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Osteoporosis - landscape

Madeleine Kochis

Created on October 16, 2025

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Transcript

Instructions

This self-assessment study guide has 5 questions, each written using learning objectives from your Osteoporosis lecture. Not all learning objectives are covered. Participation/scores are not monitored. FYI this program makes noise sometimes.

Symbols

A lightbulb in the top right corner of a page indicates that the page contains answers or explanations.

Question 1

Read patient case on next page, then press "OK" to begin answering the questions. There are 3 questions and you will have access to the patient information as you answer.

Begin

Q1

Patient information: Patient is a 66-year-old postmenopausal female presenting for an annual wellness visit. No fracture history.

Medications

  • Metformin 500 mg BID
  • Atorvastatixn 40 mg once daily
  • Omeprazole 20 mg BID

Social History

  • 1-2 drinks per week
  • Doesn't smoke

Past Medical History

  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • GERD

Labs/vitals

BP

Height

Weight

CrCl

128/68 mmHg

5'2"

120 lb

65 mL/min

OK

Q1

Advanced age (>65)

Patient information: Patient is a 66-year-old postmenopausal female presenting for an annual wellness visit. No fracture history.

Medications

  • Metformin 500 mg BID
  • Atorvastatixn 40 mg once daily
  • Omeprazole 20 mg BID

Social History

  • 1-2 drinks per week
  • Doesn't smoke

PPI (secondary)

Past Medical History

  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • GERD

Labs/vitals

BP

Height

Weight

CrCl

128/68 mmHg

5'2"

120 lb

65 mL/min

T2DM (secondary)

Low body weight (<120 lb)

Click to select risk factors that his patient has that increase her risk for osteoporosis and fractures.

Reveal risk factors

Q1

Patient information: Patient is a 66-year-old postmenopausal female presenting for an annual wellness visit. No fracture history.

Medications

  • Metformin 500 mg BID
  • Atorvastatixn 40 mg once daily
  • Omeprazole 20 mg BID

Social History

  • 1-2 drinks per week
  • Doesn't smoke

Past Medical History

  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • GERD

Labs/vitals

BP

Height

Weight

CrCl

128/68 mmHg

5'2"

120 lb

65 mL/min

Is osteoporosis screening recommended in this patient?

Q1

Patient information: Patient is a 66-year-old postmenopausal female presenting for an annual wellness visit. No fracture history.

Medications

  • Metformin 500 mg BID
  • Atorvastatixn 40 mg once daily
  • Omeprazole 20 mg BID

Social History

  • 1-2 drinks per week
  • Doesn't smoke

Past Medical History

  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • GERD

Labs/vitals

BP

Height

Weight

CrCl

128/68 mmHg

5'2"

120 lb

65 mL/min

Given T-scores and FRAX assessment results above, is pharmacologic treatment recommended for this patient?

Q1

Explanation: This patient does not meet diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis and pharmacologic treatment is not recommended.

  • The patient does NOT have a history of hip or vertebral fracture
  • The patient does NOT have a T-score ≤-2.5 at lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, or 1/3 radius
  • The patient does have a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 in spine, femoral nec, and total hip, but she does NOT have high FRAX probabilities (≥3% for hip, ≥20% for major osteoporotic fractures) or a prior fragility fracture

Question 2

Choose the correct options to complete each statement regarding calcium and vitamin D. There are five statements over two pages.

Begin

Q2

Complete the sentences using the terms on the right. Press send to check correctness.

Q2

Choose the correct term to complete each sentence.

Question 3

For each description, choose the medication that best matches from the options on the right.

Begin

Q3

Question 4

For each patient (A-D) on the following page, select the most appropriate thearpy from listed options.

Example:

T-scores

Patient X

hover to see T-scores

Information on risk and fracture history

Information on current osteoporosis medications/medication preferences

Creatinine clearance

Q4

T-scores

Patient A

T-scores

Patient B

Very high risk

  • Yearly DXA assessment shows worsening BMD (progression of bone loss)

High risk, no fracture history

Current therapy: alendronate 10 mg once daily

  • Experiencing mild heartburn daily
  • Fear of injectables

Current therapy: denosumab

  • Confirmed adherence to regimen

CrCl: 80 mL/min

CrCl: 90 mL/min

Patient C

Patient D

T-scores

T-scores

High risk, no fracture history

High risk, no fracture history

Current therapy: none

Current therapy: none

  • Patient wants PO formulation
  • Patient refusees bisphosphonate

CrCl: 75 mL/min

CrCl: 28 mL/min

Q4

T-scores

Patient A

T-scores

Patient B

Very high risk

  • Yearly DXA assessment shows worsening BMD (progression of bone loss)

High risk, no fracture history

Current therapy: alendronate 10 mg once daily

  • Experiencing mild heartburn daily
  • Fear of injectables

Current therapy: denosumab

  • Confirmed adherence to regimen

CrCl: 80 mL/min

CrCl: 90 mL/min

Correct answer: abaloparatide 80 mcg daily

  • This patient is on an injectable antiresorptive (denosumab) and is failing treatment. If patient is adherent to medications and secondary factors are ruled out, therapy should be escalated from denosumab to an anabolic drug (see algorithm). Abaloparatide is the only anabolic option in the list.

Correct answer: alendrondate 70 mcg weekly

  • Common GI adverse effects of bisphosphonates include heartburn and dyspepsia. Switching to less frequent administration is an appropriate management strategy (alendronate daily → alendronate weekly). Switching to an IV bisphosphonate or SQ denosumab would be appropriate strategies as well; however, this patient has a fear of injectable therapy so a switch to less frequent bisphosphonate administration would be reasonable to try first.

Patient C

Patient D

T-scores

T-scores

High risk, no fracture history

High risk, no fracture history

Current therapy: none

Current therapy: none

  • Patient wants PO formulation
  • Patient refusees bisphosphonate

CrCl: 75 mL/min

CrCl: 28 mL/min

Correct answer: raloxifene 60 mg daily

  • Bisphosphonates are ruled out per patient preference; denosumab is ruled out per patient preference since it is not PO. The next choice for a high risk patient would be raloxifene (see algorithm). Raloxifene is only used to reduce risk of vertebral fractures. Looking at T-scores for this patient, BMD is low in spine but not hip, so raloxifene is appropriate.

Correct answer: denosumab 60 mg every 6 months

  • Due to this patient’s poor renal function, bisphosphonates should not be used. Denosumab is an option for initial therapy that doesn’t require renal dose adjustments.

Q5

72-year-old male who takes methylprednisolone 12 mg daily for past year for polymyalgia rheumatica

HIGH RISK

Prednisone equivalent = 15 mg15 mg/day x 365 = 5,475 mg/yr

<30 mg daily≥5 g cumulative yearly dose

→→

65 year-old female who takes methylprednisolone 32 mg daily for rheumatoid arthritis for past 6 months

Prednisone equivalent = 40 mg

HIGH RISK

≥30 mg daily

52-year-old female who takes prednisone 5 mg daily following kidney transplant with plan to continue indefinitely

Prednisone equivalent = 5 mg5 mg/day x 365 = 1,825 mg/yr

<30 mg daily<5 g cumulative yearly dose

→→

28-year-old male who takes prednisone 40 mg daily for 7 days for gout flare

Prednisone equivalent = 5 mg

≥30 mg daily - however, duration is <3 months

33-year-old male who has needed steroid burst 4 times in past year - each burst included dexamethasone 4 mg daily for 7 days

Prednisone equivalent = 26.7 mg26.7 mg/day x 7 days/week = 187 mg/week x 4 weeks/year = 748 mg/yr

<30 mg daily<5 g cumulative yearly dose

→→