Footnotes & Bibliography
Scholarly Article
Website
Periodicals
Chicago style uses both footnotes throughout the text of a paper as well as a bibliography at the end. There are subtle but important differences between each. Use these buttons to find out more!
+ info
+ info
+ info
More Citations!
Book: Monograph
Book: Anthology
+ info
+ info
+ info
Footnote: Website
Bibliography: Website
"Page Name," Website Name, Publication Date OR access Date, URL
Website Name. "Page name." Publication date OR ccess Date. URL
*Subsequent citation of the same work: Author Last Name, Book Title (which can be shorted), Page Number
Example: “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, accessed March 8, 2022, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
Example: Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed March 8, 2022. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
Note the differences!
Footnotes: Periodicals
Bibliography: Periodicals
Magazine, newspaper, blog, etc.
Magazine, newspaper, blog, etc.
Last name, First name. Title of Article. Organization/publisher, Date of publication. URL or Database Name.
First name Last name, "Title of Article", Organization/Publisher , Date of publication, URL or Database Name
*Subsequent citation of the same material: Author Last Name, Title (which can be shortened)
Example: 1. Dani Blum, “Are Flax Seeds All That?,” New York Times, December 13, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/well/eat/flax-seeds-benefits.html.
Example: Blum, Dani. “Are Flax Seeds All That?” New York Times, December 13, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/well/eat/flax-seeds-benefits.html.
Note the differences!
Unknown Author
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number.
How are we going to evaluate?
We are in the era of the explosion of digital information. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have transitioned from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.
Digitalbeings
Socialbeings
Beings narratives
We are visual beings
We avoid being part of the content saturation in the digital world.
We need to interact with each other. We learn collaboratively.
We teach through stories. They entertain us and help us stay focused.
We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.
Footnote: Anthology
Bibliography: Anthology
A collection of essays on a single topic, compiled by an editor
A collection of essays on a single topic, compiled by an editor
First name Last name, Title of Book ( Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.
*Subsequent citation of the same work: Author Last Name, "Book Title" (which can be shorted), Page Number
Example: Kathleen Doyle, “The Queen Mary Psalter,” in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.
Example: Doyle, Kathleen. “The Queen Mary Psalter.” In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.
Note the differences!
Multiple Authors
For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:
For example: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes S econd Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).
For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names.
For example: Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4). Legal experts counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4).
Footnote: Journal Article
Bibliography: Journal Article
First Name Last Name(s), "Article title," Journal title, Issue volume, number (year): Page number(s), Date of access, DOI or URL.
Last Name, First Name(s). "Article title." Journal title. Issue volume, number (year): Page range. Date of access. DOI or URL.
Example: Henry E. Bent, “Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree,” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 141, accessed December 4, 2017, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286.
Example: Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree.” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 0–145. Accessed December 4, 2017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286.
*Subsequent citation of the same work can be shortened to: Author Last Name, Journal Title (which can be shorted), Page Number
Note the differences!
Basic Format
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page.
The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.
For example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Interesting resources
Showing enthusiasm, smiling, and maintaining eye contact with the rest of the people in the classroom can be your best allies when it comes to presenting content and creating motivating learning experiences. With that and interactive content to match, no class will be able to resist you!
Resource 1
Resource 2
Resource 3
Resource 4
Resource 6
Resource 5
How are we going to learn?
Show enthusiasm, give a smile and maintain eye contact with the rest of the people in the classroom can be your best allies when it comes to presenting content and creating motivating learning experiences. With that and some interactive content up to par, no class will resist you!
- Improve understanding about any topic.
- Engage the entire class...
- And keep their attention until the end.
- Include visually appropriate elements to the topic.
- Display data and information visually.
- Use interactivity to delve into concepts.
Name Last Name
Write a subtitle that provides further information
With Genially templates you can include visual resources to engage the class from minute one. You can also highlight key content to facilitate understanding and even embed external content that surprises and provides more context to the topic: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want!
Multiple sources
Multiple citations To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semicolon: . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
For example: . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
Footnote: Monograph
Bibliography: Monograph
A book on a single topic, written by one or more authors
A book on a single topic, written by one or more authors
First name Last name, Title of Book ( Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.
*Subsequent citation of the same work: Author Last Name, Book Title (which can be shorted), Page Number
Example: Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums (Viking Press, 1958), 128.
Example: Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Viking Press, 1958.
Note the differences!
What are we going to need?
What you are reading: interactivity and animation can make even the most boring content become something fun. At Genially, we also create our designs to facilitate understanding and learning, so that you level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages.
Did you know that Genially allows you to share your creation directly, without the need for downloads? Ready for students to view it on any device and learn from anywhere.
- Generate learning experiences with your content.
- Measure results and experiment.
- Interactivity + animation = motivation.
- Activate and surprise the class.
- Make your class think and learn.
- It is neat, hierarchical, and structured.
What are we going to learn?
Do you need more reasons to use dynamic content in class? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight and, moreover, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
The interactive visual communication step by step:
- Plan the structure of your content.
- Give visual weight to key points and primary ones.
- Define secondary messages with interactivity.
- Establish a flow through the content.
- Measure the results.
Chicago citations
Alia Faubert
Created on October 6, 2025
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Transcript
Footnotes & Bibliography
Scholarly Article
Website
Periodicals
Chicago style uses both footnotes throughout the text of a paper as well as a bibliography at the end. There are subtle but important differences between each. Use these buttons to find out more!
+ info
+ info
+ info
More Citations!
Book: Monograph
Book: Anthology
+ info
+ info
+ info
Footnote: Website
Bibliography: Website
"Page Name," Website Name, Publication Date OR access Date, URL
Website Name. "Page name." Publication date OR ccess Date. URL
*Subsequent citation of the same work: Author Last Name, Book Title (which can be shorted), Page Number
Example: “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, accessed March 8, 2022, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
Example: Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed March 8, 2022. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
Note the differences!
Footnotes: Periodicals
Bibliography: Periodicals
Magazine, newspaper, blog, etc.
Magazine, newspaper, blog, etc.
Last name, First name. Title of Article. Organization/publisher, Date of publication. URL or Database Name.
First name Last name, "Title of Article", Organization/Publisher , Date of publication, URL or Database Name
*Subsequent citation of the same material: Author Last Name, Title (which can be shortened)
Example: 1. Dani Blum, “Are Flax Seeds All That?,” New York Times, December 13, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/well/eat/flax-seeds-benefits.html.
Example: Blum, Dani. “Are Flax Seeds All That?” New York Times, December 13, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/well/eat/flax-seeds-benefits.html.
Note the differences!
Unknown Author
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number.
How are we going to evaluate?
We are in the era of the explosion of digital information. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have transitioned from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.
Digitalbeings
Socialbeings
Beings narratives
We are visual beings
We avoid being part of the content saturation in the digital world.
We need to interact with each other. We learn collaboratively.
We teach through stories. They entertain us and help us stay focused.
We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.
Footnote: Anthology
Bibliography: Anthology
A collection of essays on a single topic, compiled by an editor
A collection of essays on a single topic, compiled by an editor
First name Last name, Title of Book ( Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.
*Subsequent citation of the same work: Author Last Name, "Book Title" (which can be shorted), Page Number
Example: Kathleen Doyle, “The Queen Mary Psalter,” in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.
Example: Doyle, Kathleen. “The Queen Mary Psalter.” In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.
Note the differences!
Multiple Authors
For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:
For example: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes S econd Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).
For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names.
For example: Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4). Legal experts counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4).
Footnote: Journal Article
Bibliography: Journal Article
First Name Last Name(s), "Article title," Journal title, Issue volume, number (year): Page number(s), Date of access, DOI or URL.
Last Name, First Name(s). "Article title." Journal title. Issue volume, number (year): Page range. Date of access. DOI or URL.
Example: Henry E. Bent, “Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree,” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 141, accessed December 4, 2017, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286.
Example: Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree.” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 0–145. Accessed December 4, 2017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286.
*Subsequent citation of the same work can be shortened to: Author Last Name, Journal Title (which can be shorted), Page Number
Note the differences!
Basic Format
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page.
The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.
For example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Interesting resources
Showing enthusiasm, smiling, and maintaining eye contact with the rest of the people in the classroom can be your best allies when it comes to presenting content and creating motivating learning experiences. With that and interactive content to match, no class will be able to resist you!
Resource 1
Resource 2
Resource 3
Resource 4
Resource 6
Resource 5
How are we going to learn?
Show enthusiasm, give a smile and maintain eye contact with the rest of the people in the classroom can be your best allies when it comes to presenting content and creating motivating learning experiences. With that and some interactive content up to par, no class will resist you!
Name Last Name
Write a subtitle that provides further information
With Genially templates you can include visual resources to engage the class from minute one. You can also highlight key content to facilitate understanding and even embed external content that surprises and provides more context to the topic: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want!
Multiple sources
Multiple citations To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semicolon: . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
For example: . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
Footnote: Monograph
Bibliography: Monograph
A book on a single topic, written by one or more authors
A book on a single topic, written by one or more authors
First name Last name, Title of Book ( Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.
*Subsequent citation of the same work: Author Last Name, Book Title (which can be shorted), Page Number
Example: Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums (Viking Press, 1958), 128.
Example: Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Viking Press, 1958.
Note the differences!
What are we going to need?
What you are reading: interactivity and animation can make even the most boring content become something fun. At Genially, we also create our designs to facilitate understanding and learning, so that you level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages.
Did you know that Genially allows you to share your creation directly, without the need for downloads? Ready for students to view it on any device and learn from anywhere.
What are we going to learn?
Do you need more reasons to use dynamic content in class? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight and, moreover, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
The interactive visual communication step by step: