Animal Cell

Animal Cell

PLant Cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• A membrane network studded with ribosomes.
• Responsible for producing and processing proteins that will be transported out of the cell or inserted into membranes.

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Mitochondria

• Organelles known as the cell’s powerhouses.
• They convert energy from food into ATP through cellular respiration, providing the energy needed for cellular activities.

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• Fluid that surrounds and supports organelles in the cell and is bound by the cell membrane
• It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Cytoplasm

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Chloroplast

• Take in sunlight through the green pigment chlorophyll, and convert it to energy for the plant
• They do this by converting CO2 and H2O into sugar
• Photosynthesis

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant, fungal, and some bacterial cells that provides structural support and protection.

• Also known as plasma membrane
• A flexible, protective barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves. (semi-permeable)
• It maintains homeostasis by regulating the movement of materials
• Provides support and protection
• Created by a phospholipid bilayer

Cell Membrane

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Ribosome

• Location for protein synthesis
• Found in cytoplasm and near rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Build proteins by linking amino acids together according to the instructions in mRNA

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Vacuole

• A membrane-bound sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste.
• In plant cells, the central vacuole also helps maintain cell shape and turgor pressure.

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Golgi Apparatus

A stack of membrane sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

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Vesicles

• Small membrane-bound sacs that transport and release materials (such as hormones or proteins) outside the cell.

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Nucleus

• Houses chromosomes which are composed of DNA
• Has genetic information of the cell
• Contains codes instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

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Centrioles

• Help organize cell division
• During mitosis, centrioles help assemble the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes, ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material to daughter cells

• Located near the nucleus
• Not found in plant cells!

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• A network of membranes involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification of chemicals, and storage of calcium ions.
• It lacks ribosomes, so it has a smooth appearance.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nucleus

• Houses chromosomes which are composed of DNA

• Has genetic information of the cell

• Contains codes instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

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Lysosomes

• Contain digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials, damaged cell parts, and foreign substances
• Function as the cell’s recycling and cleanup system

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