psychology test 2 FLASHCARDs

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Michael was running in his first 5k race. His heart was racing, and his lungs were breathing rapidly both from the physical exertion of the race and because of the excitement. As he crossed the finish line, bystanders handed him a cup of grape Gatorade. With his heart and lungs still racing, he drank the refreshing beverage. Since the race, he started noticing that anytime he drinks grape Gatorade, his heart starts beating faster and his respiration increases. Classical conditioning has clearly taken place

• In this example, racing heart and lungs in reaction the Gatorade is what type of classical conditioning response?

Flip

Conditioned Response

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Michael was running in his first 5k race. His heart was racing, and his lungs were breathing rapidly both from the physical exertion of the race and because of the excitement. As he crossed the finish line, bystanders handed him a cup of grape Gatorade. With his heart and lungs still racing, he drank the refreshing beverage. Since the race, he started noticing that anytime he drinks grape Gatorade, his heart starts beating faster and his respiration increases. Classical conditioning has clearly taken place

• In this example, what is the unconditioned stimulus?

Flip

The race itself/physical extertion

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Michael was running in his first 5k race. His heart was racing, and his lungs were breathing rapidly both from the physical exertion of the race and because of the excitement. As he crossed the finish line, bystanders handed him a cup of grape Gatorade. With his heart and lungs still racing, he drank the refreshing beverage. Since the race, he started noticing that anytime he drinks grape Gatorade, his heart starts beating faster and his respiration increases. Classical conditioning has clearly taken place

•• In this example, frequency refers to what?

Flip

The number of times michael's heart start racing and lungs start breathing rapidly in response to drinking the grape Gatorade

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Michael was running in his first 5k race. His heart was racing, and his lungs were breathing rapidly both from the physical exertion of the race and because of the excitement. As he crossed the finish line, bystanders handed him a cup of grape Gatorade. With his heart and lungs still racing, he drank the refreshing beverage. Since the race, he started noticing that anytime he drinks grape Gatorade, his heart starts beating faster and his respiration increases. Classical conditioning has clearly taken place

• • After 6 months since the 5k race, Michael is no longer experiencing a racing heart and accelerated breathing when drinking grape Gatorade. What would have to happen in order for spontaneous recovery to take place? What about reconditioning?

Flip

For spontaneous recovery, the racing heart and rapid breathing would reappear after a period of no exposure to grape Gatorade. For reconditioning, you would need to repeatedly pair grape Gatorade (conditioned stimulus) with racing. (unconditioned stimulus).

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Michael was running in his first 5k race. His heart was racing, and his lungs were breathing rapidly both from the physical exertion of the race and because of the excitement. As he crossed the finish line, bystanders handed him a cup of grape Gatorade. With his heart and lungs still racing, he drank the refreshing beverage. Since the race, he started noticing that anytime he drinks grape Gatorade, his heart starts beating faster and his respiration increases. Classical conditioning has clearly taken place

• If Michael experienced accelerated breathing and heart rate ONLY when drinking grape Gatorade, but he can drink all other flavors with no increase in heart rate or breathing, what is this called?

Flip

Stimulus Discrimination (Stimulus generalization would be reacting to all the flavors)

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· illustrate examples of behavior and its consequence. You will need to tell me if it is positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, or negative punishment.

Flip

Adding something pleasant is positive reinforcement. Removing something unpleasent is negative reinforcement Adding something unpleasant is positive punishment Removing something pleasant is negative punishment

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

·Give examples (from class) for fixed and variable ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement.

Flip

Fixed Interval: Getting a paychek every two weeks Variable Ratio: Slot machines

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Give definitions and examples of encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Flip

Encoding: Studying, attempting to learn new infoStorage: Memorizing, retaining the info Retrieval: Using, accessing stored info

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· What does 7 plus or minus 2 refer to, and how long does information stay in sensory and short memory?

Flip

7 plus or minus 2 refers to the average amount of info we can hold in short-term memory at one time. Short-term Memory: fades in 18-30 seconds Sensory Memory: fades in less than one second, if no converted to short-term.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Give definitions and examples for the three types of information stored in long term memory (semantic, episodic, and procedural)

Flip

Semantic: Memory for factual evidence Episodic: Memory for personal experiences Procedural: Memory for how to do something

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Give definitions and examples of the two types of schema distortions (omission and insertion)

Flip

Omission: Omitting/deleting something that is present, inconsistent with our schema. Insertion: Inserting/adding something that is missing or should have been there, according to our schema

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Concepts of encoding specificity principle, with examples of state and context dependent learning

Flip

Encoding Specificity Principle: Variables that are present during encoding help trigger our memory if they are also present during retrieval. Contect Dependent Ex: listening to music while studying State Dependent Ex: Intoxicated learning, tired, cold

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Be familiar with the Loftus & Palmer experiment covered in class. To what varying conditions were participants assigned in the first portion of the experiment?

Flip

All participants watched a video of a car accident, then asked to estimate the speed, but were randomly assigned a different word that varied in intensity. More inetnse the word, the greater the speed.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Give definitions and examples of retroactive and proactive interference.

Flip

Retroactive: When a new memory interferes with the retrieval of an old memory. Ex.) Getting a new phone number, you may forget your old one. ( back in time )Proactive: When an old memory interferes with the retrival of a new memory. Ex.) calling a new friend by an old friends name. ( forward in time )

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Give definitions and examples of the other kinds of forgetting (encoding failure and decay)

Flip

Coding Failure: Never succesfully learned it in the first place ( Ex: not retaining info from studying )Decay: Memory tends to fade over time from lack of use ( Ex: learning long division in school and never using it, you forget how to do it )

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· • As indicated in class, the first intelligence test was created for what reason and for what population?

Flip

Created by Alfred Binet the IQ test was made to identify special educational needs for students (caucasian demographic)

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the formula for calculating IQ and be able to apply that to a particular case (you will be given the age of the person and the age at which they are functioning based on their test score)

Flip

Formula for I.Q = (M.A/C.A) mulitplied by 100 Ex.) M.A = 7 and C.A= 10 so 7/10 times 100 = 70

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Know the age ranges for each of the three of David Wechsler’s intelligence tests (WPPSI, WISC, WAIS)

Flip

WPPSI: 2.5 - 7 years oldWISC: 6 - 17 years oldWAIS: 16 - 91 years old

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Be familiar with the concepts and illustrations of norms and standardization.

Flip

Norms: Before any new test can be used offcially, it must be administored to a large sample of people, so individual scores can be placed into context for comparison.Standardization: All testing variable (instructions, time limit, materials, etc.) must be consistent for everyone taking the test.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Be familiar with the concepts and illustrations of reliability and validity.

Flip

Reliability: A test is relaible if it is consistent and dependable and not impacted by external factors. (Such as your height, it does not change based on weather, mood, etc.) Validity: A test is vaid if it truly measures what it claims to measure.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· Be familiar with the work of Howard Gardner and Daniel Goleman regarding their theories of intelligence, and the components of Gardner’s theory that is repeated in Goleman’s theory.

Flip

Howard Gardner identified 8 domains of intelligence and concepts of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal: The skill and authenticity with which we navigate our relationship with other and ourselves.Daniel Goleman had research advancements and identified emotional intelligence. Gardner's concepts of inter and intrapersonal were the foundation of Goleman's theory of emotional intelligence

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· 1. Signal Strength

Flip

• As presented in class, what is the FULL definition for signal strength: - The quantity of the unconditioned stimulus. • Choose ONE stimulus to use for your example: - Vodka • Describe a strong signal strength AND a weak signal strength for the stimulus example you chose o Strong: Someone takes multiple shots of vodka with a high alc content, the burning sensation is immediate and intense. The body reacts strongly by feeling nauseous and vomitting. This intense physical reaction is a unconditioned response to a strong signal strength. o Weak: Somone has one mixed drink, lower alc content and less noticeable. The body may react by feeling slightly buzzed or dizzy, the physical reaction is much weaker because the signal strength of the vodka is low.

psychology test 1 FLASHCARDs

· 2. Henry Molaison

Flip

• What 2 parts of his brain were removed? o Part 1: Hippocampus o Part 2: Part of his temporal lobe • What function do each of these parts serve? o Part 1: Hippocampus converts short-term to long-term memory o Part 2: Temporal lobe is where long-term memory is stored • What types of amnesia did their removal cause? o Part 1: Anterograde Amnesia o Part 2: Retrograde Amnesia • How many years of past long-term memory did he lose? 11 years • What were the 2 ways in which he demonstrated implicit memory for new long-term information? o Puzzles o Familiar people