ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY

Daniella Albalejo 2 DBH B

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

7. Resistance (R)

3. Electric circuits

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

1. Electric charge

• Electric charge is a fundamental property and is responsible for electrical phenomena of all objects. An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element:

(-)

(+)

• The properties of the atom are; a central nucleus with protons (with positive charge) and neutrons and surrounded by electrons (with a negative chage).

An atom

Static electricity

• Static electricity is produced when electrical charging, positive or negative, occurs in a material.

Repellent charge

So we can have materials positively charged and materials negatively charged.

• Sometimes however there is a movement of electrons from one material to another.

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

2. Electric Current

Electric current is a continuous movement of electrons. Current intensity is measured in amps (A). There are also electric power types:

• Continuous current: The load flow is maintained in a single direction and direction.
• Alternating current: The direction of the current change regularly.

The sense:

The sense of electric current has two perspectives: the real (or physical) sense, which is the movement of electrons (negative charges) from the negative (-) to the positive (+) pole, and the conventional sense. Although electrons move from negative to positive, the convention was established before knowing their movement, and it is more practical to follow it.

When there are a very large number of electrons that travel through a conductive material towards the positive charge, as in this wire of a brush holder, it is said that electric current circulates. *Electric current through the inside of a cable:*

Conductors

Conductors are materials that allow electric current to pass through them.In general, all metals are good electrical conductors, especially silver and copper.

Insulators are materials that don't allow electric current to pass through them.Plastic, wood or ceramic are examples of insulators.

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

3. Electric Circuits

An electric circuit is a set of connected components through which an electric current circulates

An electric circuit is a closed path through which the electric current circulates, made by connected elements that transform the electrical energy into another type of energy, such as light, heat or motion.

These are the parts normally carried by an electrical circuit:

3. Electric Circuits

The basic components of an electric circuit are

• Generators
• Conductors
• Receptors
• Control components
• Protection components

3. Electric Circuits

Electrical circuits work thanks to the precise interaction of components. The electrons move from the negative to the positive pole, the switches stop the flow, and the resistors control the intensity.

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

4. Representation and Simbols

Alternators

A generator provides the energy necessary to move the electrons. It produces a continuous electric current.A generator has two terminals - one positive and one negative.

Generator

Batteries

DY N A M O

Solar cells

4. Representation and Simbols

These components transform the electrical energy taht they receive into another type of useful energy. The elctrons leave the generator, taking the energy with them and move round the circuit until they get back to the opposite terminal.

Receptor

Motor

Bulb

Buzzer

Resistor

4. Representation and Simbols

Conductors are the elements thet join all the components of a circuit and allow the flow of the current. They can be cables or wires.

Conductor

4. Representation and Simbols

An electric switch is a device that allows the opening or closing of an electric circuit to control the current flow

Switch

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

5. Voltage (V)

- Voltage is provided by the generators. - Voltage is represented by the letter V and is measured in volts (V). - Voltage is the difference between the electrical energy at two points in a cicuit.

5. Voltage (V)

- The charged always moves fro the point where the energy is highest to the lowest point. - If there is no voltage there is no current

5. Voltage (V)

- The electric current uses the voltage to pass through the receptors. - To measure voltage we use a volmeter in parallel to the component.

5. Voltage (V)

In conclusion, voltage is the difference in electrical energy between two points in a circuit. It is what pushes electric charges so that electric current can flow through wires and devices.

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

6. Current (I)

- The current is the number of electrons that pass through a specific point in one second.

6. Current (I)

- Current is measured in amperes (A) or amps.

6. Current (I)

We use a ammeter to measure the current. We connect the ammeter in series to the receptor we want to measure the current.

6. Current (I)

Electric current is the flow of electric charges through a wire or circuit. It shows how much electricity is moving in a circuit. Electric current is measured in amperes (A), also called amps.

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

7. Resistance (R)

The resistance is the opposition of the components in a circuit to the flow of the electric current. And is a property of every material.

7. Resistance (R)

- Resistance is represented by the letter "R" - Resistance is measured in ohms.

7. Resistance (R)

- Conductors have low resistance - Receptors have high resistance.

- Insulators have huge resistance

OHM'S LAW

V = I x R

UNITS: (V) (A) ( )

INDEX

5. Voltage (V)

1. Electric charge

6. Current (I)

2. Electric current

3. Electric circuits

7. Resistance (R)

4. Representation and simbols

8. Connection in series

8. Connection in series

A serial connection is a type of electrical circuit where components connect one after the other, forming a single path for electric current.

- Electrical energy can be transformed into light, heat or mechanical energy.- Electric power is the amount of energy consumed or produced per second. - Power is measured in watts (W)

8. Connection in series

8. Connection in series

The electric current flows through each component in order. If one component is removed or breaks, the circuit opens and the current stops flowing.

8. Connection in series

In a series circuit, all components share the same electric current, but the voltage is divided between them. This type of connection is simple to build, but if one device fails, all the others stop working because there is only one path for the current.

Thanks for your attention!