Evidence of Human Sense

Evidence of Human Sense

Bruno Rivera Juárez - A01571663

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Introduction

This evidence is divided into two segments. The first segment consists of a Personal Code of Ethics based on the ACM and Unesco Codes of Ethics regarding the use of technlogy and AI. The second segment includes an analysis of the current Mexican legal framework, a comparison with the EU legal framework, and an analysis and proposal of improvements to the 2024 bill proposed by Pérez and Espino.

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Section 2 of the Evidence presents an analysis of the current Mexican legal framework for cybersecurity, a comparison with the EU legal framework, and an analysis and proposal to improve the 2024 bill by Pérez and Espino.

Section 1 of the Evidence presents a brief introduction on the impact of technology in the present, the Personal Code of Ethics, with the 10 articles in display and a general conclusion of these articles.

Section 1

Section 2

Conclusion

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Article 5

Article 4

Article 3

Article 1

Article 2

Article 10

Article 6

Article 7

Article 9

Article 8

Section 1 Introduction

Section 1 Conclusion

Respect and safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of all the global community

The protection of privacy and confidentiality is one of the primordial values that a Software Developer must follow. The reason for this is that privacy is one of the fundamental human rights that must be followed in order to ensure an individual is not in danger of harm, whether it is physical, emotional, or even economically harmed. For this particular reason, Software Engineers must ensure that only the necessary personal information is requested, and that this necessary personal information is protected by robust security measures.

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Keep high industry standards of professional competency, conduct, and ethical practice

A high industry standard of competency, conduct, and ethical practice is a primordial principle that Software Engineers must follow in order to ensure that all members and contributors to the software industry try their best in order to apply and follow ethical values, conducts, and practices to the development and deployment of their Software-based solutions.

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Try your best to keep high quality standards both in the process and the final product

Software Engineers must first ensure that their process methodology is orderly constructed and aligned with best practices. This includes applying rigorous testing, continuous integration, and documentation to minimize errors and vulnerabilities. Delivering high-quality software is essential not only for customer satisfaction but also for the long-term sustainability, scalability, and security of the product.

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Contribute to the wellbeing of the human society and all the other habitants of the planet

Technology has a profound impact on society and the environment. Software Engineers must design and implement systems that promote social good, avoid harm, and minimize environmental impact. This means reducing energy consumption in software solutions, supporting accessibility, and developing tools that help address social, economic, and ecological challenges.

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Be honest, reliable and transparent with your process and the final product

Trust is a cornerstone of the software profession. Engineers must be honest about the capabilities, limitations, and risks of their systems. This involves communicating truthfully with stakeholders, avoiding misleading claims, and ensuring that all project decisions are transparent and well-documented. Reliability in commitments, deadlines, and deliverables is crucial to maintain professional credibility.

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Promote equity and respect among the global community

The software industry is inherently global, bringing together professionals from diverse cultural, ethnic, and social backgrounds. Engineers must respect this diversity and promote fairness in their projects, ensuring equal access to opportunities and avoiding discriminatory practices. Inclusive design and accessibility must be prioritized to ensure technology benefits all members of society.

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Software development is a collaborative effort that involves engineers, users, and stakeholders. Professionals must foster environments that encourage continuous learning, skill development, and career growth. By mentoring colleagues, sharing knowledge, and creating inclusive professional spaces, Software Engineers contribute to both personal and collective advancement by developing innovative and unique solutions that help foster the development of skills.

Create growth opportunities for all the persons involved

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Promote citizen conscientization, sensibilization and education regarding the use of technology

Technology is a powerful tool that influences everyday life. Engineers have the responsibility to raise awareness among citizens about the safe, ethical, and responsible use of technology. This includes educating users on digital rights, privacy, cybersecurity, and the social impact of emerging technologies, fostering an informed and empowered society.

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Recognize and protect the systems integrated in the society’s infrastructure

Many modern infrastructures, such as healthcare, transportation, communication, and finance, depend on software systems. Engineers must recognize the critical role of these systems and safeguard them against risks, errors, and malicious attacks. Ensuring their resilience, reliability, and security is essential to protect society’s stability and safety.

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Finally, Software Engineers must actively uphold the principles of this Code of Ethics in all professional endeavors. This involves not only respecting the values themselves but also promoting them within organizations, projects, and communities. Defending ethical principles ensures that the profession continues to serve humanity responsibly and sustainably.

Defend, promote and respect the principles of the Code of Ethics

Section 1 Conclusion

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Section 1 Introduction

An Engineering career in Computer Science and Technology has major connotations in the current society, as the rise of technology since the final decades of the 20th century has brought upon the global community new sets of tools to be used in order to address various problems such as climate change and habitat deterioration. Author Harsh Vaibhav (2025) describes in his article 4 emerging technologies related to the Software Engineering career that can help address these problems. One technology mentioned in Vaibhav’s article is the use of Artificial Intelligence, which can be a versatile tool for analyzing and describing data. One of its uses is in the construction of smart grids, which can predict energy demand via the AI and therefore dynamically adjust the energy supply. Another use of this technology is for climate modeling, which applies AI in order to analyze large data sets related to weather patterns, satellite imagery, and historical climate data to predict long-term trends in various factors such as the sea-level rise, global warming, and extreme weather events. Another technology mentioned in the article is quantum computing, which can be a very important asset to consider in order to help in the research and analysis of other technologies such as more efficient batteries for clean energy, climate modeling for precise analysis of weather patterns, and the simulation of chemical processes in order to accelerate the development of carbon capture technologies. Although these and more technologies can have a big impact on the mitigation of climate change and the creation of more sustainable solutions, it is important to follow a code of ethics in order to develop and test these technologies by prioritizing the wellbeing of the research team and the community as a whole.

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Section 1 Conclusion

The principles outlined in this Code of Ethics serve as a foundation for guiding Software Engineers in their professional responsibilities and conduct. By respecting privacy, upholding high standards of quality and competency, promoting fairness and inclusivity, and safeguarding the systems that support society, Software Engineers affirm their commitment to the wellbeing of individuals, communities, and the planet. By consistently applying these values, Software Engineers ensure that technology remains a force for good, empowering people, strengthening societies, and protecting future generations.

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Review of the 2024 bill proposed by Checo Pérez and Rafael Espino, including the review of the articles and the analysis of some areas of opportunity in which the bill could improve.

Section 1 of the Evidence presents a brief introduction on the impact of technology in the present, the Personal Code of Ethics, with the 10 articles in display and a general conclusion of these articles.

Review the current status of the Mexican Legal Framework and the proposals addressed on September 19, 2025

Pérez and Espino's 2024 Bill Revision and Analysis

Status of the Mexican Legal Framework

Proposal to Improve the 2024 Bill

EU Legal Framework Comparison

Status of the Mexican Legal Framework

The Digital Rights Commission of Mexico’s Senate describes the current status of the Mexican legal framework regarding cybersecurity as “fragmented and insufficient to address the complexity of the contemporary digital ecosystem.” (MBN Staff, 2025). The article of Mexico Business News also points out that the Commission is looking to design and approve a new national cybersecurity law focusing on three fundamental areas: personal data protection, promotion of digital commerce, and security for vulnerable groups. Additionally, it is mentioned that they will implement events such as courses and training workshops during October, and a revision and update of the General Law of Digital Rights in November.

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EU Legal Framework

Author Julie Austin (2024) briefly explains some of the new directives and acts created in the EU in order to address cybersecurity as a whole and provide a more robust framework: NIS2 (Network and Information Security) Directive: It is an improvement over the 2018 NIS1 Directive, which will focus on the construction of trust between competent authorities and the setting of rules and procedures for contingencies, the reduction of inconsistencies in resilience, and increasing the level of cyber-resilience (improving cybersecurity systems to be more competent and robust) in areas such as banking and energy markets. Cyber Resilience Act: The main obligations covered by this act will be the use of cybersecurity by design, vulnerability management and market surveillance. It essentially aims to improve the level of cybersecurity in products and services, and help consumers and businesses determine which products are labeled as “cybersecure”. DORA: Its aim is to improve the cybersecurity of financial institutions and ICT providers of these institutions. Cybersecurity Act: An act which serves as the basis of cybersecurity certification for ICT products, processes and services. It essentially enables “the adoption of European cybersecurity certification schemes for ‘managed security services’ covering areas such as incident response, penetration testing, security audits and consultancy.” (Austin, 2024). As it can be seen, the EU legal framework extensively covers many aspects related to cybersecurity, such as the enforcement of robust cybersecurity platforms via certification schemes, the setting of rules and procedures for managing different contingencies, and cooperation between these ICT providers and the competent authorities in order to ensure the cybersecurity framework is robust and secure for customers and businesses alike.

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Pérez and Espino's 2024 Bill Revision

The 2024 bill framework proposed by Checo Pérez and Rafael Espino has a solid basis on for addressing various vulnerabilities found in the previous Cybersecurity Federal Law, as it considers various proposals that can help fight cybercrimes such as:

• The regulation of instances in charge of cybersecurity on a national level.
• The safeguarding of the secure use of social networks, IT systems and communications by strengthening capabilities regarding the prevention, detection and handling of cyberattacks.
• The establishment of a cybernetic crime catalogue of federal competency.
• Contribution and prosecution of cybernetic crimes by specialized institutions in this regard.
• The improvement of cybersecurity strategies and mechanisms for improving Mexican cyberdefense.

The 2024 bill also considers some specific cybercrimes, such as:

• The illicit access to IT and communications systems
• Crimes committed against the Mexican Financial System
• Informatic falsification
• Crimes against sexual intimacy
• The violation of the privacy of personal data
• Identity impersonation

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Pérez and Espino's 2024 Bill Revision

Although this proposal covers a wide array of possible vulnerabilities found within cyberspace, there are some possible areas of opportunity regarding the addressing of some critical aspects of cybersecurity that can pose a critical risk for the infrastructure of users, businesses and nations alike. These are the possible areas of opportunity:

• Emergent crimes in cyberspace such as deepfakes, cyberbullying and doxxing are not directly addressed in the bill.
• The bill doesn’t explicitly cover financial crimes and frauds such as those occurring in the cryptocoin and blockchain space, such as digital money laundering via the use of mixers to obscure the trace of the fund’s original source.
• The bill doesn’t cover the implications of the misuse of AI in the current context in order to commit crimes such as the falsification of information via the use of deepfakes or AI-generated photos to defame certain internet users for malicious purposes.
• Global cooperation between other countries and competent agencies for implementing better cybersecurity systems is not mentioned in the bill.
• On the matter of digital rights, the bill lacks detail on privacy guarantees and civil liberties against state surveillance measures. For example, practices such as massive data retention by companies or governments are not regulated.
• The bill focuses on individual conduct, but not on the responsibility of internet service providers, social networks, and tech companies to prevent and collaborate in the prosecution of crimes.

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Proposal to Improve the 2024 Bill

Considering these areas of opportunity, a proposal can be made in order to improve the robustness of Pérez and Espino’s 2024 bill, including the direct addressing of the use of technologies such as AI for malicious purpose, the emergence of crimes such as cyberbullying or doxxing, and the cooperation between international entities to improve the cybersecurity level. As such, the following are some proposals for improving the 2024 bill in order to make it more versatile against specific threats users can confront in the cyberspace:

• Directly address the role of AI for committing crimes such as identity supplantation or defamation by using deepfakes and AI-generated photos.
• Ensure the legal articles regarding the prosecution of financial crimes also address crimes committed in the crypto and blockchain space, such as money laundering and the use of pump-and-dump schemes.
• Add new articles in order to address and encourage international cooperation between Mexican competent authorities and entities in the cybersecurity space, and other foreign entities such as the NSA in the United States and ENISA in the European Union.
• Enforce the protection and respect of users’ digital rights by regulating practices such as mass surveillance by the state and the massive data retention of companies and governments.

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Conclusion and Reflection

Through the development of this evidence, I learned more about the current status of the cyberspace ecosystem and the possible threats that may arise from the misuse of technology, such as the exposure of personal information, defamation caused by the misuse of AI technology to create fake videos and photos, and the damage to network infrastructures due to the execution of cyberattacks such as Denial of Service attacks (DDoS), ransomware, or zero-day attacks. This evidence also helped me understand the importance of proportioning a detailed proposal for addressing various areas relevant to the development of cybersecurity infrastructure such as the collaboration between national and foreign entities, the enforcement of certifications and auditories to periodically revise and evaluate current cybersecurity levels, and in general developing new technologies that can help improve the current infrastructure and improve its level of security against cyberattacks.

References

References

2018 ACM Code Group. The ACM Code of Ethics arose from the experiences, values and aspirations of computing professionals around the world, and captures the conscience of the profession. It affirms an obligation of computing professionals to use their skills for the benefit of society. ACM. (2018, June 22). https://www.acm.org/about-acm/code-of-ethics-in-spanish Ética de la inteligencia artificial. (2024, September 26). UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/es/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics Llp, M. H. C. (2024, May 16). EU Cybersecurity laws. Mason Hayes Curran. https://www.mhc.ie/latest/insights/eu-cybersecurity-laws MBN Staff. Mexican Senate Promotes New Cybersecurity Work Agenda. (2025, September 23). Mexico Business. https://mexicobusiness.news/cybersecurity/news/mexican-senate-promotes-new-cybersecurity-work-agenda Pérez Flores, C., & Espino de la Peña, R. (2024). INICIATIVA CON PROYECTO DE DECRETO POR EL QUE SE EXPIDE LA LEY FEDERAL DE CIBERSEGURIDAD Y SE DEROGAN LOS ARTÍCULOS 211 BIS 1, 211 BIS 2, 211 BIS 3, 211 BIS 4, 211 BIS 5, 211 BIS 6 y 211 BIS 7 DEL CÓDIGO PENAL FEDERAL. Cámara de Senadores de México. Vaibhav, H. (2025, May 2). 4 Emerging technologies to fight climate change | Earth.Org. Earth.Org. https://earth.org/4-emerging-technologies-that-are-helping-us-in-the-fight-against-climate-change/

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