Línea de tiempo literaria

Anika Ramírez Cruz

Línea de tiempo literaria

Literatura Posmoderna (XX-actualidad)

Realismo (XIX)

Renacimiento (XIV-XVII)

Modernismo (XIX-XX)

Romantisismo (XVIII-XIX)

Surge tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en un mundo marcado por la globalización, la tecnología, el consumismo y el cuestionamiento de las grandes narrativas (religión, ideologías políticas). Se desarrolla en el contexto de la posguerra, la Guerra Fría y la era digital. Las carasterísticas principales son: la ruptura con las convenciones narrativas tradicionales, la mezcla de géneros, intertextualidad y metaficción, la ironía, parodia y cuestionamiento de la realidad. Los temas tocados vendrían siendo la fragmentación, la identidad, el consumismo y multiculturalismo, a través de novelas, cuentos y poesía experimental. "Muchos años después, frente al pelotón de fusilamiento, el coronel Aureliano Buendía había de recordar aquella tarde remota en que su padre lo llevó a conocer el hielo." — Gabriel García Márquez, Cien años de soledad. Autores destacados lo son: - Gabriel García Márquez (Colombia): Cien años de soledad (realismo mágico, precursor). - Thomas Pynchon (EE.UU.): El arcoíris de gravedad. - Italo Calvino (Italia): Si una noche de invierno un viajero. - Roberto Bolaño (Chile): 2666, Los detectives salvajes. Influida por el existencialismo, el estructuralismo y la cultura de masas, la literatura posmoderna rechaza las verdades absolutas y abraza la pluralidad y la ambigüedad. Cuestiona la autoridad del autor y juega con la percepción del lector. Continúa evolucionando en la literatura contemporánea, con enfoques en la diversidad y la experimentación digital.

Esto pasa en Europa, pero especialmente en Alemania, Inglaterra y Francia, durante la Revolución Industrial y las revoluciones políticas (la Revolución Francesa y la independencia americana). Es una reacción contra el racionalismo de la Ilustración y el neoclasicismo. Unas de sus carasterísticas principales lo son: la exaltación de los sentimientos, la imaginación y la individualidad, el interés por lo sublime, lo gótico, la naturaleza y lo exótico; el rechazo de las normas clásicas, es decir, la libertad creativa. También se conocen temas como el amor apasionado, melancolía, nacionalismo y la lucha por la libertad en la poesía lírica, la novela histórica y el drama romántico."¡Qué descansada vida la del que huye del mundanal ruido y sigue la escondida senda por donde han ido los pocos sabios que en el mundo han sido?" — Luis de Góngora (influencia en poetas románticos españoles). Entre los autores destacados se encuentran: - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Alemania) Fausto. - William Wordsworth (Inglaterra) Baladas líricas. - Victor Hugo (Francia) Los miserables, Nuestra Señora de París. - José de Espronceda (España) El estudiante de Salamanca. Influenciado por el idealismo alemán y el Sturm und Drang, el Romanticismo priorizó la subjetividad y la conexión emocional con la naturaleza. Reaccionó contra la industrialización y el racionalismo, promoviendo el nacionalismo y la libertad individual. Evolucionó hacia el Realismo, que buscó un enfoque más objetivo y social.

El Renacimiento surge en Europa, específicamente en Italia tras la Edad Media. Es una época de redescubrimiento de la cultura clásica grecolatina, impulsada por el humanismo, los avances científicos, la invención de la imprenta y el mecenazgo artístico. La Reforma y la Contrarreforma también influyen en los temas religiosos y filosóficos. Algunas de las carasterísticas son: énfasis en el humanismo que es el ser humano como centro de la creación, recuperación de textos clásicos y uso de lenguas vernáculas, temas como amor, naturaleza, mitología, religión y exploración del mundo, las formas literarias, ya sea con los sonetos, ensayos, dramas y épicas renacentistas. Por último… el estilo claro, equilibrado y con interés por la belleza formal. "¡Oh humanidad, cuántos crímenes se cometen en tu nombre!"
— Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quijote de la Mancha. Entre los autores destacados, se encuentran: - Dante Alighieri (Italia) La Divina Comedia. - William Shakespeare (Inglaterra) Hamlet, Romeo y Julieta. - Miguel de Cervantes (España) Don Quijote de la Mancha. - Petrarca (Italia) Canzoniere. El Renacimiento fue influenciado por el redescubrimiento de textos de Platón, Aristóteles, etc… Ellos promovieron una visión antropocéntrica frente al teocentrismo medieval. La imprenta permitió una mayor difusión de ideas y las lenguas vernáculas ganaron prestigio frente al latín. Este movimiento evolucionó hacia el Barroco, con un estilo más ornamentado y complejo.

Surge en Hispanoamérica y España entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, en un contexto de crisis cultural y búsqueda de identidad tras las independencias latinoamericanas y la pérdida de las colonias españolas (1898). De sus carasterísticas principales lo son: la búsqueda de la belleza, la musicalidad y la perfección formal, la influencia del parnasianismo (belleza objetiva) y el simbolismo (subjetividad y misticismo). Se tocan temas como el exotismo, cosmopolitismo, amor, mitología y decadentismo, dentro de un lenguaje rico, sensorial y simbólico. Trae formas como poesía, prosa poética y cuento. "Yo soy aquel que ayer no más decía / el verso azul y la canción profana..." — Rubén Darío, Prosas profanas. Autores destacados: - Rubén Darío (Nicaragua) Azul, Prosas profanas. - José Martí (Cuba) Versos sencillos. - Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (México) Cuentos frágiles. - Juan Ramón Jiménez (España) Platero y yo. Influido por el parnasianismo francés y el simbolismo, el Modernismo buscó renovar la literatura hispana con un lenguaje sofisticado y una perspectiva cosmopolita. En Hispanoamérica, también expresó anhelos de identidad cultural. Evolucionó hacia las vanguardias del siglo XX, como el surrealismo y el futurismo.

Sucede en Europa durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, en un contexto de consolidación de la burguesía, avances científicos y sociales, y conflictos de clase tras la Revolución Industrial. La observación objetiva y el positivismo influyen en la literatura. Sus carasterísticas principales son: la representación fiel de la realidad social y cotidiana, la crítica a las desigualdades, la hipocresía y los problemas sociales; personajes complejos, con motivaciones psicológicas realistas y poseen lenguaje claro, preciso y sin adornos excesivos. Esto se encuentra en las novelas realistas y naturalistas. "La felicidad es un artículo maravilloso: cuanto más se da, más le queda a uno." — Charles Dickens, Grandes esperanzas. Autores destacados como: - Gustave Flaubert (Francia) Madame Bovary. - Charles Dickens (Inglaterra) Oliver Twist, Grandes esperanzas. - León Tolstói (Rusia) Anna Karénina, Guerra y paz. - Benito Pérez Galdós (España) Fortunata y Jacinta. Influido por el positivismo y el cientificismo, el Realismo buscó retratar la vida sin idealizaciones, enfocándose en la psicología de los personajes y los problemas sociales. El Naturalismo, una rama más extrema, incorporó el determinismo científico. Este movimiento dio paso al Modernismo y al simbolismo, que recuperaron la subjetividad.

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Use timelines to tell stories

Step 4

Step 3

Step 2

Step 1

And leave your audience speechless.

The important thing is that everything fits the theme.

Also animations to make it fun.

You can add interactivity to your timeline.

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

A brilliant title

We don’t like to bore. We don’t want to be repetitive. Communicating as always is boring and doesn’t engage.We do it differently. We sabotage boredom.

Our brain is prepared to consume visual content. Some data: 90% of the information we process comes to us through sight.

We are in the era of the explosion of digital information. This causes our way of obtaining information to change; we move from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

When we are told a story, it moves us; it can even touch us, making us remember stories up to 20 times more than any other content we might consume.

Visual content is a cross-cutting, universal language, like music. We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

We grasp visual content better. Visual content is associated with cognitive and psychological mechanisms. Things enter through the eyes; the first image is what counts.

Did you know that Genially allows you to share your creation directly, without the need for downloads? Ready for your audience to view it on any device and share it anywhere.

Pose a dramatic question; it’s the essential ingredient to maintain the audience's attention. It is usually posed subtly at the beginning of the story to intrigue the audience and is resolved at the end.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Here you can put a highlighted title

Here you can put a highlighted title

Here you can put a highlighted title

Pose a dramatic question; it's the essential ingredient to keep the audience's attention.

We better capture visual content. Visual content is associated with cognitive and psychological mechanisms.

We don't like to bore. We don't want to be repetitive. Communicating as always bores and does not engage.

Our brain is biologically prepared to process visual content.

Turn numbers into stories with graphics.

Telling stories with order and hierarchy is essential.

Also animations to make it fun.

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20XX

20XX

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20XX

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20XX

Here you can put a highlighted title

Here you can put a highlighted title

Here you can put a highlighted title

Did you know that Genially allows you to share your creation directly, without needing downloads?

Visual content is a universal language, like music. We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago.

90% of the information we process comes to us through sight, and we process visual content up to 60,000 times faster than text.

And leave your audience speechless.

Icons are always good allies.

The important thing is that everything fits the theme.

You can add interactivity to your timeline.

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Here you can put a highlighted title

Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content is moving. What you read: interactivity and animation can turn the most boring content into something fun. At Genially, we use AI (Awesome Interactivity) in all our designs, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages. Visual content is a cross-cutting, universal language, like music. We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Describe the topic and the contents that you will cover in class; do not forget to emphasize why the topic is interesting

With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to engage the class from minute one. You can also highlight key content to facilitate its assimilation and even embed external content that surprises and adds more context to the topic: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want! Did you know that Genially allows you to share your creation directly, without the need for downloads? Ready for students to visualize it on any device and learn anywhere.

Down with boring content in your presentation: make it entertaining

You can create an outline to synthesize the content and use words that stick in your audience's mind.

If you are going to present live, we recommend that you train your voice and practice:The best improvisation is always the one that is most rehearsed!

Show enthusiasm, flash a smile, and maintain eye contact with your audience: 'The eyes, chico. They never lie'. Leave them speechless.

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Do you need more reasons to use dynamic content in class? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content is moving. We don't like to bore in our classes or work with flat content. It's time to bet on dynamic and interactive learning experiences that stimulate each student's thinking and creativity.

Insert a great video for your presentation

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation to leave everyone speechless. Additionally, this will help you synthesize the content and entertain your audience.

Put a GREAT title here, something that captures the attention of the class

What you read: interactivity and animation can turn the most boring content into something fun. At Genially, we also create our designs to facilitate understanding and learning, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages. Implement Visual Thinking in the classroom with Genially: organize information and knowledge in a much easier and more visual way through images, graphs, infographics, and simple drawings. Now, that's how it's done!

Visual communication interactive step by step

Plan the structure of your communication. Prioritize it and give visual weight to the main points. Define secondary messages with interactivity. Establish a flow through the content. Measure the results.Use graphics in your presentation. Data, figures, numbers… can also be displayed visually, interactively, and animated. And this has a great advantage: you will simplify the information and make it more understandable for the entire class.

Here you can put a highlighted title.

Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content is moving. Step-by-step interactive visual communication: Plan the structure of your communication. Hierarchy and give visual weight to the main points. Define secondary messages with interactivity. Establish a flow through the content. Measure the results.

Use images in your presentation

They help break the monotony They illustrate what you want to convey They are a support to add additional infoIf you want to provide additional information or develop the content in more detail, you can do so through your oral presentation. We recommend that you train your voice and practice: the best improvisation is always the most prepared! Disciplines such as Visual Thinking facilitate taking visually rich notes through the use of images, graphics, infographics, and simple drawings. Go for it!

Down with boring and flat content in your classes: do it to motivate

Improve understanding of any topic. Engage the whole class… And keep their attention until the end. Include visual elements appropriate to the topic. Show data and info in a visual way. Use interactivity to delve deeper into the concepts.

Insert a great video for your presentation

And use this space to describe it. Multimedia content is essential in a presentation to leave everyone speechless. Additionally, this way you will synthesize the content and entertain your audience.

Here you canput a highlighted title

Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content moves. Step by step interactive visual communication: Plan the structure of your communication. Prioritize it and give visual weight to the main points. Define secondary messages with interactivity. Establish a flow through the content. Measure the results.

At Genially, we use AI (Awesome Interactivity) in all our designs, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages. Visual content is a cross-cutting, universal language, like music. We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content is moving. What you read: interactivity and animation can turn the most boring content into something fun.

A headline genius

Here you can put a highlighted title.

Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content moves. What you read: interactivity and animation can turn the most boring content into something fun. At Genially, we use AI (Awesome Interactivity) in all our designs, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages. Visual content is a cross-cutting, universal language, like music. We are able to understand images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Animate your contentand take it to the next level

Animation adds value to our content by helping us capture attention, organize ideas, and make our audience remember the content.

Visual accompaniment manages to convince 67% of the audience

Write a great headline

What you read: interactivity and animation can turn the most boring content into something fun. At Genially, we also create our designs to facilitate understanding and learning, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages. When giving a presentation, there are two objectives to pursue: convey information and avoid yawns. To achieve this, it may be a good practice to create an outline and use words and concepts that aid in the assimilation of the content.

Synthesis and organization

Narrative Beings

Visual Beings

We tell thousands and thousands of stories. ⅔ of our conversations are stories.

We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures.

Digital Beings

Social Beings

We avoid being part of the content saturation in the digital world.

We need to interact with each other. We learn collaboratively.