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Lines of Faith: An astrolabe in pieces

History of Science M

Created on October 11, 2025

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An astrolabe in pieces

Alidade

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

For taking observations, and measurements, like the height of stars or the sun in the sky.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Astrolabes typically have several parts. On the back is the alidade, a ruler with sights for taking observations. On the front, the delicate framework of the rete rotates over a stack of circular plates hidden away inside the instrument’s body. The rete is celestial: it captures the sun and stars. The plates are terrestrial: each is for a specific latitude. To swap out the plates and bring a different one to the top is to travel to a new place.

Subtitle

Rete

Astrolabe by Muhammad ibn Sa`id as-Sabban, Guadalajara, 1081/2Inv. 52473

Map of the sun and stars with pointers showing the brightest stars. Rete is the Latin word for "net".

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Plate

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

Represents our latitude (position on Earth north or south of the equator).

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Astronomy in the service of Islam

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Performing daily prayers is one of the five pillars of Islam. The times are defined by astronomical phenomena such as dawn and by shadow lengths. The astrolabe was adapted to determine these times in different places, throughout the year. Prayer should be towards the Ka'aba in Mecca. Before the era of compasses (and now smartphone apps), astronomers devised ingenious graphs which allowed the qibla to be determined by observing the sun. One such graph can be found on the reverse of an astrolabe on display in Lines of Faith.

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

Heavenly Beauty

Beautiful design

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

The maker has covered nearly every surface with rich decoration.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

A single astrolabe could be worked on by many different makers, each bringing their own expertise to the exquisitely crafted object. Some were signed not only by the maker but also by a calligrapher, and even occasionally by an astronomer, to certify the highest quality of both script and design. One of the most celebrated astrolabe makers was Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi. The rich surface decoration of his astrolabe is matched by the elegance and balance of its design. The inset silver on one of its plates underlines the high status of its first owner.

Subtitle

Sign your name

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

The maker added his signature on the back of the astrolabe.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Hunter's astrolabe

Astrolabe ('Hunter's astrolabe') Persian, 1600s Inv. 54607

Title

A scene probably designed to reflect the hobbies of its wealthy owner

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Circles and Stars

View from outer space

Celestial Globe Indo-Persian?, c. 1700? Inv. 47262

Celestial globes look back at the Earth from outside the fixed stars.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

In the forms of the objects in Lines of Faith we can see the grand made miniature. Can you spot the equator and the ecliptic in these objects? The latter carries the names of the zodiac signs. Different retes are shown to explore the different styles that exist across different astrolabe makers and culture. The rete’s framework exists only to join together the star pointers and ecliptic circle, so its design is a matter of taste rather than astronomical necessity.

Subtitle

In the name of Allah

Astrolabe by Qassim `Ali Qa'inbi, Persian, 1682 Inv. 45509

The rete design includes an invocation from the Qu'ran

Title

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Subtitle

Clean and simple

Astrolabe by `Abdi, Turkish, 1713/14 Inv. 39955

Title

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The rete reflects the elegant minimalism Turkish astrolabe design.

Subtitle

The Mindful Hand

True north

Astrolabe Indo-Persian, 1600s Inv. 33411

Title

This teaching astrolabe includes a plate for 90 degrees:the North Pole.

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

The expertise to cut, file and engrave brass by hand required discipline and practice. As well as these varied practical skills, astrolabe makers also needed to have a thorough understanding geometry and astronomy. Explore the objects that help us understand how these amazing objects were created.

Subtitle

Template

Astrolabe Template Persian, 1700s Inv. 52332

Wooden astrolabe template with brass blank astrolabe in the recess.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

The Mindful Hand

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

The expertise to cut, file and engrave brass by hand required discipline and practice. As well as these varied practical skills, astrolabe makers also needed to have a thorough understanding geometry and astronomy. Explore the objects that help us understand how these amazing objects were created.

Subtitle

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

The Mindful Hand

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

The expertise to cut, file and engrave brass by hand required discipline and practice. As well as these varied practical skills, astrolabe makers also needed to have a thorough understanding geometry and astronomy. Explore the objects that help us understand how these amazing objects were created.

Subtitle

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

The Mindful Hand

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

The expertise to cut, file and engrave brass by hand required discipline and practice. As well as these varied practical skills, astrolabe makers also needed to have a thorough understanding geometry and astronomy. Explore the objects that help us understand how these amazing objects were created.

Subtitle

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

The Mindful Hand

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

The expertise to cut, file and engrave brass by hand required discipline and practice. As well as these varied practical skills, astrolabe makers also needed to have a thorough understanding geometry and astronomy. Explore the objects that help us understand how these amazing objects were created.

Subtitle

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

Call to prayer

Astrolabe Unsigned, North African, Early 1700s? Inv. 34314

Astronomy in the service of Islam

Astrolabe used to calculate the hour of prayer in the Grand Mosque in Tangier, Morocco.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Performing daily prayers is one of the five pillars of Islam. The times are defined by astronomical phenomena such as dawn and by shadow lengths. The astrolabe was adapted to determine these times in different places, throughout the year. Prayer should be towards the Ka'aba in Mecca. Before the era of compasses (and now smartphone apps), astronomers devised ingenious graphs which allowed the qibla to be determined by observing the sun. One such graph can be found on the reverse of an astrolabe on display in Lines of Faith.

Qibla

Qibla Indicator, 1700s or 1800s Inv. 43695

Muslims use qibla indicators to find the direction of the Ka'aba in Mecca for daily prayers.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Finding Mecca

Astrolabe by Muhammad Mahdi al-khadim al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1650Inv. 41763

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Graph on an astrolabe used to find the direction of Mecca.

Subtitle

Alidade

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

For taking observations, and measurements, like the height of stars or the sun in the sky.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Rete

Astrolabe by Muhammad ibn Sa`id as-Sabban, Guadalajara, 1081/2Inv. 52473

Map of the sun and stars with pointers showing the brightest stars. Rete is the Latin word for "net".

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Plate

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

Represents our latitude (position on Earth north or south of the equator).

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Alidade

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

An astrolabe in pieces

For taking observations, and measurements, like the height of stars or the sun in the sky.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Astrolabes typically have several parts. On the back is the alidade, a ruler with sights for taking observations. On the front, the delicate framework of the rete rotates over a stack of circular plates hidden away inside the instrument’s body. The rete is celestial: it captures the sun and stars. The plates are terrestrial: each is for a specific latitude. To swap out the plates and bring a different one to the top is to travel to a new place.

Rete

Astrolabe by Muhammad ibn Sa`id as-Sabban, Guadalajara, 1081/2Inv. 52473

Map of the sun and stars with pointers showing the brightest stars. Rete is the Latin word for "net".

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Plate

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

Represents our latitude (position on Earth north or south of the equator).

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Alidade

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

An astrolabe in pieces

For taking observations, and measurements, like the height of stars or the sun in the sky.

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Astrolabes typically have several parts. On the back is the alidade, a ruler with sights for taking observations. On the front, the delicate framework of the rete rotates over a stack of circular plates hidden away inside the instrument’s body. The rete is celestial: it captures the sun and stars. The plates are terrestrial: each is for a specific latitude. To swap out the plates and bring a different one to the top is to travel to a new place.

Rete

Astrolabe by Muhammad ibn Sa`id as-Sabban, Guadalajara, 1081/2Inv. 52473

Map of the sun and stars with pointers showing the brightest stars. Rete is the Latin word for "net".

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle

Plate

Astrolabeby Muhammad Mahdi al-Yazdi, Persian, c. 1660 Inv. 46886

Represents our latitude (position on Earth north or south of the equator).

Title

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Subtitle