psychology test 2 FLASHCARDs

· Instinct has to do with protective reflex for survival (e.g. fight or flight) · Drive Reduction has to do with hunger and thirst motivating eating and drinking · Arousal has to do with maintaining comfortable levels of activity & stimulation · Incentive has to do with motivation for rewards, and to avoid punishment

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the role of the hypothalamus (what it monitors in the blood)

Flip

The hypothalamous monitors glucose levels in the blood

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the role of leptin

Flip

In obesity there is a higher level of the hormone leptin. Primarily produced by fat cells, main role is to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know what was said in your notes about fat cells

Flip

People who struggle with obesity have inherited a higher number of fat cells

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the key features that distinguish anorexia and bulimia

Flip

With anorexia 1. Weight loss is less than 85% of that expected 2. Amenorrhea, loss of period3. Occurs after serious dieting With bulemia 1. Binging on large quantities of food2. Guilt, depression, loss of control

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the subtypes that characterize anorexia

Flip

Restrictive type Binge-eating/purging type

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the subtypes that characterize bulimia

Flip

Purging type: Induced vomiting Non-purging type: fasting, excessive exercise

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

·Be familiar with the Eating Disorder NOS criteria (and examples)

Flip

Used when symptoms are significant/concerning but don't meet criteria of bulimia or anorexia.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the terminology for loss of menstrual cycle

Flip

Amenorrhea

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the difference (and examples) of the James-Lang, and Cannon-Bard theories

Flip

James Lang- emotions are a reaction to bodily response ex.) "I feel scared because my heart is racing" Cannon-Bard - both physiological arousal and emotional experience occure simultaneously ex.) Walking alone at night and suddenly hear footsteps behind you. Your heart starts racing, your muscles tense, and you begin to sweat. While you feel intense fear at the same moment.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the procedures and outcomes of the Schachter-Singer study (what was administered to subjects, what the two experimental conditions were, and what the outcome was)

Flip

-All subjects were given Epinephrine (adrenaline) Conditions -those told they were given a "vitamin injection" -those told they were getting epinephrine -waiting room with an angry confederate -after, participants were asked to describe their emotions Conculsion -Those in the "vitamin" group were more likely to report feeling angry because they needed an explanation for their symptoms.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Id, Ego and Superego

Flip

Id - born with it. Only wants to satisfy our needs, urges and desires. Has no concept of consequences. Pleasure principle. Ego - develops through exposure to reinforcement and punishment. Concerned w/consequnces but not concept of morals. Wants to satisfy the Id, but w/o getting caught. Reality principle. Superego - Develops through exposure to role models, good + bad. Not necessarily an angel. Can be toxic and rigid.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Freud’s psychosexual stages of development.

Flip

-Oral (0-18months), development milestone -Anal (18-36 months), Anal retentive, Anal exposure -Phallic (3-6years), Oedipal Complex -Latency (6yrs-puberty), Calm before the storm preperation for puberty -Genital (puberty+), Redirectin romantic attraction away from parent and onto oppposite sex peers.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the difference between repression, rationalization, projection, and reaction-formation

Flip

Repression: Psychological amnesia for traumatic events.Rationalization: Justifying unexceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Projection: Drowning uncomfy thoughts and feelings, seeing them in someone else instead. Reaction Foramtion: Going to the oppposite extreme of uncomfy thoughts and feelings.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the difference between projection, displacement, and sublimation

Flip

Projection: Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to someone else.Displacement: Redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one. Sublimation: Changes how the feeling is expressed (into something socially valued).

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· What is the MMPI “personality” inventory truly measuring? · What are the two lie detectors of the MMPI?

Flip

- Truly measuring: Depression, Mania, Schizophrenia, Paranoria -Lie detectors: Faking bad (exaggerating symptoms)Faking good ( minimizing symptoms)

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· What questions are asked on the Thematic Apperception Test? · What is the question on the Thematic Apperception Test, about the future, intended to assess?

Flip

- Multiple cards - up to discretion of evaluator - Asseses for pesamism and optimism

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

What is needed for the Rorschach responses to be valid?

Flip

- There needs to be a minimum of 15 responses, across the 10 cards for the results to be valid.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

On the Person Standing in the Rain, what does the sun mean? What do puddles mean?

Flip

- The sun means optimism and the belief that difficulties are temporary and better times are coming.- Puddles suggest prolonged stressors.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the difference between statistical rarity and norm violation

Flip

Statistical rarity = uncommon in numbers. Norm violation = socially unacceptable or culturally inappropriate.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know which of the 5 criteria are consistent indicators of pathology and dysfunction, and which ones AREN’T consistent indicators

Flip

Significant Distress, impairment in functioning and harm to self or others are consitent indicators of pathology and dysfunction. Statistical rarity and norm violation are not consistent indicators of pathology and dysfunction.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Be familiar with the depressive brain, what happens with each depressive episode, and what this is called

Flip

With each depressive episode our brain becomes more vulnerable to a larger depressive disorder, this is called the Kindling Effect

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Primary symptoms of major depressive order

Flip

Minimum of 2 weeks of symptoms including: -Social withdrawl, isolation -Loss of interest/pleasure -Changes in appetite -Sad mood most of the time -Hypersomnia -Insomnia -Suicidal Ideation

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Primary symptoms of the manic episode of biploer disorder

Flip

-Excessive energy -Decreased need for sleep, but NOT insomnia -Extremely elevated or angry mood -Impulsive high risk behavior -> excessive spending sexual indescretion reckless driving

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Primary symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), With compulsions, what criteria need to be met for the behavior to be consistent with a diagnosis of OCD?

Flip

-Compulsions temporarily aleiviate the obsessive anxiety -Negative reinforcement -Compulsions are neither rational nor goal directed

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Criteria for both substance abuse and neglect. Example/ notes used to illustrate each.

Flip

Substance Abuse - Continuing to use despite negative consequences ex.) Individual who occasionally drinks, but starts binge drinking leading to social and academic problems. Although not yet dependent, behavior is interfering with daily life. Substance Dependent - Withdrawl, or needing more ex.) Individuals who use opiods everyday, experiences withdrawl symptoms when trying stop. Need increasing amounts to feel the same effect.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

What charcterizes dissociative disorders?

Flip

Discontinuity in consciousness memory, identity, or perception

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

What distinguishes dissociative amnesia from dissociative identity disorder?

Flip

Dissociative Amnesia - Blocking out traumatic events Dissociative Identity Disorder - Blackouts, another identity takes over your body

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Features of ANTISOCIAL personality disorder

Flip

-Disregard for and violation of others’ rights -Deceitfulness and manipulation -Impulsivity and irresponsibility -Lack of remorse for harmful actions -Often associated with criminal behavior and aggression

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Defining features of borderline personality disorder

Flip

-Intense fear of abandonment -Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships -Identity disturbance (unstable self-image) -Emotional instability and impulsivity -Chronic feelings of emptiness -Self-harm or suicidal behaviors in some cases

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Defining Features of PICA

Flip

Consumption of non-edible substances

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Defining Features of trichotillomania

Flip

Compulsive hair pulling

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

Know the three subtypes of ADHD

Flip

Inattentive Type Hyperactive-Impulsive Type Combined Type

· The ABC & D of Emotions a. Know the word(s) associated with each of these letters - A=Activating Event, B=Beliefs, C=Consequence, D=Dispute b. What is the biggest contributor to our difficult or excessive emotions? - Beliefs c. What is the primary therapeutic goal of this approach (what does ‘D’ not only stand for, but what does it entail)? - To challenge and replace irrational beliefs that cause excessive emotional distress.

· The Duke 1999 Study a. What are the three experimental groups to which depressed participants were randomly assigned? - Exercise, Exercise & Antidepressant, ONLY Antidepressant b. What was the outcome of the initial 16-week portion of the study? - Results were that all three groups imporved significantly and equally c. What were the relapse rates for each of the experimental groups in the 6-month follow-up study? - Exercise: 8%, Exercise & Antidepressant: 31%, ONLY Antidepressant: 38%