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LA RADIOATTIVITA' E LE REAZIONI NUCLEARIDI COSA PARLIAMO OGGI

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Created on October 2, 2025

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LA LEZIONE E' PREPARATA PER GIULIA STUDENTESSA DI 18 ANNI FREQUENTANTE IL QUINTI ANNO DI UNA SCUOLA SUPERIORE, AFFETTA DA DISABILITA' LIEVE CON DIFFICOLTA' MOTORIE. LA DISCIPLINA E' FISICA E L'ARGOMENTO E' LA RADIOATTIVITA' E LE REAZIONI NUCLEARI.

DI COSA PARLIAMO OGGI

L'ERA ATOMICA

LA PRIMA SCOPERTA

NEL 1896 IL FISICO FRANCESE ANTOINE HENRY BECQUEREL SCOPRI' PER CASO CHE I COMPOSTI DELL'URANIO EMETTEVANO RADIAZIONI CAPACI DI ATTRAVERSARE LA MATERIA.

RISALE AL 1896

NEL 1906

QUALCHE TEMPO DOPO LA SCIENZIATA POLACCA MARIE CURIE SI ACCORSE CHE IL FENOMENO SI VERIFICAVA ANCHE PER ALTRI ELEMENTI E RIBATTEZZO' L'EMISSIONE DI RAGGI URANICI CON IL TERMINE DI RADIOATTIVITA'

IL PREMIO NOBEL PER LA FISICA

LA RADIOATTIVITA'

LA RADIOATTIVITA' E' IL FENOMENO PER CUI ALCUNI ATOMI EMETTONO SPONTANEAMENTE RADIAZIONI. GLI ATOMI SI CHIAMANO RADIOATTIVI

E GLI ATOMI RADIOATTIVI

E GLI STUDI DI MARIE CURIE

NEL 1904

IL FISICO RUTHERFORD, SCOPRI' CHE LE RADIAZIONI EMESSE DAGLI ATOMI RADIOATTIVI DERIVAVANO DAI NUCLEI DEGLI ATOMI E POTEVANO ESSERE DI TRE TIPI : RAGGI ALFA, RAGGI BETA E RAGGI GAMMA.

IL PRPRPPPPEENIO NOBEL PER LA CHIMICA

PREMIO NOBEL CHIMICA

NEL 1913

IL FISICO INGLESE WILLIAM CROOKES SI ACCORSE CHE LA RADIOATTIVITA' DI UN CAMPIONE DI URANIO AUMENTAVA NEL TEMPO E SPIEGO' CHE CIO' ACCADEVA PERCHE' L'ATOMO DI URANIO SI TRASFORMA NELL'ATOMO DI UN ALTRO ELEMENTO AVENTE UNA MAGGIORE CAPACITA' DI EMETTERE RADIAZIONI.

REALIZZO' UN RADIOMETRO

NEL 1919

NEL 1919 RUTHERFORD DIMOSTRO' SPERIMENTALMENTE CHE UN ELEMENTO POTEVA ESSERE TRASFORMATO IN UN ALTRO E GLI ISOTOPI RADIOATTIVI DEGLI ELLEMENTI SI POTEVANO TRASFORMARE BOMBARDANDOLI CON PARTICELLE SUB ATOMICHE.

INIZIA L'ERA ATOMICA

NEL 1934

NEL 1934 IL FISICO ITALIANO ENRICO FERMI BOMBARDO' CON NEUTRONI GLI ATOMI DI URANIO

BONBARDAMENTO ATOMI DI URANIO

NEL 1942

NEL 1942 INIZIO' A FUNZIONARE LA PRIMA PILA ATOMICA UN SISTEMA CAPACE DI GENERARE ENORMI QUANTITA' DI ENERGIA UTILIZZANDO LE REAZIONI NUCLEARI.

LLLAA PRIMA PILA ATOMICA

LA PRIMA PILA ATOMICA

NEL 1945 IN UN DESERTO DEGLI STATI UNITI, FU FATTA ESPLODERE LA PRIMA BOMBA ATOMICA SPERIMENTALE. SOLO UN MESE DOPO NELL'AGOSTO DEL 45 DUE BOMBE ATOMICHE SGANGIATE DA AEREI AMERICANI DISTRUSSERO COMPLETAMENTE LE CITTA' GIAPPONESI DI HIROSHIMA E NAGASAKI.

LE REAZIONI NUCLEARI

LE REAZIONI NUCLEARI SONO LE TRASFORMAZIONI DEL NUCLEO DEGLI ATOMI.

COSA SONO

FISSIONE NUCLEARE

LA FISSIONE NUCLEARE SCINDE UN NUCLEO ATOMICO COME L'URANIO IN NUCLEI PIU' LEGGERI.

LA FUSIONE NUCLEARE UNISCE DUE NUCLEI LEGGERI COME L'IDROGENO PER FORMARNE UNO PIU' PESANTE.

FUSIONE NUCLEARE

BUONO STUDIO

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