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Drug Court: Baltimore City

Leanna

Created on October 9, 2025

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Transcript

Evidence Based Practice:

Drug Court: Baltimore City

Leanna M. Galluzzi

START

Program Goals

The Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court was created in 1994 to offer a diversiony alternative to incarceration for drug addicted individuals.

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Who is Eligible?

Potential participants are referred to the drug court program either through the District Court, for misdemeanors, or Circuit Court, for felony offenses.

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Curriculum/Activities

Drug Treatment

Drug Testing

Judicial Monitoring

Intensive Probation Supervision

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Who Delivers This Program?

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Emphasis
Core Team

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Evaluation Research Study

LIST/PROCESSES

  • A one-year randomized study was performed in 2002
  • Two hundred and thirty two participants randomly assigned to 2 groups:
    • Drug Court Group: recieved treatment, drug testing, regular court supervision etc.
    • Control Group: recieved normal criminal justice response treatment
  • Both groups were of similar age, drug use, and criminal history

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Is Drug Court Effective?

Rearrest data

48%

64%

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Who Was Drug Tested?

Treatment DATA

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Judge Involvement

78%

7%

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Overall Impact

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The Baltimore City Crug Treatment Court succeeded in providing a structured, treatment-focused alternative to incarceration!

Manageable caseloads, close monitoring, and judicial supervision reduce recidivism and incareceration costs

Consistent treatment caused more participants to engage and break the cycle of drug use and crime

Reduced arrests, violent offenses, and jail time show the program outperforms traditional probation

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References

  • Blueprints Programs – Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development. (2017). Blueprintsprograms.org https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/programs/431999999/drug-court-baltimore-city/
  • Gottfredson, D. C., & Exum, M. L. (2002). The Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court: One-Year Results from a Randomized Study. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39(3), 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/002242780203900304
  • Program Profile: Baltimore City (Md.) Drug Treatment Court. (2011, June 13). CrimeSolutions, National Institute of Justice. https://crimesolutions.ojp.gov/ratedprograms/baltimore-city-md-drug-treatment-court

Drug Court Group

78% of drug court participants had regular status hearings and meetings with judges. Most drug court sentences were harsher on paper, however the majority, if not all, jail time was suspended pending successful completion of the program

Drug Treatment

  • Intensive Outpatient Care
  • Methadone Maintenance Clinics
  • Residential Treatment Facilities
  • Transitional Housing
  • Job and Life-Skills Training
  • Continued Education

Drug treatment is provided for by several agencies, varies in its components, and is tailored to each individual's needs.

The Drug Court group was routinely monitored and drug tested. Approximately 78% were drug tested, while only 14% of the control group were tested regularly.

Intensive Probation Supervision

  • Frequent face-to-face contacts
  • Home visits
  • Verification of employment status
  • Monitoring of violations
  • Supervision downgraded over time

Control Group

Participants in the control group had little involvement or supervision from judges. Only 7% had regular status hearings. Control group participant were also more likely to be incarcerated immediately after sentencing/status hearings.

Core Team
  • Drug Court Judge
  • Program Coordinator
  • Assistant State's Attorney
  • Assistant Public Defender
  • Probation/Parole Officers
  • Treatment Providers
  • Community Service Partners

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Drug Testing Performed in Phases

  • Phase One: Two urine samples per week
  • Pahse Two: One urine sample per week
  • Phase Three: One urine sample per month
  • Past Phase Three: Random

Judicial Monitoring

  • Status hearings approximately every two weeks
  • Sanctions and incentives to promote progess and compliance
  • Sanctions can include increased probationary monitoring and/or drug testing, or termination from the program

Programs last about two to three years and are monitored closely and frequently by a special drug court judge.

Program delivery emphasizes multi-agency coordination and collaborative decision making