and that the military campaign is not over
A ceasefire between Israel and Hamas is declared, with the intent to allow aid shipments into Gaza.
Israel and Palestine Conflict Timeline
Lopez Becerra, Denisse
Created on October 21, 2025
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Transcript
Israel and Palestine Conflict Timeline
1936
1922
1917
1896
1822
The league of nations grants Britain the mandate for Palestine. The mandate required Britain to protect the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities while also supporting the establishment of the Jewish community in Palestine.
Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement (a movement for a Jewish homeland), published "The Jewish State". The book advocates that the only way Jewish people can be safe is by having their own state.
The Balfour Declaration was issued by the British government in support of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Palestinian Arabs revolted against British rule with protests, strikes, and armed attacks over the growing Jewish immigration. Britain responded with harsh military force, killing thousands of Palestinians and arresting many leaders.
Palestine is a part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman administration allowed hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees to arrive in Palestine.
The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising, began against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli forces kill more than 1,000 Palestinians and imprison thousands, while about 200 Israelis are killed in the fighting.
The United Nations votes to divide the Palestinian territory into a Jewish state. Jewish leaders accepted the plan, while Arab leaders rejected it because the Jewish people were given most of the land. This leads to a civil war.
The Arab-Israeli War ended, resulting in Israel gaining more land than the United Nations had planned. The United Nations also grants Israel membership.
The Six-Day War breaks out, and Israel captures the West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights.
1979
1964
1948
1987
1967
1949
1947
David Ben-Gurion declares the establishment of the State of Israel. Palestinians mark this as the Nakba (catastrophe) when about 750,000 Palestinians were forced from their home. This started the Arab-Israeli War.
Egypt and Israel sign a peace treaty, making Egypt the first Arab country to recognize Israel. Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in exchange for peace. The president of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, was later assassinated by officers who opposed the treaty.
The Palestine Liberation Organization was founded to represent Palestinian Arabs working toward creating an independent Palestinian state.
The Oslo Accords were signed between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization. The agreement grants Palestinian authorities limited self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza.
The Second Intifada began after Israeli politician Ariel Sharon's visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem sparked outrage. The uprising is much more violent than the first, resulting in the deaths of about 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis.
Israel launches a major military operation called Operation Cast Lead in response to rocket fire by Hamas. The conflict lasted three weeks and resulted in thousands of Palestinian casualties and significant destruction; dozens of Israelis were also killed.
Hamas, an Islamist paramilitary organization that refuses to recognize Israel, wins the Palestinian Legislative election against Fatah. Elections have not been held since.
2007
2005
1994
2008
2006
2000
1993
Baruch Goldstein, an American-Israeli far-right extremist, murdered 29 Palestinians and wounded 125 others who were peacefully worshipping in a mosque, straining the peace process.
Israel withdraws all its settlers and military forces from the Gaza Strip—the move aimed to reduce conflict.
After Hamas and Fatah failed to reach an agreement to share power in Palestine, Hamas violently seized control of Gaza.
2023
2021
2018
2014
2012
On October 7, 2023, Hamas launches a large-scale surprise attack on Israel from Gaza. The attack killed around 1,200 Israeli's. Israel responded by launching massive military operations, resulting in tens of thousands of Palestinian deaths and a major humanitarian crisis.
Israel launches Operation Pillar of Defense in response to increasing rocket attacks from Hamas in Gaza. The conflict lasted eight days and resulted in hundreds of Palestinian and several Israeli casualties.
The Great March of Return begins as Palestinians largely peacefully protest their right to return to their homeland. The protest lasted for 18 months, during which Israel responded with live fire and tear gas, resulting in hundreds of Palestinian deaths and thousands of injuries.
Israel launches Operation Protective Edge in Gaza after continued rocket attacks by Hamas and Israeli airstrikes. The conflict lasted 50 days, resulting in thousands of Palestinian deaths, over 70 Israeli deaths, and widespread destruction in Gaza.
From May 10 to May 21, 2021, an 11-day conflict broke out between Israel and Hamas in Gaza over rocket attacks. It resulted in over 250 Palestinian deaths and 13 Israeli deaths, alongside widespread destruction in Gaza.
March-May 2025
Nov 2024
Oct 9, 2025
July 2025
Jan-Feb 2024
Israel completely blocks aid into Gaza. The United Nations reports starvation, sickness, and death in Gaza due to a lack of food, water, and medicine.
Israel begins to block food, medicine, and other aid, leaving over 1 million Palestinians without life essential supplies.
The United Nations Special Committee declares Israeli actions in Gaza are complicit with Genocide.
Amnesty International, a human rights organization, accuses Israel of using starvation as a weapon of war
Gaza is at critical risk of famine. Israel closes the most direct aid routes, worsening civilian suffering.
Israel launches airstrikes in Gaza, killing at least 26 Palestinians in response to a Hamas attack. Hamas denies involvement in any attack.
Oct 20, 2025
Oct 10, 2025
Oct 19, 2025
Israel has reportedly committed 47 violations since the ceasefire began, resulting in 38 Palestinian deaths and 143 injuries. Israel's prime minister states that 153 tonnes of bombs were dropped, and that the military campaign is not over
A ceasefire between Israel and Hamas is declared, with the intent to allow aid shipments into Gaza.