Behaviourism Presentation
Awaken the magic of your ideas with the power of Genially
Paragraph 1:-Ryle criticised dualists as they are creating something else to explain dualism. - Ryle attacks the idea that there could be an separate substance in the world by giving an analogy. He gives an example of 2 american tourists who ask to see a university. They are shown to the lecture halls but then ask where is the university though, when shown the library they still want to see the university. Ryle argues that the tourists have make a category error by thinking that the university is one thing just as we believe that the mind is one thing. When we look at the brain we can see multiple different parts working together but they are all physical. To believe that the mind is a separate substance to a physical brain is to create what ryle calls a ghost in the machine. behaviourism says that the only thing that exists is physical specifically behaviour. But dualism says they are two completely different substances because behaviourism says mental states exist as behaviour. -ryle attacks the definition of mind as put foward from substance dualism that the mind is not empirically verifiable, or tangible. - from a physicialist perspective dualism is superstitious and that the mind is a series of things in your brain to create consciousness. -consciousness is just behaviour, for example; alcohol it disproves the mind and body problem in dualism as it argues there must be a link as when your body gets drunk your mind also gets drunk which sets the base that the mind must be physical
Intro:-physicalist theory -holding that only physical things exist -holds that the mind must also be a physical thing -physicalists appeal to things like matter,energy, time etc in their accounts of the world -they reject the existence of immaterial things like souls, gods, angels and of course dualist accounts of the world -physical behaviourists claim that minds are just what people say and do -this theory is often termed analytical of the meanings of the language of mind will reveal that it all boils down in the end to statements about behaviour. -behaviourism is not correct as behaviour does not reflect every mental state we are in -introspection problem that there is more in your mind than just behaviour
Imagine a digital grim journal where each page comes to life as you turn it. That's how Genially works: you turn your ideas into scenes full of movement, effects, and tricks that don't stay on the surface.
Hard Behaviourism
Each image tells its own visual spell. Swipe through the carousel and discover how, with Genially, your ideas turn into scenes full of energy, color, and movement. The magic is in every detail… you just have to make it happen.
Information on Hard Behaviourism
Soft Behaviourism info
HARD Behaviourism
this is a type of behaviourism which stems from the work of carl hempel,like ayer,was a logical positivist and believed we could reduce mental states to behaviour withous loss of meaning
in summery hard behaviourism just believes that we can deduce someones mental state purely through observing behaviour!!!
for example making the claim that my friend is happy because she has a nw puppy. i could ask her questions anmmd see if she has a new puppy.
A. paul weeps and makes such gestures B. at the question what are you doing he responds i have a toothache C. closer examination shows he has a decayed tooth D. auls blood pressure is high and his reactions are slower E. such proccesses occur in pauls central nervous system
circularity: we can only derive reason behind behaviour from mental states,and can also only give reason behind mental states behind mental states from behaviour
issues with hard behaviourism:
multiply realisability: we are disposed to act in a different ways to the same situation
for example someone knocks on the door while your home alone,you may:A. open the doorB. not open the door C. blow the door up many different people will behave differently to the ame situation which means hard behaviourism is not logical,anylitical reduction(true by definition)
Soft Behaviourism
- Soft Behaviourism is Ryle's behaviourism, the idea that behaviour is visible and empiricist, building onto that, it is also a person's disposition specifically to behaviour. Ryle uses the example of sugar dissolving in water, a sugar cube exists and hasn't dissolved yet, but has that disposition if it ever came to contact with liquid. It's a hypothetical proposition 'if' the sugar comes into contact with water it will dissolve. Applied to our behaviour, we can describe the various ways in which we may act.
- A criticism of this though, involves introspection. The word itself involves observing your own mental state to know your behaviour, but we don't do that all the time? If I have a thought, do I need to constantly look in the mirror to confirm I am thinking?
The problem comes in here that we can know our mental states without looking at our behaviour. This dives into the asymmetry of introspection and other people's behaviour. Behaviourism can't account for difference in how we gain knowledge of mental states (without looking at behaviour)!
Leading us to...
Super - Spartans!
This is another criticism to Soft Behaviourism, the Super-Spartans are people of long ago in society that felt nothing according to Putnam. As Greeks would call them, stoics. They suppress any outward expression of pain or they are so desensitised to pain they do not feel it anymore. Either way, this is something that contradicts Ryle's Behaviourism because if your behaviour can express your mental state, it is a whole convoluted argument to explain why these stoics don't feel or why they don't express it.
How to prepare your spell in 3 steps:
- Mix your ideas in the cauldron.
- Add a spark of creativity.
- Recite and surprise your audience!
Shape your ideas
Present with impact
Activate knowledge
The finishing touch of the spell: showcase your results with strength and make your presentation shine.
Every process starts with a good foundation: open your book and let ideas flow like magic.
Polish, adjust, and build: the creative power is shaped step by step until it becomes solid.
''Like the crows that announce the unknown, ideas also take flight when you share them; a spark of creativity is enough, and Genially will make them fly higher than ever.''
Inserting a video is like a visual spell: it captures attention, awakens emotions, and with the magic of Genially, transforms every second into an experience that leaves a mark.
An interactive experience where intuition, memory, and the power of Genially combine in one spell.
Interactive Question I
Interactive Question II
Remember to publish!
Do you have an idea?
Let communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to leave your audience amazed. Also highlight a specific phrase or data that sticks firmly in your audience's memory, and even embed external content that surprises: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want!
Behaviourism Presentation
Hesh
Created on October 14, 2025
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Transcript
Behaviourism Presentation
Awaken the magic of your ideas with the power of Genially
Paragraph 1:-Ryle criticised dualists as they are creating something else to explain dualism. - Ryle attacks the idea that there could be an separate substance in the world by giving an analogy. He gives an example of 2 american tourists who ask to see a university. They are shown to the lecture halls but then ask where is the university though, when shown the library they still want to see the university. Ryle argues that the tourists have make a category error by thinking that the university is one thing just as we believe that the mind is one thing. When we look at the brain we can see multiple different parts working together but they are all physical. To believe that the mind is a separate substance to a physical brain is to create what ryle calls a ghost in the machine. behaviourism says that the only thing that exists is physical specifically behaviour. But dualism says they are two completely different substances because behaviourism says mental states exist as behaviour. -ryle attacks the definition of mind as put foward from substance dualism that the mind is not empirically verifiable, or tangible. - from a physicialist perspective dualism is superstitious and that the mind is a series of things in your brain to create consciousness. -consciousness is just behaviour, for example; alcohol it disproves the mind and body problem in dualism as it argues there must be a link as when your body gets drunk your mind also gets drunk which sets the base that the mind must be physical
Intro:-physicalist theory -holding that only physical things exist -holds that the mind must also be a physical thing -physicalists appeal to things like matter,energy, time etc in their accounts of the world -they reject the existence of immaterial things like souls, gods, angels and of course dualist accounts of the world -physical behaviourists claim that minds are just what people say and do -this theory is often termed analytical of the meanings of the language of mind will reveal that it all boils down in the end to statements about behaviour. -behaviourism is not correct as behaviour does not reflect every mental state we are in -introspection problem that there is more in your mind than just behaviour
Imagine a digital grim journal where each page comes to life as you turn it. That's how Genially works: you turn your ideas into scenes full of movement, effects, and tricks that don't stay on the surface.
Hard Behaviourism
Each image tells its own visual spell. Swipe through the carousel and discover how, with Genially, your ideas turn into scenes full of energy, color, and movement. The magic is in every detail… you just have to make it happen.
Information on Hard Behaviourism
Soft Behaviourism info
HARD Behaviourism
this is a type of behaviourism which stems from the work of carl hempel,like ayer,was a logical positivist and believed we could reduce mental states to behaviour withous loss of meaning
in summery hard behaviourism just believes that we can deduce someones mental state purely through observing behaviour!!!
for example making the claim that my friend is happy because she has a nw puppy. i could ask her questions anmmd see if she has a new puppy.
A. paul weeps and makes such gestures B. at the question what are you doing he responds i have a toothache C. closer examination shows he has a decayed tooth D. auls blood pressure is high and his reactions are slower E. such proccesses occur in pauls central nervous system
circularity: we can only derive reason behind behaviour from mental states,and can also only give reason behind mental states behind mental states from behaviour
issues with hard behaviourism:
multiply realisability: we are disposed to act in a different ways to the same situation
for example someone knocks on the door while your home alone,you may:A. open the doorB. not open the door C. blow the door up many different people will behave differently to the ame situation which means hard behaviourism is not logical,anylitical reduction(true by definition)
Soft Behaviourism
- Soft Behaviourism is Ryle's behaviourism, the idea that behaviour is visible and empiricist, building onto that, it is also a person's disposition specifically to behaviour. Ryle uses the example of sugar dissolving in water, a sugar cube exists and hasn't dissolved yet, but has that disposition if it ever came to contact with liquid. It's a hypothetical proposition 'if' the sugar comes into contact with water it will dissolve. Applied to our behaviour, we can describe the various ways in which we may act.
- A criticism of this though, involves introspection. The word itself involves observing your own mental state to know your behaviour, but we don't do that all the time? If I have a thought, do I need to constantly look in the mirror to confirm I am thinking?
The problem comes in here that we can know our mental states without looking at our behaviour. This dives into the asymmetry of introspection and other people's behaviour. Behaviourism can't account for difference in how we gain knowledge of mental states (without looking at behaviour)!
Leading us to...
Super - Spartans!
This is another criticism to Soft Behaviourism, the Super-Spartans are people of long ago in society that felt nothing according to Putnam. As Greeks would call them, stoics. They suppress any outward expression of pain or they are so desensitised to pain they do not feel it anymore. Either way, this is something that contradicts Ryle's Behaviourism because if your behaviour can express your mental state, it is a whole convoluted argument to explain why these stoics don't feel or why they don't express it.
How to prepare your spell in 3 steps:
Shape your ideas
Present with impact
Activate knowledge
The finishing touch of the spell: showcase your results with strength and make your presentation shine.
Every process starts with a good foundation: open your book and let ideas flow like magic.
Polish, adjust, and build: the creative power is shaped step by step until it becomes solid.
''Like the crows that announce the unknown, ideas also take flight when you share them; a spark of creativity is enough, and Genially will make them fly higher than ever.''
Inserting a video is like a visual spell: it captures attention, awakens emotions, and with the magic of Genially, transforms every second into an experience that leaves a mark.
An interactive experience where intuition, memory, and the power of Genially combine in one spell.
Interactive Question I
Interactive Question II
Remember to publish!
Do you have an idea?
Let communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to leave your audience amazed. Also highlight a specific phrase or data that sticks firmly in your audience's memory, and even embed external content that surprises: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want!