Strategic Financing and Economic Analysis for Ecosystem Restoration
Task 14: Tools to support accounting for nature and restoration
Start
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like?
Effective stakeholder engagement is not just about inviting people to a meeting or collecting signatures of attendance. It’s about creating genuine spaces for participation — spaces where rights holders and stakeholders can actively shape decisions and outcomes.
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
Up next
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
Truly meaningful participation is structured, inclusive, and transparent. That means embedding it into decision-making — not treating it as an afterthought. Key elements include:
Role clarity and responsibilities
Structures that support participation
Transparent decision-making processes
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Up next
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
When developing your stakeholder involvement framework, consider the following questions:
- How will the group be structured? (Fully empowered management entity, advisory body, subset of the management committee, ad hoc group)
- How will decisions be made? (Majority vote, consensus, input received but decisions made by responsible party)
- What is the membership of the group?(One representative from each locality or interest group, cross-section of the residents)
- What are the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders? (Outreach, selection of management options, representation of larger constituencies, preparation of reports)
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Up next
References
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Here are some widely used tools to help design and manage inclusive engagement processes:
Click each tool to access its resource.
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Up next
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
For Indigenous Peoples, FPIC is a recognized right — not just a best practice. It means that communities have the right to give or withhold consent to projects that may affect them or their territories.
What does FPIC mean?
Steps for Securing FPIC
Up next
References
Steps for Securing FPIC
While the process varies by context, key steps typically include:
- Preparation
- Consultation with local officials
- Recruitment and training of local facilitators (if needed)
- Awareness raising
- Meetings with stakeholders (e.g., village meetings)
- Recording the decision
- Verification and evaluation
Considerations for success: FPIC is more likely to be accepted when aligned with national legal frameworks on citizen rights. It should be viewed as a learning process, designed based on local needs and preferences.
Want more? Explore FPIC implementation in three REDD+ projects in Vietnam, where different interpretations shaped outcomes.
See case study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Up next
References
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Click on each tool to learn more.
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Up next
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Effective ecosystem restoration requires more than scientific data and modern methodologies — it calls for the wisdom, experience, and knowledge of the people who know the land best. This includes Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), held by Indigenous communities, and Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), carried by local populations across diverse landscapes. TEK and LEK are not simply "nice to have" additions. They are essential sources of ecological insight that can significantly strengthen the design, implementation, and success of restoration efforts.
Why TEK and LEK Matter for Restoration
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Up next
References
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is an evolving body of knowledge and practice acquired by Indigenous communities over thousands of years. TEK is:
- Passed down from generation to generation.
- Specific to local landscapes and ecosystems.
- Informed by strong cultural memory and sensitive to ecological change.
- Rooted in an ethic of reciprocity — the understanding that “what we do to the land, we do to ourselves.”
Defining Characteristics of TEKi
Examples of TEK in Action
Up next
References
Examples of TEK in Action
Indigenous Peoples have developed ecological practices that increase ecosystem productivity and maintain biodiversity.
Example include
These practices contribute not only to biodiversity but also to community well-being, cultural preservation, and sustainable livelihoods.i
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Up next
References
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) refers to knowledge held by local communities about their environment, especially in places where Indigenous presence has been displaced or lost. LEK often reflects practices from pre-industrial farming, water management, and subsistence hunting.i Like TEK, LEK can offer crucial insights into:
- Local species and ecosystem dynamics.
- Historical land use patterns.
- Effective resource management strategies that can inform restoration work.
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Up next
References
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
In Panchase, Nepal, local communities used their ecological knowledge to improve water availability. They:
- Fortified streambanks using local materials like mud, stones, and slate.
- Cleared weeds and debris around water sources.
- Planted vegetation with high water retention and soil stabilization capacities.
These interventions improved groundwater recharge and soil moisture, boosting the community’s resilience to climate change.i
Want more? Take a closer look at this case study.
Learn more
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Up next
References
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
In Sanzara Parish, Eastern Uganda, community members collaborated with scientists to document local knowledge and assess climate risks. Together, they:
- Created community maps identifying the most degraded areas.
- Developed a problem/solution matrix to prioritize actions.
- Established a 10-year vision map to guide restoration efforts.
This approach combined participatory learning with scientific analysis — a model for integrating LEK into long-term restoration planning.i
Want more? Learn more about this case study.
Learn more
Reflection
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Up next
References
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Women’s participation is not optional — it is critical for the success of restoration initiatives.
Why Gender Balance Matters
Steps to Include Women Effectively
Case Study
Up next
References
The process of including women in program design includes the following steps:
- EXPLORE gender issues through two-way communication with rural women. Recognize that the needs, values, and contribution of women and men may not be the same. As a result, there may be differential impacts of programs.i
- INVESTIGATE practice, traditions, taboos, and time constraints that women face. Understanding and acknowledgment will be important in addressing these constraints.i
- PROMOTE the roles and responsibilities that women can and do play in ecosystem restoration interventions at various scales. Identify and analyze the actions of programs that can either be inclusive or exclusive.i
- EXCHANGE information with individuals at every level, with local women on restoration interventions, with practitioners on involving women, and with policy-makers on women's roles in restoration.i
- SUPPORT women's groups. Women’s groups can help women gain access to decision-making and political processes, and can strengthen women's support for one another.i
- WORK TOGETHER. Ensuring that women are included where land is privatized, and seeking creative solutions for landless women can open new opportunities for more sustainable livelihoods, ecosystem management, and outcomes.i
- CONSULT WITH WOMEN. The introduction of new techniques, training, or species can impact women’s lives. Their needs need to be considered, and the impact of new techniques, strategies, or species on women's lives needs to be evaluated.i
References
Case Study
Costa Rica’s Gender Action Plan for its National REDD+ Strategy demonstrates how structured efforts to address gender gaps lead to more equitable restoration outcomes.
Want more? Dive deeper into this case study.
Learn more
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Up next
Costa Rica has made great progress in establishing environmental sector public policies that have led to a clear trend toward restoration of the forest cover in recent decades. Review a report summarizing the process of developing the Costa Rican Gender Action Plan (GAP) for the National REDD+ Strategy, the outcomes obtained, and the actions proposed to address gender gaps and enhance gender-differentiated opportunities in forest landscape and ecosystem restoration.
References
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Click on each tool to access the tool.
Reflection
Up next
Reflection
- How will you structure your stakeholder engagement process to ensure meaningful participation?
- Have you secured FPIC where required, and planned for inclusive participation of women and marginalized groups?
- Are TEK and LEK part of your planning conversations and decisions?
Close this task and proceed on your journey
Task complete
Gann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 11).
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 10).
iGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 11).
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
MacPherson, C. & Tonning, T. 2015. Getting in Step: Engaging and Involving Stakeholders in Your Watershed. Available here.
Incorporating TEK and LEK into restoration serves several key purposes:
- Rapid identification and assessment of species, successional processes, and key species interactions.
- Definition of native reference ecosystems, catalyzing restoration through the application of cultural practices such as prescribed fire, rotational grazing, and water management.
- Enhanced effectiveness in repairing degraded ecosystems through time-tested techniques and place-based knowledge.
TEK and LEK are of equal value to practitioner’s experience and scientific discovery; all are important and should be taken into consideration during the planning of your ecosystem restoration program.
- Have you considered where TEK and LEK could inform your species selection, reference ecosystem definition, or management techniques?
- How might you create space for these knowledge systems to contribute meaningfully alongside scientific research in your restoration plan?
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iSilva, J. 2021. 3 Building Blocks of Solution: Using a Participatory and Experiential Learning Approach to Incentivize and Increase the Adoption of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Measures in Eastern Uganda. Available here.
iFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Implementing a Process to Include Women. Available here.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
Examples of TEK in Action
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
World Bank. 2019. Costa Rica: Gender Action Plan For The National Redd+ Strategy. Available here.
UN-REDD Programme (2013), FAO (2015), Thu Thuy et al. (2015).
- Women often hold distinct ecological knowledge due to socially constructed roles.
- Inclusion improves community support, fosters innovation, and strengthens outcomes.
- A gender-responsive approach supports both environmental and socio-economic goals.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
- Grounded in sharing, restraint, and responsibility for the Earth.
- Promotes biodiversity conservation and enhances ecological resilience.
- Inextricably linked to cultural, spiritual, and social traditions.
- Dynamic and cumulativeii — it adapts over time while honoring ancestral knowledge.iii
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iKimmerer R. 2011. Restoration and Reciprocity: The Contributions of Traditional Ecological Knowledge. Chapter in: Human Dimensions of Ecological Restoration. Available here (p. 257–276). iiGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 11). iiiConvention on Biological Diversity. Traditional Knowledge and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available here.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
Examples of TEK in Action
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Thu Thuy, P. Castella, J. Lestrelin, G., & Nguyen Dinh, T. 2015. Adapting Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) to Local Contexts in REDD+: Lessons from Three Experiments in Vietnam. Available here (p. 11).
iSilva, J. 2021. Using Local Knowledge to Improve Water Availability in Panchase, Nepal. Available here.
ERIP 7 - Task 14
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Transcript
Strategic Financing and Economic Analysis for Ecosystem Restoration
Task 14: Tools to support accounting for nature and restoration
Start
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like?
Effective stakeholder engagement is not just about inviting people to a meeting or collecting signatures of attendance. It’s about creating genuine spaces for participation — spaces where rights holders and stakeholders can actively shape decisions and outcomes.
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
Up next
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
Truly meaningful participation is structured, inclusive, and transparent. That means embedding it into decision-making — not treating it as an afterthought. Key elements include:
Role clarity and responsibilities
Structures that support participation
Transparent decision-making processes
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Up next
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
When developing your stakeholder involvement framework, consider the following questions:
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Up next
References
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Here are some widely used tools to help design and manage inclusive engagement processes:
Click each tool to access its resource.
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Up next
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
For Indigenous Peoples, FPIC is a recognized right — not just a best practice. It means that communities have the right to give or withhold consent to projects that may affect them or their territories.
What does FPIC mean?
Steps for Securing FPIC
Up next
References
Steps for Securing FPIC
While the process varies by context, key steps typically include:
- Preparation
- Consultation with local officials
- Recruitment and training of local facilitators (if needed)
- Awareness raising
- Meetings with stakeholders (e.g., village meetings)
- Recording the decision
- Verification and evaluation
Considerations for success: FPIC is more likely to be accepted when aligned with national legal frameworks on citizen rights. It should be viewed as a learning process, designed based on local needs and preferences.Want more? Explore FPIC implementation in three REDD+ projects in Vietnam, where different interpretations shaped outcomes.
See case study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Up next
References
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Click on each tool to learn more.
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Up next
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Effective ecosystem restoration requires more than scientific data and modern methodologies — it calls for the wisdom, experience, and knowledge of the people who know the land best. This includes Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), held by Indigenous communities, and Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), carried by local populations across diverse landscapes. TEK and LEK are not simply "nice to have" additions. They are essential sources of ecological insight that can significantly strengthen the design, implementation, and success of restoration efforts.
Why TEK and LEK Matter for Restoration
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Up next
References
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is an evolving body of knowledge and practice acquired by Indigenous communities over thousands of years. TEK is:
Defining Characteristics of TEKi
Examples of TEK in Action
Up next
References
Examples of TEK in Action
Indigenous Peoples have developed ecological practices that increase ecosystem productivity and maintain biodiversity.
Example include
These practices contribute not only to biodiversity but also to community well-being, cultural preservation, and sustainable livelihoods.i
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Up next
References
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) refers to knowledge held by local communities about their environment, especially in places where Indigenous presence has been displaced or lost. LEK often reflects practices from pre-industrial farming, water management, and subsistence hunting.i Like TEK, LEK can offer crucial insights into:
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Up next
References
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
In Panchase, Nepal, local communities used their ecological knowledge to improve water availability. They:
- Planted vegetation with high water retention and soil stabilization capacities.
These interventions improved groundwater recharge and soil moisture, boosting the community’s resilience to climate change.iWant more? Take a closer look at this case study.
Learn more
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Up next
References
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
In Sanzara Parish, Eastern Uganda, community members collaborated with scientists to document local knowledge and assess climate risks. Together, they:
This approach combined participatory learning with scientific analysis — a model for integrating LEK into long-term restoration planning.i
Want more? Learn more about this case study.
Learn more
Reflection
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Up next
References
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Women’s participation is not optional — it is critical for the success of restoration initiatives.
Why Gender Balance Matters
Steps to Include Women Effectively
Case Study
Up next
References
The process of including women in program design includes the following steps:
References
Case Study
Costa Rica’s Gender Action Plan for its National REDD+ Strategy demonstrates how structured efforts to address gender gaps lead to more equitable restoration outcomes.
Want more? Dive deeper into this case study.
Learn more
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Up next
Costa Rica has made great progress in establishing environmental sector public policies that have led to a clear trend toward restoration of the forest cover in recent decades. Review a report summarizing the process of developing the Costa Rican Gender Action Plan (GAP) for the National REDD+ Strategy, the outcomes obtained, and the actions proposed to address gender gaps and enhance gender-differentiated opportunities in forest landscape and ecosystem restoration.
References
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Click on each tool to access the tool.
Reflection
Up next
Reflection
Close this task and proceed on your journey
Task complete
Gann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 11).
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 10).
iGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 11).
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
MacPherson, C. & Tonning, T. 2015. Getting in Step: Engaging and Involving Stakeholders in Your Watershed. Available here.
Incorporating TEK and LEK into restoration serves several key purposes:
- Enhanced effectiveness in repairing degraded ecosystems through time-tested techniques and place-based knowledge.
TEK and LEK are of equal value to practitioner’s experience and scientific discovery; all are important and should be taken into consideration during the planning of your ecosystem restoration program.Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iSilva, J. 2021. 3 Building Blocks of Solution: Using a Participatory and Experiential Learning Approach to Incentivize and Increase the Adoption of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Measures in Eastern Uganda. Available here.
iFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Implementing a Process to Include Women. Available here.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
Examples of TEK in Action
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
World Bank. 2019. Costa Rica: Gender Action Plan For The National Redd+ Strategy. Available here.
UN-REDD Programme (2013), FAO (2015), Thu Thuy et al. (2015).
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
Examples of TEK in Action
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
iKimmerer R. 2011. Restoration and Reciprocity: The Contributions of Traditional Ecological Knowledge. Chapter in: Human Dimensions of Ecological Restoration. Available here (p. 257–276). iiGann G.D., Mcdonald T., Walder B., Aronson J., Nelson C.R., Jonson J., Hallet J.G., Eisenberg C., Guariguata M.R., Liu J., Hua F., Eheverria C., Gonzales E., Shaw N., Decleer K., Dixon K.W. 2019. International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration. Second Edition. Restoration Ecology (27(S1): 1-46). Available here (p. 11). iiiConvention on Biological Diversity. Traditional Knowledge and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available here.
Section overview
Start
What Is Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?
What Does Meaningful Engagement Look Like? (...)
Examples of TEK in Action
What Makes Engagement Meaningful?
What Is Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)?
Stakeholder Involvement Framework
Case Study: Nepal — Strengthening Water Systems with LEK
Tools for Stakeholder Engagement
Case Study: Uganda — Participatory Mapping and Planning
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Gender Balance and Inclusion
Steps for Securing FPIC
Case Study
Tools for Securing FPIC and Inclusive Engagement
Key Tools for Gender Balance
Incorporating TEK and LEK into Restoration Planning
Reflection
Thu Thuy, P. Castella, J. Lestrelin, G., & Nguyen Dinh, T. 2015. Adapting Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) to Local Contexts in REDD+: Lessons from Three Experiments in Vietnam. Available here (p. 11).
iSilva, J. 2021. Using Local Knowledge to Improve Water Availability in Panchase, Nepal. Available here.