wow
The Inquiry Model
By: Valerie Heard and Savannah Hudson CIED 5301 Professor Wagnon Note: This is an interactive presentation. Please click on each thing in every slide. It reveals something new. Clicking in the top right corner will allow you to view all clickable items.
go!
Table of Contents
Origins of the inquiry model
What is the inquiry model?
What does inquiry mean to you?
Origins of model
Overview of the model
Opening question
General Inquiry Model Steps
Different Inquiry Model Steps and Types
History of the Model
Genreal Inquiry Model Steps
Steps and types of the model
General history
Inquiry Model Effectiveness
Real Life Application
When should the model be applied?
Research of effectiveness.
The inquiry model in practice.
Application
Benefits & Challenges
Differentiation in the Model
Planning for the Inquiry Model
Pros and cons of the model.
Content, process, and product.
Steps of planning.
References
Discussion Questions
Class questions for discussion board.
Process Oriented Model means: A sequence of activities
What is the inquiry model?
- The inquiry model is a process oriented instructional model. Throughout the model students learn how to solve a problem and be apart of the problem solving process.
In the process of the inquiry model students:
- Investigate by examining or posing a problem
- Forming a hypothesis
- Analyzing data
- Testing their Hypothesis.
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
This model originated in the sciences.
Where did the Inquiry Model Originate?
As stated previously, this model originated in the sciences. The scientific method is the most widely accepted form of the inquiry model. The origins of this first inquiry model were in the Book of Optics written by Ibn al-Haytham around the 11th century. In this book the inquiry model is considered a structured approach for conducting inquiry about something that has happened in science. Around the 20th century several more inquiry models were developed from funding from the National Defense Education Act. This was in reaction to the launch of the Spuntik.
- Inquiry Models from that time period include:
- Biological Science Inquiry Model
- The Learning Cycle
- Suchman Inquiry Training Model
- WebQuest Model
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
The Inquiry Model Origin Quick Check
History of the Model
There are several inquiry models that have been created and they are all necessary. The reason they are all necessary is because they all serve a different community. There has been research against all the models. In some ways they are similar, but each one is unique in its own way. Each communities model is infleunced by:
- Specific problems that confront the community.
- How the community perceives the problems.
- Tools that the community has access to when solving the problem.
- Best methods to address the problem.
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Click Here
Different Inquiry Model Steps and Types
Each model and community views the steps of inquiry differently, but the models still share common characteristics. Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Stages Checking for Understanding
The Inquiry Model Steps
Here you can see that the general steps of the inquiry model are very similar to the scientific method. Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Scientific Method
What do you think? Fill in the response to the question below.
When should the Inquiry Model be Applied?
Teach Metacognitive Thinking
Cognitive Process Skills
Problem Solving
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Real Life Application of the Model Source: (Kilbane & Milman, 2014)
Music
History
Science
This is the subject where the model originated
This allows students to think deeply about genre types.
This is how historians find answers to their topics.
+ info
+ info
+ info
The students are asked to listen to a song and asked what genre of music they think the song is? Step 1: The teacher plays the song and poses the question. Step 2: Students make a hypothesis of the genre they think it is. Step 3: Students are allowed to search the internet to gather data. Step 4: Students will examine their hypothesis and the information they found while researching. Step 5: Students summarize their internet findings. Step 6: Students reflect on their findings and the song genre.
The students are posed with the question: "What happened to slaves after their owners died? " Step 1: The teacher poses the question. Step 2: Students form a hypothesis to the question. Step 3: The teacher gives them a data base to examine research. Step 4: Students analyze their research findings on the topic. Step 5: The teacher asks them to make a general statement on their findings. Step 6: Students reflect on their process. This was to teach them the process on how historians "do history".
Students are asked to build a bridge to hold 20 pennies: Step 1: Given the ask of building the bridge. Step 2: They make a hypothesis about building the bridge. Step 3: They build their bridges and test their hypothesis. Step 4: They analyze their data from testing their bridge. Step 5: They make a general statement about the findings with their bridge. Step 6: Students reflect on what they did and learned.
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Inquiry Model Effectiveness Research
In a 3 year study of the Inquiry Model Application, conducted in Alabama, for 5th Grade Math and Science students, the results were as follows: Therefore, the inquiry model was effective for this school. Note: I was intrigued by this study because I teach in a rural elementary school. Quote from the study:
" It was seen that there was a significant improvement for many student subgroups when the method of instruction followed inquiry based techniques. "(Taylor & Bilbrey, 2004)
"This study investigated the effectiveness of inquiry based instruction in improving themathematics and science achievement of fifth graders in a rural elementary school in south Alabama as measured by standardized achievement scores. "(Taylor & Bilbrey, 2004)
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Science
English Language Arts
Inquiry Based Questions
History
Math
Planning to Teach with Inquiry
establish the content is a good match for the inquiry model
determine the accessibility of the data needed for analysis
craft a good inquiry question or problem
determine the level of inquiry
Differentiation
Content
Teacher can pick research material based on reading levels and student interest. Different media can be presented between -standard text -podcast -websites
Process
Different levels of teacher involvement can be chosen. Decide if the inquiry level is -guided -structured -open
Product
Create a menu of how information is presented. It could be a -slideshow -lab report -podcast -journal reflection -etc.
Benefits & Challenges
- promotes active engaged learning
- develops cogntive process skills
- facilitates student understanding
- supports life long learning and real world connections
- can include student interest
- not knowing where to start (unstructured)
- students may not all learn the same thing or necessary information
- time taken for research
- access to relevent data or information
The Value of Adding Technology
Technology can allow teachers to -plan their content -create pre assessments -connect with experts -create post assessments
Technology can allow students to -research on multiple sites --organize their information -present their learning in a variety of ways
Discussion Board Questions:
1. How can you apply the inquiry model to your current teaching role? 2. Do you think this model is appropriate for all levels of learning? If not, what level is the most appropriate? (Levels of learning: Early Childhood, Intermediate, Middle School and High School? ) Questions are a central feature of the Inquiry model. Can the same question be used for confirmatory, structured, and guided inquiry? Explain why or why not.
References:
Khan Academy. (n.d.). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/intro-to-biology/science-of-biology/v/the-scientific-method Kilbane, C. R., & Milman, N. B. (2014). Teaching models: Designing instruction for 21st Century learners. Pearson.Kuykendall, M. (2022, September 14). 4 Common Obstacles to Implementing Inquiry-Based Learning—and How to Overcome Them. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/4-common-obstacles-implementing-inquiry-based-learning-and-how-overcome-them/MacKenzie, T. (2016, December 1). Bringing Inquiry-Based Learning Into Your Class. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/bringing-inquiry-based-learning-into-your-class-trevor-mackenzie/ Taylor, J., & Bilbrey, J. (2004). Effectiveness of inquiry based and teacher directed instruction in an Alabama elementary school. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies.
What is freedom?
What changed in Germany as a result of WWII?
What makes a good citizen?
How does conflict lead to change?
Which type of government best benefits its citizens?
Each Model Involves
- Students that are active in the discovery process.
- Using higher order thinking skills.
- Emphasis on the importance of the learning process and product of learning.
- Discovery through a specific process.
Content that is best taught using problem-based approach or is discovery-driven are best for the inquiry model. Students should be able to explore a problem and analyze data.
What is the most useful shape?
How can I get to the answer of 12?
How many ways can I make $1.00?
What strategies can we use to solve a multi-step equation?
How can we measure a boat?
If using confirmatory, structured or guided inquiry think of a good question.Good questions are...-interesting -open ended -researchable & testable Questions can have more than one right answer if needed.
why
What
How
Before choosing a model. Teachers need to know if they have acess to finding the data in order for students to be successful.
Data is essential!
How many types of poems are there?
Which writer made the biggest impact of their time?
What makes a memorable speech?
What do we learn from fairy tales?
What makes a novel fiction?
Structured Inquiry
Confirmatory Inquiry
Students confirm a principle through an activity when the restults are known in advance.
Students investigate a teacher-presented question through a given procedure.
Ex: Teacher ask students "What happens to ice when it gets warm?" Then gives students materials, and steps to follow. Students observer and find rsults.
Ex: Students do an expirement proving plants need sunlight. Students are given the question, steps, and expected outcome.
Pick a level of inquiry.
based on information that is given to the students
Guided Inquiry
Open Inquiry
Students investigate a teacher presented question using student selected procedures.
Students investigate topic-related questions that are student formulated through student selected procedures.
Ex: Teacher ask students "How can technology both positively and negatively impact society?" Students investigate and answer on their own.
All student choice from what to research and how.
The Scientific Method
According to Khan Academy: The steps in the scientific method are: 1.) Make an observation. 2.) Ask a question. 3.) Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. 4.) Make a prediction based on the hypothesis. 5.) Test the prediction. 6.) Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions.
Teach Metacognitive Thinking:
This is the ability to "reflect on and examine one's thinking. " (Kilbane & Milman, 2014) In the inquiry model, you form your own idea through a hypothesis and later analyze your ideas.
Procedural Knowledge of Problem Solving.
Steps:
- Identify or frame a problem.
- Apply knowledge or skills in a better effort to understand the problem.
- Initiate actions to address or solve the problem.
- Consider the impact of actions taken.
This must be taught and practiced frequently for success.
How is a plants structure designed to help it grow?
Does the type of soil effect how much water is retained?
Which type of chocolate melts the quickest?
Does the moon phase effect the tides?
How are rocks formed?
Develop Students Cognitive Process Skills
Rememeber Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create Note: The stages of analyze and evaluate encourage higher order conitive thinking.
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Transcript
wow
The Inquiry Model
By: Valerie Heard and Savannah Hudson CIED 5301 Professor Wagnon Note: This is an interactive presentation. Please click on each thing in every slide. It reveals something new. Clicking in the top right corner will allow you to view all clickable items.
go!
Table of Contents
Origins of the inquiry model
What is the inquiry model?
What does inquiry mean to you?
Origins of model
Overview of the model
Opening question
General Inquiry Model Steps
Different Inquiry Model Steps and Types
History of the Model
Genreal Inquiry Model Steps
Steps and types of the model
General history
Inquiry Model Effectiveness
Real Life Application
When should the model be applied?
Research of effectiveness.
The inquiry model in practice.
Application
Benefits & Challenges
Differentiation in the Model
Planning for the Inquiry Model
Pros and cons of the model.
Content, process, and product.
Steps of planning.
References
Discussion Questions
Class questions for discussion board.
Process Oriented Model means: A sequence of activities
What is the inquiry model?
- The inquiry model is a process oriented instructional model. Throughout the model students learn how to solve a problem and be apart of the problem solving process.
In the process of the inquiry model students:- Investigate by examining or posing a problem
- Forming a hypothesis
- Analyzing data
- Testing their Hypothesis.
Kilbane and Milman (2014)This model originated in the sciences.
Where did the Inquiry Model Originate?
As stated previously, this model originated in the sciences. The scientific method is the most widely accepted form of the inquiry model. The origins of this first inquiry model were in the Book of Optics written by Ibn al-Haytham around the 11th century. In this book the inquiry model is considered a structured approach for conducting inquiry about something that has happened in science. Around the 20th century several more inquiry models were developed from funding from the National Defense Education Act. This was in reaction to the launch of the Spuntik.
- Inquiry Models from that time period include:
- Biological Science Inquiry Model
- The Learning Cycle
- Suchman Inquiry Training Model
- WebQuest Model
Kilbane and Milman (2014)The Inquiry Model Origin Quick Check
History of the Model
There are several inquiry models that have been created and they are all necessary. The reason they are all necessary is because they all serve a different community. There has been research against all the models. In some ways they are similar, but each one is unique in its own way. Each communities model is infleunced by:
- Specific problems that confront the community.
- How the community perceives the problems.
- Tools that the community has access to when solving the problem.
- Best methods to address the problem.
Kilbane and Milman (2014)Click Here
Different Inquiry Model Steps and Types
Each model and community views the steps of inquiry differently, but the models still share common characteristics. Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Stages Checking for Understanding
The Inquiry Model Steps
Here you can see that the general steps of the inquiry model are very similar to the scientific method. Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Scientific Method
What do you think? Fill in the response to the question below.
When should the Inquiry Model be Applied?
Teach Metacognitive Thinking
Cognitive Process Skills
Problem Solving
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Real Life Application of the Model Source: (Kilbane & Milman, 2014)
Music
History
Science
This is the subject where the model originated
This allows students to think deeply about genre types.
This is how historians find answers to their topics.
+ info
+ info
+ info
The students are asked to listen to a song and asked what genre of music they think the song is? Step 1: The teacher plays the song and poses the question. Step 2: Students make a hypothesis of the genre they think it is. Step 3: Students are allowed to search the internet to gather data. Step 4: Students will examine their hypothesis and the information they found while researching. Step 5: Students summarize their internet findings. Step 6: Students reflect on their findings and the song genre.
The students are posed with the question: "What happened to slaves after their owners died? " Step 1: The teacher poses the question. Step 2: Students form a hypothesis to the question. Step 3: The teacher gives them a data base to examine research. Step 4: Students analyze their research findings on the topic. Step 5: The teacher asks them to make a general statement on their findings. Step 6: Students reflect on their process. This was to teach them the process on how historians "do history".
Students are asked to build a bridge to hold 20 pennies: Step 1: Given the ask of building the bridge. Step 2: They make a hypothesis about building the bridge. Step 3: They build their bridges and test their hypothesis. Step 4: They analyze their data from testing their bridge. Step 5: They make a general statement about the findings with their bridge. Step 6: Students reflect on what they did and learned.
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Inquiry Model Effectiveness Research
In a 3 year study of the Inquiry Model Application, conducted in Alabama, for 5th Grade Math and Science students, the results were as follows: Therefore, the inquiry model was effective for this school. Note: I was intrigued by this study because I teach in a rural elementary school. Quote from the study:
" It was seen that there was a significant improvement for many student subgroups when the method of instruction followed inquiry based techniques. "(Taylor & Bilbrey, 2004)
"This study investigated the effectiveness of inquiry based instruction in improving themathematics and science achievement of fifth graders in a rural elementary school in south Alabama as measured by standardized achievement scores. "(Taylor & Bilbrey, 2004)
Kilbane and Milman (2014)
Science
English Language Arts
Inquiry Based Questions
History
Math
Planning to Teach with Inquiry
establish the content is a good match for the inquiry model
determine the accessibility of the data needed for analysis
craft a good inquiry question or problem
determine the level of inquiry
Differentiation
Content
Teacher can pick research material based on reading levels and student interest. Different media can be presented between -standard text -podcast -websites
Process
Different levels of teacher involvement can be chosen. Decide if the inquiry level is -guided -structured -open
Product
Create a menu of how information is presented. It could be a -slideshow -lab report -podcast -journal reflection -etc.
Benefits & Challenges
The Value of Adding Technology
Technology can allow teachers to -plan their content -create pre assessments -connect with experts -create post assessments
Technology can allow students to -research on multiple sites --organize their information -present their learning in a variety of ways
Discussion Board Questions:
1. How can you apply the inquiry model to your current teaching role? 2. Do you think this model is appropriate for all levels of learning? If not, what level is the most appropriate? (Levels of learning: Early Childhood, Intermediate, Middle School and High School? ) Questions are a central feature of the Inquiry model. Can the same question be used for confirmatory, structured, and guided inquiry? Explain why or why not.
References:
Khan Academy. (n.d.). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/intro-to-biology/science-of-biology/v/the-scientific-method Kilbane, C. R., & Milman, N. B. (2014). Teaching models: Designing instruction for 21st Century learners. Pearson.Kuykendall, M. (2022, September 14). 4 Common Obstacles to Implementing Inquiry-Based Learning—and How to Overcome Them. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/4-common-obstacles-implementing-inquiry-based-learning-and-how-overcome-them/MacKenzie, T. (2016, December 1). Bringing Inquiry-Based Learning Into Your Class. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/bringing-inquiry-based-learning-into-your-class-trevor-mackenzie/ Taylor, J., & Bilbrey, J. (2004). Effectiveness of inquiry based and teacher directed instruction in an Alabama elementary school. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies.
What is freedom?
What changed in Germany as a result of WWII?
What makes a good citizen?
How does conflict lead to change?
Which type of government best benefits its citizens?
Each Model Involves
Content that is best taught using problem-based approach or is discovery-driven are best for the inquiry model. Students should be able to explore a problem and analyze data.
What is the most useful shape?
How can I get to the answer of 12?
How many ways can I make $1.00?
What strategies can we use to solve a multi-step equation?
How can we measure a boat?
If using confirmatory, structured or guided inquiry think of a good question.Good questions are...-interesting -open ended -researchable & testable Questions can have more than one right answer if needed.
why
What
How
Before choosing a model. Teachers need to know if they have acess to finding the data in order for students to be successful.
Data is essential!
How many types of poems are there?
Which writer made the biggest impact of their time?
What makes a memorable speech?
What do we learn from fairy tales?
What makes a novel fiction?
Structured Inquiry
Confirmatory Inquiry
Students confirm a principle through an activity when the restults are known in advance.
Students investigate a teacher-presented question through a given procedure.
Ex: Teacher ask students "What happens to ice when it gets warm?" Then gives students materials, and steps to follow. Students observer and find rsults.
Ex: Students do an expirement proving plants need sunlight. Students are given the question, steps, and expected outcome.
Pick a level of inquiry.
based on information that is given to the students
Guided Inquiry
Open Inquiry
Students investigate a teacher presented question using student selected procedures.
Students investigate topic-related questions that are student formulated through student selected procedures.
Ex: Teacher ask students "How can technology both positively and negatively impact society?" Students investigate and answer on their own.
All student choice from what to research and how.
The Scientific Method
According to Khan Academy: The steps in the scientific method are: 1.) Make an observation. 2.) Ask a question. 3.) Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. 4.) Make a prediction based on the hypothesis. 5.) Test the prediction. 6.) Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions.
Teach Metacognitive Thinking:
This is the ability to "reflect on and examine one's thinking. " (Kilbane & Milman, 2014) In the inquiry model, you form your own idea through a hypothesis and later analyze your ideas.
Procedural Knowledge of Problem Solving.
Steps:
- Identify or frame a problem.
- Apply knowledge or skills in a better effort to understand the problem.
- Initiate actions to address or solve the problem.
- Consider the impact of actions taken.
This must be taught and practiced frequently for success.How is a plants structure designed to help it grow?
Does the type of soil effect how much water is retained?
Which type of chocolate melts the quickest?
Does the moon phase effect the tides?
How are rocks formed?
Develop Students Cognitive Process Skills
Rememeber Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create Note: The stages of analyze and evaluate encourage higher order conitive thinking.