Understanding Correlation and Causation
Objectives
Start
Story
Correlation
Causation
Practice
Summary
Story
Correlation
What is Correlation?
Definition: Correlation is a measure that describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more variables.
Not Correlated
Correlated
Correlation is often represented by the correlation coefficient r.
Property:
-1≤r≤1
Negative Correlation
Positive Correlation
Not Correlation
r<0
r>0
r≈0
Let's see some examples:
Example 2:
World population growth vs median age at 2023 is shown below. Determine the kind of correlation.
Example 1:
Studies of life expectancy vs GDP per capita are shown below. Determine the kind of correlation.
Negative correlation
Positive correlation
source:
source:
Slope as indicator of correlation sign:
Example:
Determine the type of correlation approximating the slope of the data set.
Positive correlation
Causation
What is a Causation?
Definition: Causation means one event is the direct result of another event.
Summer Heat
Example 1:
Ice cream and shark attacks both increase in summer but ice cream sales does not cause shark attacks.
increases
Shark Attacks
Ice Cream Sales
Summer heat is the direct cause of shark attacks and ice cream sales.
not correlated
Practice
Try it by yourself:
Try it by yourself:
Try it by yourself:
Try it by yourself:
Summary: Multivariate Data
Causation
Correlation
Summary: Multivariate Data
Causation
Correlation
Great job!
See you next time
Welcome 6th graders!
A journey soon begin through Social Science experiences!
6TH-INTRODUCTIONTORATIONALNUMBERS-EN © 2024 by CASURID is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
MA.912.DP.1 Summarize, represent and interpret categorical and numerical data with one and two variables. MA.912.DP.1.3 Explain the difference between correlation and causation in the contexts of both numerical and categorical data. ELA.K12.EE.1: Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning. ELA.K12.EE.1.1 Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
MATERIAL
It is highly advised to have:
- Grid paper.
- Pencils of different colors.
- Eraser.
- A rule.
- A calculator.
- Geogebra installed on your phone/tablet/computer (or use online version).
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Transcript
Understanding Correlation and Causation
Objectives
Start
Story
Correlation
Causation
Practice
Summary
Story
Correlation
What is Correlation?
Definition: Correlation is a measure that describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more variables.
Not Correlated
Correlated
Correlation is often represented by the correlation coefficient r.
Property:
-1≤r≤1
Negative Correlation
Positive Correlation
Not Correlation
r<0
r>0
r≈0
Let's see some examples:
Example 2: World population growth vs median age at 2023 is shown below. Determine the kind of correlation.
Example 1: Studies of life expectancy vs GDP per capita are shown below. Determine the kind of correlation.
Negative correlation
Positive correlation
source:
source:
Slope as indicator of correlation sign:
Example: Determine the type of correlation approximating the slope of the data set.
Positive correlation
Causation
What is a Causation?
Definition: Causation means one event is the direct result of another event.
Summer Heat
Example 1: Ice cream and shark attacks both increase in summer but ice cream sales does not cause shark attacks.
increases
Shark Attacks
Ice Cream Sales
Summer heat is the direct cause of shark attacks and ice cream sales.
not correlated
Practice
Try it by yourself:
Try it by yourself:
Try it by yourself:
Try it by yourself:
Summary: Multivariate Data
Causation
Correlation
Summary: Multivariate Data
Causation
Correlation
Great job!
See you next time
Welcome 6th graders!
A journey soon begin through Social Science experiences!
6TH-INTRODUCTIONTORATIONALNUMBERS-EN © 2024 by CASURID is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
MA.912.DP.1 Summarize, represent and interpret categorical and numerical data with one and two variables. MA.912.DP.1.3 Explain the difference between correlation and causation in the contexts of both numerical and categorical data. ELA.K12.EE.1: Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning. ELA.K12.EE.1.1 Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
MATERIAL
It is highly advised to have: