Key Events & People
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Days after the Civil War ended: Lincoln was assassinated. 13th Amendment: Freed the slaves 14th Amendment: Defined citizenship 15th Amendment: Gave the right to vote to all males Conscription: Forced men to serve in the army Radical Republicans: Charles Sumner & Thaddeus Stevens President Impeached: Andrew Johnson Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came South to aid or profit Scalawags: Southerners who supported Republicans Ku Klux Klan: Terrorist group formed after Civil War Hiram Revels: African American senator from Mississippi Black Codes: Laws that restricted African Americans Elected in 1876: Rutherford B. Hayes Sharecropping: Farming system developed in South post-war
Key Questions
How was Reconstruction a success? Slavery abolished (13th Amendment) ● African Americans gained citizenship and voting rights (14th & 15th) Southern states rejoined the Union
How was Reconstruction a failure? Rise of the KKK and Black Codes Segregation (Jim Crow laws) Economic hardship for freedmen and sharecroppers
● ● ●
Module 11: Westward Expansion & the Frontier
Authors & Reformers
● ● ● ● ●
Mark Twain – The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County Jack London – Call of the Wild and White Fang (no gold found) Mary Elizabeth Lease – Populist; said “plant less corn and raise more hell” Benjamin “Pap” Singleton – Led African Americans to Kansas Oliver Hudson Kelley – Founded the Grange (Patrons of Husbandry)
Western Conflicts & Native American Leaders
● ● ● ● ●
Captain William Fetterman – Killed at “Battle of the Hundred Slain” George Custer – Died at the Battle of the Little Bighorn Crazy Horse – Native leader at Fetterman Massacre and Little Bighorn Sitting Bull – Captured near Canadian border Treaty of Fort Laramie – Sioux agreed to reservations, whites closed Bozeman Trail
Key Events & Terms
Sand Creek Massacre: Over 150 Native Americans (mostly women and children) killed
by Col. John Chivington Closing of the Frontier: Essay by Frederick Jackson Turner — said frontier shaped
American democracy Comstock Lode: Silver mine in Nevada Chisholm Trail: Famous cattle drive trail Morrill Act: Financed agricultural education Homestead Act: 160 acres of land to settlers Dawes Act: Broke up Native reservations and gave land to individuals
● ● ● ● ●
Key Questions
How was the settlement of the frontier inevitable? Government support (Homestead Act, railroad grants) Belief in Manifest Destiny Technological advances (steel plow, barbed wire, windmills) Demand for new farmland and resources
● ● ● ●
Module 12: The Expansion of Industry
Key Industrial Leaders (“Robber Barons / Captains of Industry”)
● ● ●
Andrew Carnegie: “Steel King” – used Bessemer Process J.P. Morgan: Banking & finance, bought out Carnegie John D. Rockefeller: Oil industry (Standard Oil)
● ●
Cornelius Vanderbilt: Unified railroads (“The Commodore”) George Pullman: Built railroad cars; workers rioted due to wage cuts and rent hikes
Inventions & Innovators
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Thomas Edison: Invented the light bulb, over 1,000 patents Lewis Latimer: Improved the light bulb (African American inventor) Alexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone Christopher Sholes: Invented the typewriter Jacob Riis: Wrote How the Other Half Lives, exposed poverty Mary Harris “Mother” Jones: Fought for child labor reform, supported Mine Workers Eugene V. Debs: Founded American Railway Union (ARU) Samuel Gompers: Founded American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Labor & Economic Theories
● Yellow Dog Contracts: Agreements where workers promised not to join unions Social Darwinism: Applied “survival of the fittest” to business and society Bimetallism: Advocated by William Jennings Bryan (“Cross of Gold” speech) 1896 Election: McKinley (Republican) defeated Bryan (Democrat)
● ● ●
Key Questions
How did rapid industrialization benefit the U.S.?
● ● ● ●
Created jobs and boosted economy Increased urbanization and immigration Growth of technology and infrastructure Made the U.S. a world industrial leader
Quick Review Flash Facts
Term / Person 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Thaddeus Stevens
Description Freed slaves Citizenship defined
Vote for all males Radical Republican Impeached president Northerners in South Southern Republicans Terrorist group First Black senator Elected president Farming system post-war Famous author Wrote Call of the Wild Mary Elizabeth Lease Populist reformer
Andrew Johnson Carpetbaggers Scalawags Ku Klux Klan Hiram Revels Hayes (1876) Sharecropping Mark Twain Jack London
Oliver Hudson Kelley George Custer
Founded the Grange Killed at Little Bighorn
Crazy Horse Sitting Bull Dawes Act Homestead Act Carnegie Rockefeller Morgan Vanderbilt Pullman Edison Latimer
Native leader Sioux leader Broke up reservations 160 acres to settlers
Steel Oil Banking Railroads Railroad cars Light bulb Improved light bulb Telephone AFL leader ARU leader How the Other Half Lives Labor reformer Won 1896 election
Bell Gompers Debs
Riis Mother Jones McKinley
Study Guide_ Ch 10-12 (Us Hist. 2).pdf
Kallie Bierman
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Transcript
Key Events & People
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Days after the Civil War ended: Lincoln was assassinated. 13th Amendment: Freed the slaves 14th Amendment: Defined citizenship 15th Amendment: Gave the right to vote to all males Conscription: Forced men to serve in the army Radical Republicans: Charles Sumner & Thaddeus Stevens President Impeached: Andrew Johnson Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came South to aid or profit Scalawags: Southerners who supported Republicans Ku Klux Klan: Terrorist group formed after Civil War Hiram Revels: African American senator from Mississippi Black Codes: Laws that restricted African Americans Elected in 1876: Rutherford B. Hayes Sharecropping: Farming system developed in South post-war
Key Questions
How was Reconstruction a success? Slavery abolished (13th Amendment) ● African Americans gained citizenship and voting rights (14th & 15th) Southern states rejoined the Union
How was Reconstruction a failure? Rise of the KKK and Black Codes Segregation (Jim Crow laws) Economic hardship for freedmen and sharecroppers
● ● ●
Module 11: Westward Expansion & the Frontier
Authors & Reformers
● ● ● ● ●
Mark Twain – The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County Jack London – Call of the Wild and White Fang (no gold found) Mary Elizabeth Lease – Populist; said “plant less corn and raise more hell” Benjamin “Pap” Singleton – Led African Americans to Kansas Oliver Hudson Kelley – Founded the Grange (Patrons of Husbandry)
Western Conflicts & Native American Leaders
● ● ● ● ●
Captain William Fetterman – Killed at “Battle of the Hundred Slain” George Custer – Died at the Battle of the Little Bighorn Crazy Horse – Native leader at Fetterman Massacre and Little Bighorn Sitting Bull – Captured near Canadian border Treaty of Fort Laramie – Sioux agreed to reservations, whites closed Bozeman Trail
Key Events & Terms
Sand Creek Massacre: Over 150 Native Americans (mostly women and children) killed
by Col. John Chivington Closing of the Frontier: Essay by Frederick Jackson Turner — said frontier shaped
American democracy Comstock Lode: Silver mine in Nevada Chisholm Trail: Famous cattle drive trail Morrill Act: Financed agricultural education Homestead Act: 160 acres of land to settlers Dawes Act: Broke up Native reservations and gave land to individuals
● ● ● ● ●
Key Questions
How was the settlement of the frontier inevitable? Government support (Homestead Act, railroad grants) Belief in Manifest Destiny Technological advances (steel plow, barbed wire, windmills) Demand for new farmland and resources
● ● ● ●
Module 12: The Expansion of Industry
Key Industrial Leaders (“Robber Barons / Captains of Industry”)
● ● ●
Andrew Carnegie: “Steel King” – used Bessemer Process J.P. Morgan: Banking & finance, bought out Carnegie John D. Rockefeller: Oil industry (Standard Oil)
● ●
Cornelius Vanderbilt: Unified railroads (“The Commodore”) George Pullman: Built railroad cars; workers rioted due to wage cuts and rent hikes
Inventions & Innovators
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Thomas Edison: Invented the light bulb, over 1,000 patents Lewis Latimer: Improved the light bulb (African American inventor) Alexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone Christopher Sholes: Invented the typewriter Jacob Riis: Wrote How the Other Half Lives, exposed poverty Mary Harris “Mother” Jones: Fought for child labor reform, supported Mine Workers Eugene V. Debs: Founded American Railway Union (ARU) Samuel Gompers: Founded American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Labor & Economic Theories
● Yellow Dog Contracts: Agreements where workers promised not to join unions Social Darwinism: Applied “survival of the fittest” to business and society Bimetallism: Advocated by William Jennings Bryan (“Cross of Gold” speech) 1896 Election: McKinley (Republican) defeated Bryan (Democrat)
● ● ●
Key Questions
How did rapid industrialization benefit the U.S.?
● ● ● ●
Created jobs and boosted economy Increased urbanization and immigration Growth of technology and infrastructure Made the U.S. a world industrial leader
Quick Review Flash Facts
Term / Person 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Thaddeus Stevens
Description Freed slaves Citizenship defined
Vote for all males Radical Republican Impeached president Northerners in South Southern Republicans Terrorist group First Black senator Elected president Farming system post-war Famous author Wrote Call of the Wild Mary Elizabeth Lease Populist reformer
Andrew Johnson Carpetbaggers Scalawags Ku Klux Klan Hiram Revels Hayes (1876) Sharecropping Mark Twain Jack London
Oliver Hudson Kelley George Custer
Founded the Grange Killed at Little Bighorn
Crazy Horse Sitting Bull Dawes Act Homestead Act Carnegie Rockefeller Morgan Vanderbilt Pullman Edison Latimer
Native leader Sioux leader Broke up reservations 160 acres to settlers
Steel Oil Banking Railroads Railroad cars Light bulb Improved light bulb Telephone AFL leader ARU leader How the Other Half Lives Labor reformer Won 1896 election
Bell Gompers Debs
Riis Mother Jones McKinley