B2.1 1B Auxiliary Verbs

1B Auxiliary Verbs

Generally used to:

• Create Tenses
• Make negatives
• Make questions

Modal Verbs

(Modal Auxiliaries)

CAN COULD MAY MIGHT MUST

SHALL SHOULD WILL WOULD

Auxiliary

Verbs

DO BE HAVE

Let's rewind!

1B Auxiliary Verbs

Avoid repeating the main verb.

I love cats, but my husband doesn't.

I am going to the party, but she isn't.

They haven't arrived yet, but Jim has.

I can't ride a bike, but Ricard can.

1B Auxiliary Verbs

With so and neither to agree.

To agree with an affirmative verb:

SO + Aux. + Subject

A: I loved his latest film. B: So did I.

A: Mike can sing very well. B: So can Ivan.

Let's rewind!

1B Auxiliary Verbs

With so and neither to agree.

To agree with a negative verb:

NEITHER (NOR) + Aux. + Subject

A: I haven't finished the book yet. B: Neither/Nor have I.

A: Kevin shouldn't drink so much alcohol. B: Neither/Nor should you.

Let's rewind!

1B Auxiliary Verbs

To disagree.

To disagree with a negative statement we use an affirmative auxiliary:

A: I don't like shopping online. B: I do. I buy a lot of my clothes online.

A: Kevin shouldn't drink so much alcohol. B: He should. He needs to enjoy life.

1B Auxiliary Verbs

To disagree.

To disagree with an affirmative statement we use a negative auxiliary:

A:You are always complaining! B: I am not. You are!

A: I can B: He should. He needs to enjoy life.

1B Auxiliary Verbs

To make 'reply questions' to show interest or surprise.

A: I went to a psychic yesterday. B: Did you?

A: I couldn't finish watching OT last night. B: Couldn't you?

1B Auxiliary Verbs

To show emphasis in a positive sentence.

With Present Simple and Past Simple we add:

Do/Does or Did + Main Verb

A: You didn't lock the door! B: I did lock it.

A: Didn't she call you? B: She did call me.

1B Auxiliary Verbs

To show emphasis in a positive sentence.

With other auxiliaries:

Auxiliary is stressed and never contracted.

A: Silvia isn't coming. B: She is coming. I've spoken to her.

A: Mark won't pass the exam. B: He will pass it. I trust him.

1B Auxiliary Verbs

To make question tags.

With affirmative statements, negative questions:

She can speak Italian, can't she?

With negative statements, affirmative questions:

You won't forget, will you?

Present Simple

do/does

She doesn't speak French.

Past Simple

did

Did Andrew go to school today?

Present Continuous

am/is/are

The teacher is working late tonight.

was/were

Past Continuous

We were studying English last night.

Present Perfect

have/has

She hasn't finished painting the walls yet.

Past Perfect

had

We had eaten when they arrived.

Future Simple

will

The whole class will go to the meeting.

Modal Verbs

can/could/should/would/might/must

We all should study more.