THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND

tHE hiSTORY OF ENGLAND

1485

449

1776

THE AGE OF REVOLUTION

THE BIRTH OFA NATION

THE RENAISSANCE

1066

1660

THE MIDDLE AGES

THE 18TH CENTURY

1837-1901

VICTORIA'S REIGN

THE VICTORIAN AGE

REFORMS

PROGRESS AND CULTURAL TRENDS

VICTORIAN POETRY

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"IRISH QUESTION"

• POTATO BLIGHT (1845):casued mass emigration,mostly to the US
• A movement for Irish independence asked for HOME RULE (self goverment) ,but this was rejected by Westminster (1886)

EUROPEAN POLICY

Victoria's reign

• Britain set herself at the head of the liberal forces in Europe
• CRIMEAN WAR (1854-56) : victory for Britain and France over Russia

COLONIAL POLICY

• British Empire greatly expanded
• Britain consolidated its control over INDIA,AFRICA,SUEZ CANAL
• The Empire was the source of Britain's commercial power ,also when compared with Germany
• COMMONWEALTH OF NATION:54 member states ,all former colonies

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POLITICAL:REFORMS BILLS

• 1832 -> Middle class could vote
• 1867 -> Industrial workers could finally vote as well
• 1884 -> All male workers could vote

REFORMS

SOCIAL

• POOR LAW (1834) -> Created workhouses where the poor could live
• MINES ACT (1862) -> Made it illegal to employ women and children in mines
• TRADE UNION ACT (1875) -> Made trade unions legal

IINDUSTRY AND SCIENCE

• Advances of industry and technology:railways,steamboats,electricity,gas lighting,the telegraph
• In 1851 industry and science celebrated in the first WORLD EXPO

Progress and cultural trends

VICTORIAN COMPROMISE

• Attempt at reconciling the persuit of material happiness and the exploitation of human and natural resources under a moralistic facade

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Deals with scientific,religious and social issues of the time ,often in the form of the dramatic monologue

Victorian poetry

Alfred Tennyson -> musical grace mixed with sadness,nostalgia for a dreamy past

Pre-Raphaelites -> return to mysticism and spiritual values of Middle Ages