Book

Book

Settings

• Men exploit animals as the rich exploit the poor
• Failure of the Russian Revolution
• Ban in the Soviet Union
• Animals representing human virtues and vices
• Allegory
• Multi-layered structure in 3 levels

TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS LOSE POWER CITIZENS JOIN STATE-APPROVED ORGANIZATIONS

NO PERSONAL FREEDOM

OPPRESSIVE SINLGE-PARTY GOVERNMENT

PURSUES SOME SPECIAL GOAL=IDEOLOGY

TOTALITARIANISM

INDIVIDUALS PARTS OF A SINGLE MACHINE

USE UNPREDICTABILITY, FEAR AND UNCERTAINTY

The characters

We can find in all the characters of the story an allegory and an association with an element or a character of the Russian Revolution.

CHAPTER 1

• Old Major’s speech • Man = exploiter • Dream of rebellion • “Four legs good, two legs bad” • Beasts of England song

Beasts of England

ChApter 2

• Pigs (Snowball, Napoleon, Squealer) develop Animalism. • Teach animals the principles; some, like Mollie, resist. • Animals rebel, chase off Mr. Jones. • Farm renamed Animal Farm; Seven Commandments created.

CHAPTER 3

• Animals work hard; Boxer’s motto is “I will work harder.” • Pigs take charge of planning and don't perform physical work; try to teach how to read and write • New rule: “Four legs good, two legs bad.” • Squealer use persuasion to justify pig's power • Pigs keep milk and apples for themselves, they need extra food for brain work.

Chapter 4

• Spread of revolutionary ideals (Animalism = Communism). • Fear of rebellion (Domino Theory / “Snowball Effect”). • Manipulation through war and propaganda. • Innocence of the working class (Boxer’s regret). • Power consolidation through violence. • Moral corruption of both communists and capitalists.

CHAPTER 5

• Rise of dictatorship: Napoleon seizes total control (Stalin’s rise over Trotsky). • Abuse of language and propaganda: Squealer manipulates truth to justify Napoleon’s actions. • Corruption of socialist ideals: Revolution turns into tyranny. • Power and fear: Napoleon uses the dogs as instruments of terror. • Manipulation of the working class: Boxer’s blind loyalty (“Napoleon is always right”). • The windmill as a symbol: False promise of progress; tool of control and propaganda.

CHAPTER 6

• Animals work hard to grow food and make the windmill • They don't have the right tools • Napoleon hires Mr. Whymper to trade with other farms • Pigs move to the farmhouse and start sleeping in bed (sheets) • Strong storm destroys the windmill and Napoleon blames Snowball

CHAPTER 7

• Animals rebuild the windmill • Food is scarce, Napoleon sell the hens' eggs • More propaganda, blame Snowball for anything • Napoleon holds a purge: confess a false crime to be executed • Squealer bans "The beasts of England"

Chapter 8

• Manipulation of truth and history: commandments and propaganda rewritten. • Blind loyalty and uncritical patriotism: animals worship Napoleon despite suffering. • Tyranny and exploitation: animals overworked and endangered while pigs live in luxury. • Political deceit and betrayal: Napoleon’s dealings with Frederick and Pilkington. • Propaganda through ritual and poetry: individual heroism co-opted for state glory. • Parallels to totalitarian regimes: Stalinist Russia and WWII events.

CHAPTER 9

• Exploitation and betrayal of the working class (Boxer). • Manipulation of truth and propaganda (Squealer’s lies, rewriting history). • False loyalty and ritual (Spontaneous Demonstrations). • Return of religious control for political purposes (Moses and Sugarcandy Mountain). • Corruption of ideals: the Rebellion’s principles are ignored to serve the elite.

CHAPTER 10

• Corruption and consolidation of power (pigs become like humans). • Betrayal of revolutionary ideals (equality is destroyed). • Manipulation of language (Seven Commandments rewritten). • Blind loyalty and naivety (animals still hope for a just society). • Cycle of oppression (new rulers are as oppressive as the old).

2. The Battle of the Cowshed symbolizes the Russian Civil War of 1918, when the Soviet Union defended the revolution from foreign attacks.

Historical parallelisms

1. The rebellion against Mr. Jones represents the October Revolution of 1917,

4. The Battle of the Windmill reflects the Battle of Stalingrad (1941)

2. The Battle of the Cowshed symbolizes the Russian Civil War of 1918,

5. The card game at the end represents the Teheran Conference of 1943

N3. The construction of the windmill represents Stalin’s Five-Year Plans

Measure resultsand experiment

Symbols

• Manor Farm represents Russia, which later became the USSR. • The song “Beasts of England” symbolizes hope, freedom, and unity, similar to “The Internationale”, the left-wing anthem written in French in 1871 and used by anarchists, communists, and socialists as a symbol of solidarity. • The flag with a hoof and a horn resembles the Soviet flag, symbolizing the ideals of the new government..

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