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Numbering System & Symbols Library - Input/Output

Owen Davis

Created on October 17, 2025

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Transcript

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Fuse (fb)

  • Protects downstream circuits/devices from overcurrent.
  • Melts when current exceeds a rated value, breaking the circuit.
  • Ensures faults don’t damage equipment or wiring.
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Fused Terminal Block (FTB)

  • Combines a wire termination point with built-in fuse protection.
  • Provides both connection and circuit protection in one device.
  • Simplifies panel wiring while adding safety.
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Limit Switch (LS)

  • Detects physical movement or position of a machine part (e.g., end of conveyor travel).
  • Used for interlocks, safety stops, and machine sequencing.
  • Often has mechanical actuators like levers, rollers, or plungers.
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Level Switch (LVS)

  • Detects the presence or height of a material (liquid or bulk solid) at a certain level.
  • Used for tank overfill protection, pump control, and material handling.
  • Can be float-based, capacitance-based, or ultrasonic.
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Contact, Normally Open

  • A switch/contact that is open by default and closes when actuated.
  • Allows current only when the controlling device activates.
  • Used for enabling circuits, start buttons, or PLC inputs.
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Contact, Normally Closed

  • A switch/contact that is closed by default and opens when actuated.
  • Provides current flow until the device changes state.
  • Used for stop circuits, fail-safe conditions, and safety interlocks.
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Pushbutton (PB), 3-position

  • Operator input device with three selectable states (e.g., Forward–Off–Reverse).
  • Used where two actions need to be controlled from one button.
  • May be maintained (stays in position) or momentary (returns to center).
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2-Wire Photoeye (ZS), Schematic

  • Optical sensor that detects presence/absence using a light beam.
  • Two-wire version acts like a series-connected switch (simpler wiring).
  • Often used for detecting objects on conveyors or packaging lines.
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3-Wire Photoeye (ZS)

  • Optical sensor with separate power, ground, and output wire.
  • Allows sourcing/sinking logic and faster, more reliable detection.
  • Most common photoeye wiring type in modern systems.
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Pilot Light (PL)

  • Provides visual indication of machine or circuit status.
  • Commonly used for “Power On,” “Fault,” “Running,” etc.
  • Improves operator awareness and troubleshooting.
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2-Wire Proximity Switch (PRS), Schematic

  • Non-contact sensor that detects presence of a target (metal for inductive, anything for capacitive).
  • Two-wire version wired in series with the load, similar to a mechanical switch.
  • Used for end stops, object detection, and position sensing.
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3-Wire Proximity Switch (PRS)

  • Non-contact sensor with separate power, ground, and output.
  • Offers faster response and compatibility with PLC input cards.
  • More flexible than 2-wire for industrial automation.
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Pressure Switch (PS)

  • Detects when fluid/air pressure reaches a setpoint.
  • Provides an electrical signal for control (e.g., start a compressor at low pressure, stop at high).
  • Common in pneumatics, hydraulics, and process control.
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Shielded Cable, 2-Wire

  • Two-conductor cable with a conductive shield layer.
  • Reduces electrical noise and interference (important for sensors and analog signals).
  • Used where signal integrity is critical.
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Selector Switch (SS), 2-Position

  • Operator control switch with two maintained positions (e.g., On–Off).
  • Often used for manual/auto modes or start/stop functions.
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Selector Switch (SS), 3-Position

  • Operator control switch with three maintained positions (e.g., Forward–Off–Reverse).
  • Provides more control options from one device.
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Selector Switch (SS), 3-Position Spring Return to Center

  • Similar to the 3-position selector, but automatically returns to the center (neutral) when released.
  • Often used for jogging motors or momentary operations.
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Solenoid Valve (XCV)

  • Electromagnetically actuated valve that controls fluid or air flow.
  • Used to drive cylinders, actuators, or direct process flows.
  • A critical “output” device in pneumatics/hydraulics.
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Temperature Switch (TS)

  • Detects when temperature reaches a preset threshold.
  • Provides on/off control for heaters, fans, or alarms.
  • Common in HVAC, process heating, and safety shutdowns.
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