ONLINE LEARNING
Cohort 11 - November 2026
BEGIN
Response Policing
ONLINE LEARNING
This module must be completed to comply with the Police Constable Entry Programme (PECP) curriculum on the National Graduate Leadership Programme. The module should take around 90 minutes to complete and does not need to completed all at once. You can return to the module as often as you like. Please aim to complete this module by Thursday 31st December.
CONTENT WARNING
Today we will be learning and talking about response policing. Some of the content may be emotive and for some may cause upset and distress.
Please look after yourselves during this online learning.
We are here if you need to talk.
Evaluate the importance of crowd psychology on policing approaches in public order incidents. Analyse the role of the police within a joint emergency services incident. Apply practical policing skills when attending an incident as a first responder
PCEP OBJECTIVES
Crowd psychology and how this informs public order tactics and policing approaches
Theories of the psychology of human behaviour
Humans are complex and have complex behaviours. As police officers on response, you will likely engage with a variety of different behaviours. It is important to note that these behaviours have multiple reasons for why they occur. Psychological perspectives, such as the ones outlined on this slide, help to suggest why people behave in certain ways.
Social learning theory
Behaviourist approach
Cognitive apporach
Biological approach
Psychodynamic approach
Humanistic approach
BACK TO TOPICS
Click here to draw >
Check your answers
Crowd Psychology
Another psychological theory worth understanding is crowd psychology. Although there is no single, agreed or detailed definition of a crowd, you may find yourself policing a crowd. Drag the definition to the correct term and then check your answers.
A crowd attacking, terrorising, or rioting with no consideration for the law or the rights of other people
Spectator crowd
A crowd watching an event that they have come to the location to see, or that they happen to discover once there
Demonstrator crowd
A crowd in which people’s physical movement rapidly decreases – to the point of impossibility – due to high crowd density
Dense/suffocating crowd
A crowd, often with a recognised leader, organised for a specific reason or event, to picket, demonstrate, march, or chant
Violent crowd
Crowd Psychology - Answers
BACK TO TOPICS
Check to see if you matched the crowd type to the correct description.The correct answers are below.
A crowd watching an event that they have come to the location to see, or that they happen to discover once there
Spectator crowd
A crowd, often with a recognised leader, organised for a specific reason or event, to picket, demonstrate, march, or chant
Demonstrator crowd
A crowd in which people’s physical movement rapidly decreases – to the point of impossibility – due to high crowd density
Dense/suffocating crowd
A crowd attacking, terrorising, or rioting with no consideration for the law or the rights of other people
Violent crowd
Crowd Psychology - Elaborated Social Identity Model (ESIM)
The impact of interactions (such as the tendency for conflict) between crowds and other groups, such as the police, on crowd behaviours can be explained by the Elaborated Social Identity Model of crowd behaviour (ESIM). During a crowd event, the social position of crowd members will change because of interactions between the crowd and external groups. If there is an imbalance between the way in which the crowd and the police perceive the crowd’s social position – e.g., if the police perceive the whole crowd to be troublesome whereas the crowd perceive themselves to be peaceful protesters – conflict is more likely to result. ESIM theory also suggests conflict is more likely if the police not only view the whole crowd as troublesome but treat them as such. The crowd, perceiving their treatment by police to not only be illegitimate but also indiscriminate, may come to adopt a more inclusive self-categorisation and form a united mass, overpowering any previous barriers between differing groups within the crowd – most notably the peaceful majority and the troublesome minority. Consequently, the united crowd will feel empowered to act against the police and express hostility and antisocial behaviours. As a result, the perception of the police may become self-fulfilling – i.e., in perceiving and treating the whole crowd as troublesome and, thereby, acting to prevent disorder, the police may serve to create disorder.
next page
Crowd Psychology
BACK TO TOPICS
QUESTION 1
Taking into account the ESIM, how would you reduce the risk of conflict between a response police officer and a crowd containing some individuals who are displaying anti-social behaviour? (If you select the correct answer it will take you to the next page).
The use of differentiating between individuals behaving legitimately and illegitimately, and to treat each group accordingly
The use of heavy handed tactics based on prior expectations and assumptions of violent intentions
The use of high-profile and policing tactics which are not information-led
Importance of applying JESIP at a joint emergency services incident
Importance of applying JESIP at a joint emergency services incident
The role of the police
In joint emergency services incidents, the role of the police is multifaceted and critical to ensuring a coordinated and effective response. The Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Principles (JESIP) provide a nationally recognised framework that underpins how police, fire, and ambulance services work together during major or complex incidents. According to the College of Policing, JESIP must be embedded in police contingency planning and operational practice to ensure interoperability and meet legal obligations under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004
Importance of JESIP
Operational impact
Question
Apply practical policing skills when attending an incident as a first responder
Negotiating and Influencing in complex response situations
In response policing, you will have to negotiate and influence people, including those displaying anti-social behaviours individually or within crowds. An example model of how you can do this is MOREPIES. This mnemonic was developed by the FBI to help crisis negotiators remember the key steps involved in active listening when they are under pressure. The model may be useful to create a channel for negotiation and influence to occur.
M O R E P I E S
NEXT PAGE
Skills, tactics and tools for exerting emotional influence
Betari's Box model can be applied in every polciing intercation - including in your response phase.
BACK TO TOPICS
Public perceptions of policing in a response context
Occupational Culture
Integrity and Corruption
Diversity
Although Occupational Culture is difficult to define, Cockcroft (2012) delves into the themes and concepts of Occupational Culture in the Police. Click the link below to read more.
The previous section, Occupational Culture, mentioned Noble Cause Corruption. Click the link below to find out more.
Click the link below to find out more about the proportion of BAME Police Officers in England and Wales.
+ info
+ info
+ info
NEXT PAGE
Public perceptions of policing in a response context
Fear of crime and safety
Satisfaction and confidence
Procedural justice and legitimacy
In February to March 2022, the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN) asked people about their current perceptions of safety in the last 12 months. The findings have been compared with those from June 2021, Click below to find out more.
Click the link below to view an excerpt from the Legitimacy & Confidence in Policing breifing doucment (June 2022)
Click the link below to explore the current opinions on police legitimacy and how to overcome this using a procedurally just approach.
+ info
+ info
+ info
BACK TO TOPICS
Cross-cultural differences within society and policing marginalised people
Cultural differences in society
Click the link below to view a video summarising the Census 2021 ethnic group, national identity, language and religion topics. It also highlight some of the most important and interesting data from it.
+ info
Policing marginalised people
The Department for International Development define marginalised groups as "ethnic minorities, women and girls, people with physical and mental disabilities, and Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer and Intersex (LGBTQI) people". Click the link below to view the different support organisations.
+ info
BACK TO TOPICS
End of Unit
Thank you for completing this online learning unit.
Role of the Police
- Saving life and preventing further harm, alongside other emergency services.
- Coordinating the response phase, including activating Strategic Coordination Groups (SCGs).
- Securing and preserving the scene, managing traffic, and facilitating evacuations.
- Investigating criminal offences, gathering evidence, and supporting the coroner in casualty management.
- Communicating with the public and media, ensuring accurate and timely information is shared
Operational impact
Applying JESIP ensures that:
- Resources are used efficiently.
- Conflicting priorities between agencies are reconciled.
- Public safety is prioritised through unified action.
- Lessons from past incidents are incorporated into future planning.
- Failure to apply JESIP can result in fragmented responses, duplication of effort, and increased risk to life and property. Its consistent use is essential for maintaining public confidence and ensuring accountability in emergency management.
Importance of JESIP
JESIP enhances the effectiveness of multi-agency responses by promoting five key principles:
- Co-locate: Agencies should work from a shared location to improve coordination.
- Communicate: Clear, consistent communication reduces misunderstandings.
- Coordinate: Joint decision-making ensures aligned priorities and actions.
- Jointly understand risk: Shared risk assessments help manage threats effectively.
- Shared situational awareness: A common operational picture enables informed decisions
The Joint Doctrine developed by JESIP provides practical guidance for applying these principles during all phases of an incident—whether spontaneous or planned. It includes tools like the M/ETHANE reporting format and the Joint Decision Model (JDM), which help responders assess situations, share information, and make collaborative decisions.
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Transcript
ONLINE LEARNING
Cohort 11 - November 2026
BEGIN
Response Policing
ONLINE LEARNING
This module must be completed to comply with the Police Constable Entry Programme (PECP) curriculum on the National Graduate Leadership Programme. The module should take around 90 minutes to complete and does not need to completed all at once. You can return to the module as often as you like. Please aim to complete this module by Thursday 31st December.
CONTENT WARNING
Today we will be learning and talking about response policing. Some of the content may be emotive and for some may cause upset and distress. Please look after yourselves during this online learning. We are here if you need to talk.
Evaluate the importance of crowd psychology on policing approaches in public order incidents. Analyse the role of the police within a joint emergency services incident. Apply practical policing skills when attending an incident as a first responder
PCEP OBJECTIVES
Crowd psychology and how this informs public order tactics and policing approaches
Theories of the psychology of human behaviour
Humans are complex and have complex behaviours. As police officers on response, you will likely engage with a variety of different behaviours. It is important to note that these behaviours have multiple reasons for why they occur. Psychological perspectives, such as the ones outlined on this slide, help to suggest why people behave in certain ways.
Social learning theory
Behaviourist approach
Cognitive apporach
Biological approach
Psychodynamic approach
Humanistic approach
BACK TO TOPICS
Click here to draw >
Check your answers
Crowd Psychology
Another psychological theory worth understanding is crowd psychology. Although there is no single, agreed or detailed definition of a crowd, you may find yourself policing a crowd. Drag the definition to the correct term and then check your answers.
A crowd attacking, terrorising, or rioting with no consideration for the law or the rights of other people
Spectator crowd
A crowd watching an event that they have come to the location to see, or that they happen to discover once there
Demonstrator crowd
A crowd in which people’s physical movement rapidly decreases – to the point of impossibility – due to high crowd density
Dense/suffocating crowd
A crowd, often with a recognised leader, organised for a specific reason or event, to picket, demonstrate, march, or chant
Violent crowd
Crowd Psychology - Answers
BACK TO TOPICS
Check to see if you matched the crowd type to the correct description.The correct answers are below.
A crowd watching an event that they have come to the location to see, or that they happen to discover once there
Spectator crowd
A crowd, often with a recognised leader, organised for a specific reason or event, to picket, demonstrate, march, or chant
Demonstrator crowd
A crowd in which people’s physical movement rapidly decreases – to the point of impossibility – due to high crowd density
Dense/suffocating crowd
A crowd attacking, terrorising, or rioting with no consideration for the law or the rights of other people
Violent crowd
Crowd Psychology - Elaborated Social Identity Model (ESIM)
The impact of interactions (such as the tendency for conflict) between crowds and other groups, such as the police, on crowd behaviours can be explained by the Elaborated Social Identity Model of crowd behaviour (ESIM). During a crowd event, the social position of crowd members will change because of interactions between the crowd and external groups. If there is an imbalance between the way in which the crowd and the police perceive the crowd’s social position – e.g., if the police perceive the whole crowd to be troublesome whereas the crowd perceive themselves to be peaceful protesters – conflict is more likely to result. ESIM theory also suggests conflict is more likely if the police not only view the whole crowd as troublesome but treat them as such. The crowd, perceiving their treatment by police to not only be illegitimate but also indiscriminate, may come to adopt a more inclusive self-categorisation and form a united mass, overpowering any previous barriers between differing groups within the crowd – most notably the peaceful majority and the troublesome minority. Consequently, the united crowd will feel empowered to act against the police and express hostility and antisocial behaviours. As a result, the perception of the police may become self-fulfilling – i.e., in perceiving and treating the whole crowd as troublesome and, thereby, acting to prevent disorder, the police may serve to create disorder.
next page
Crowd Psychology
BACK TO TOPICS
QUESTION 1
Taking into account the ESIM, how would you reduce the risk of conflict between a response police officer and a crowd containing some individuals who are displaying anti-social behaviour? (If you select the correct answer it will take you to the next page).
The use of differentiating between individuals behaving legitimately and illegitimately, and to treat each group accordingly
The use of heavy handed tactics based on prior expectations and assumptions of violent intentions
The use of high-profile and policing tactics which are not information-led
Importance of applying JESIP at a joint emergency services incident
Importance of applying JESIP at a joint emergency services incident
The role of the police
In joint emergency services incidents, the role of the police is multifaceted and critical to ensuring a coordinated and effective response. The Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Principles (JESIP) provide a nationally recognised framework that underpins how police, fire, and ambulance services work together during major or complex incidents. According to the College of Policing, JESIP must be embedded in police contingency planning and operational practice to ensure interoperability and meet legal obligations under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004
Importance of JESIP
Operational impact
Question
Apply practical policing skills when attending an incident as a first responder
Negotiating and Influencing in complex response situations
In response policing, you will have to negotiate and influence people, including those displaying anti-social behaviours individually or within crowds. An example model of how you can do this is MOREPIES. This mnemonic was developed by the FBI to help crisis negotiators remember the key steps involved in active listening when they are under pressure. The model may be useful to create a channel for negotiation and influence to occur.
M O R E P I E S
NEXT PAGE
Skills, tactics and tools for exerting emotional influence
Betari's Box model can be applied in every polciing intercation - including in your response phase.
BACK TO TOPICS
Public perceptions of policing in a response context
Occupational Culture
Integrity and Corruption
Diversity
Although Occupational Culture is difficult to define, Cockcroft (2012) delves into the themes and concepts of Occupational Culture in the Police. Click the link below to read more.
The previous section, Occupational Culture, mentioned Noble Cause Corruption. Click the link below to find out more.
Click the link below to find out more about the proportion of BAME Police Officers in England and Wales.
+ info
+ info
+ info
NEXT PAGE
Public perceptions of policing in a response context
Fear of crime and safety
Satisfaction and confidence
Procedural justice and legitimacy
In February to March 2022, the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN) asked people about their current perceptions of safety in the last 12 months. The findings have been compared with those from June 2021, Click below to find out more.
Click the link below to view an excerpt from the Legitimacy & Confidence in Policing breifing doucment (June 2022)
Click the link below to explore the current opinions on police legitimacy and how to overcome this using a procedurally just approach.
+ info
+ info
+ info
BACK TO TOPICS
Cross-cultural differences within society and policing marginalised people
Cultural differences in society
Click the link below to view a video summarising the Census 2021 ethnic group, national identity, language and religion topics. It also highlight some of the most important and interesting data from it.
+ info
Policing marginalised people
The Department for International Development define marginalised groups as "ethnic minorities, women and girls, people with physical and mental disabilities, and Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer and Intersex (LGBTQI) people". Click the link below to view the different support organisations.
+ info
BACK TO TOPICS
End of Unit
Thank you for completing this online learning unit.
Role of the Police
Operational impact
Applying JESIP ensures that:
Importance of JESIP
JESIP enhances the effectiveness of multi-agency responses by promoting five key principles:
- Co-locate: Agencies should work from a shared location to improve coordination.
- Communicate: Clear, consistent communication reduces misunderstandings.
- Coordinate: Joint decision-making ensures aligned priorities and actions.
- Jointly understand risk: Shared risk assessments help manage threats effectively.
- Shared situational awareness: A common operational picture enables informed decisions
The Joint Doctrine developed by JESIP provides practical guidance for applying these principles during all phases of an incident—whether spontaneous or planned. It includes tools like the M/ETHANE reporting format and the Joint Decision Model (JDM), which help responders assess situations, share information, and make collaborative decisions.