Nutrients
Carbohydrates
(Glucose, saccharose)
Lipids
(Fats, oils)
Vitamins
(C, K)
Mineral salts
(KCl, NaCl)
Proteins
(Amino acid, pepties)
Nutrients are substances in food that provide energy and support the body's growth and overall health. They include macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids; and micronutrients such as vitamins, mineral salts. Each nutrient plays a specific role, such as energy supply, tissue building, and regulating body processes. A balanced diet is essential to get all these nutrients. They contein three elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Eros Parlante 4^F
Carbohydrates
/ˌpɒl.ɪˈsæk.ər.aɪd/
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
/daɪˈsæk.ə.raɪd/
Monosaccharides
/ˌmɒn.əʊˈsæk.ər.aɪd/
They are the simplest form of Carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolyzed; they usually have 3 or 4 carbon atoms, are soluble, and easily digested.Example- Glucose: it is found in blood, fruit juice and honey.
- Fructose: it is found in honey and fruit juice.
They are made up of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.Example
- Sugar-cane: it is white, soluble in water and sweet.
- Maltose: it is produced from starch.
- Lactose: it is white, tassless and hard to digest.
They are very complex carbohydrates made up of chains of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides.Example
- Starch: it is a very important source of energy for humans and is found in cereals and legumes.
- Cellulose: it is found in plants, but humans cannot digest it because they do not produce the enzyme cellulase
Eros Parlante 4^F
Lipids
They are a group of macromolecules consisting of fatty acids and other derivatives that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Saturated fats
/ˌsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪd ˈfæt/
Unsaturated fats
Waxes
Steroids
/ʌnˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪ ˈfæt/
/wækst/
/ˈste.rɔɪd/
Ex:
They are complex lipids and are liquid at room temperture.Ex:- Sunflower oil
- Flaxseed oil
They are simple lipids and are solid at room temperture.Ex:
They are soft and plastic at room temperture.Ex:
Eros Parlante 4^F
Proteins
Functions:- Structural: Form muscles, skin, hair, nails.
- Enzymatic: All vital reactions in the body are catlyzed by enzymes (which are proteins).
- Transport: Responsible for moving molecules, for example the hemoglobin trasports oxygen.
- Defense: Antibodies are proteins essential for immune defense
The most proteins are found in: meat, fish, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts, and cereals.
They are Chemical compounds made up of chains of amino acids. Proteins are soluble in water, essential for vital functions, and constructed from 20 different amino acids (8 are essential).
8 amino acids are essential (must be taken in with food); the other 12 can be synthesized by the human body.
Peptides and Polypeptides
Amino Acids
/ˈpep.taɪd/ | /ˌpɒl.iˈpep.taɪd/
ˈæmənou ˈæsid
They are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are water-soluble molecules containing a basic amine group (-NH₂) and an acid carboxyl group (-COOH).
When amino acids are joined together they form peptides (short chains) or polypeptides (long chains). Proteins consist of one or more interacting polypeptides, sometimes twisted or spiraled.
Vitamins
Water-soluble Vitamins
ˈwɔːtə ˈsɒljəbəl ˈvɪtəmɪnz
Fats-soluble Vitamins
fæt ˈsɒljəbəl ˈvɪtəmɪnz
They are found in bloods tream. Example: vitamins B, C.
They are found in fats tissues and liver. Example: vitamins A, D, E, K.
Our body needs vitamins to work properly. Without vitamins, humans may develop diseases like pellagra or rickets. They speed up chemical reactions in our body. The most important vitamins are A, B, C, D, E, and K.
It is necessary for metabolic activities, red blood cell formation, and the nervous system. It plays a role in activating enzymes, carrying oxygen, and producing energy. It is found in foods like fish, meat, eggs, dairy products, cereals, and green vegetables.
It is necessary for blood clotting and bone strength. It plays a role in producing proteins needed for clotting. It is found in foods like green leafy vegetables, liver, and dairy products.
It is fondamental for cell protection and healthy skin. It functions as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. It is found in foods like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables.
It is essential for bone and teeth health and for calcium absorption. It plays a role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels. It is found in foods like fish liver oil, egg yolk, and through sun exposure.
It is important for eyesight, skin, and growth. It plays a role in protecting against infections and supports immune function. It is found in foods like liver, fish oil, orange fruits, and dark leafy vegetables.
It is necessary for immune function, collagen formation, and iron absorption. It plays a role as an antioxidant, helps in wound healing, and supports infection defense. It is found in foods like citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, peppers, tomatoes, and broccoli.
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Transcript
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
(Glucose, saccharose)
Lipids
(Fats, oils)
Vitamins
(C, K)
Mineral salts
(KCl, NaCl)
Proteins
(Amino acid, pepties)
Nutrients are substances in food that provide energy and support the body's growth and overall health. They include macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids; and micronutrients such as vitamins, mineral salts. Each nutrient plays a specific role, such as energy supply, tissue building, and regulating body processes. A balanced diet is essential to get all these nutrients. They contein three elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Eros Parlante 4^F
Carbohydrates
/ˌpɒl.ɪˈsæk.ər.aɪd/
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
/daɪˈsæk.ə.raɪd/
Monosaccharides
/ˌmɒn.əʊˈsæk.ər.aɪd/
They are the simplest form of Carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolyzed; they usually have 3 or 4 carbon atoms, are soluble, and easily digested.Example- Glucose: it is found in blood, fruit juice and honey.
- Fructose: it is found in honey and fruit juice.
They are made up of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.Example
They are very complex carbohydrates made up of chains of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides.Example
Eros Parlante 4^F
Lipids
They are a group of macromolecules consisting of fatty acids and other derivatives that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Saturated fats
/ˌsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪd ˈfæt/
Unsaturated fats
Waxes
Steroids
/ʌnˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪ ˈfæt/
/wækst/
/ˈste.rɔɪd/
Ex:- Hormones
- Chlorophyll
- Cholesterol
They are complex lipids and are liquid at room temperture.Ex:- Olive oil
- Sunflower oil
- Flaxseed oil
They are simple lipids and are solid at room temperture.Ex:- Butter
- Cheese
- Red meat
They are soft and plastic at room temperture.Ex:- Beeswax
- Candle wax
Eros Parlante 4^F
Proteins
Functions:- Structural: Form muscles, skin, hair, nails.
- Enzymatic: All vital reactions in the body are catlyzed by enzymes (which are proteins).
- Transport: Responsible for moving molecules, for example the hemoglobin trasports oxygen.
- Defense: Antibodies are proteins essential for immune defense
The most proteins are found in: meat, fish, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts, and cereals.
They are Chemical compounds made up of chains of amino acids. Proteins are soluble in water, essential for vital functions, and constructed from 20 different amino acids (8 are essential).
8 amino acids are essential (must be taken in with food); the other 12 can be synthesized by the human body.
Peptides and Polypeptides
Amino Acids
/ˈpep.taɪd/ | /ˌpɒl.iˈpep.taɪd/
ˈæmənou ˈæsid
They are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are water-soluble molecules containing a basic amine group (-NH₂) and an acid carboxyl group (-COOH).
When amino acids are joined together they form peptides (short chains) or polypeptides (long chains). Proteins consist of one or more interacting polypeptides, sometimes twisted or spiraled.
Vitamins
Water-soluble Vitamins
ˈwɔːtə ˈsɒljəbəl ˈvɪtəmɪnz
Fats-soluble Vitamins
fæt ˈsɒljəbəl ˈvɪtəmɪnz
They are found in bloods tream. Example: vitamins B, C.
They are found in fats tissues and liver. Example: vitamins A, D, E, K.
Our body needs vitamins to work properly. Without vitamins, humans may develop diseases like pellagra or rickets. They speed up chemical reactions in our body. The most important vitamins are A, B, C, D, E, and K.
It is necessary for metabolic activities, red blood cell formation, and the nervous system. It plays a role in activating enzymes, carrying oxygen, and producing energy. It is found in foods like fish, meat, eggs, dairy products, cereals, and green vegetables.
It is necessary for blood clotting and bone strength. It plays a role in producing proteins needed for clotting. It is found in foods like green leafy vegetables, liver, and dairy products.
It is fondamental for cell protection and healthy skin. It functions as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. It is found in foods like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables.
It is essential for bone and teeth health and for calcium absorption. It plays a role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels. It is found in foods like fish liver oil, egg yolk, and through sun exposure.
It is important for eyesight, skin, and growth. It plays a role in protecting against infections and supports immune function. It is found in foods like liver, fish oil, orange fruits, and dark leafy vegetables.
It is necessary for immune function, collagen formation, and iron absorption. It plays a role as an antioxidant, helps in wound healing, and supports infection defense. It is found in foods like citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, peppers, tomatoes, and broccoli.
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