the victorian age

Albert

Conquests and Expansions

the victorian age

Queen Victoria

British Empire

Reforms

Races

Victorians

Workhouses

Compromise

Crime

The Great Exhibition

Chartism

Charles Darwin

Evolution

religion

Central Mind Map

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QUEEN VICTORIA

Reigned: 1837 to 1901 (63 years)Born: 1819 – Died: 1901 Famous for: Ruling during the Victorian Era, when the British Empire was at its peak Married: Prince Albert Nickname: “Grandmother of Europe” (because her children married into many royal families) Legacy: A symbol of British power, tradition, and change

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the british empire

The British Empire was the largest empire in history, spanning many continents including parts of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific. It grew significantly during the Victorian Era (1837–1901), making Britain the world’s leading power. The empire was often called “the empire on which the sun never sets” because its territories were all over the world. It spread British culture, language, and trade, but also involved colonial rule that often exploited local people and resources. Key territories included India (the “jewel in the crown”), Canada, Australia, South Africa, and many islands. The empire influenced global politics, economics, and culture for centuries until many countries gained independence in the 20th century.

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The Victorian Compromise

The Victorian Compromise refers to the contradictions in Victorian society (during Queen Victoria’s reign, 1837–1901), where strict moral values existed alongside serious social problems and hypocrisy. What Was the Compromise? Victorian society tried to balance: High moral standards Strong beliefs in duty, religion, family, respectability, modesty Emphasis on self-control, hard work, and sexual purity. The reality of society Widespread poverty, child labor, and poor working conditions A growing middle class getting richer, while the working class suffered Prostitution, crime, and inequality behind closed doors

ALBERT

Married Prince Albert (her cousin) in 1840 Had 9 children, many of whom married into other European royal families (nicknamed the “Grandmother of Europe”) Deeply mourned Albert’s death in 1861; wore black for the rest of her life

An age of reforms

Political ReformsReform Acts expanded the right to vote (more men could vote) Growth of democracy and Parliament’s power increased Economic & Industrial Reforms Factory Acts improved working conditions, especially for women and children Railways, machines, and industries boomed (Industrial Revolution) Social Reforms Education became more available (especially to the poor) Public health and sanitation improved (to fight disease in cities) Efforts to end child labor and improve workers' rights

Workhouses

Workhouses were places where poor people in Victorian Britain (especially during Queen Victoria’s reign) could go to live and work in exchange for food and shelter. Key Facts About Workhouses: Part of the Poor Law Amendment Act (1834) Created to reduce the cost of helping the poor Life in workhouses was deliberately harsh to discourage people from relying on them. What Were They Like? Families were often separated (men, women, and children lived apart) People had to do hard, boring work like breaking stones or picking oakum Conditions were strict, with basic food, uniforms, and little freedom

The Great Exhibition

What was it?The Great Exhibition was the first world’s fair, held in London to showcase the achievements of industry, science, and art from Britain and around the world. When? May to October 1851 Where? Crystal Palace a massive glass and iron building in Hyde Park, specially built for the event Why was it important? Showed off British industrial power and global influence; Brought together inventions, machines, and art from over 40 countries; Attracted over 6 million visitors; Profits helped fund museums like the Victoria and Albert Museum.

evolution

What Is Evolution? Evolution is the process by which living organisms change gradually over long periods of time. It explains how different species develop, adapt to their environment, and sometimes become extinct. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection -all living creatures have taken their forms through a slow process of change and adaptation in a struggle for survival; -favourable physical conditions determine the survival of a species; -unfavourable ones determine its extinction; -man evolved, like any other animal, from less highly organised forms, namely from a monkey.

Conquests and Expansions

IndiaAfter the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny), control shifted from the East India Company directly to the British Crown, beginning the British Raj. India became the "jewel in the crown" and the most important colony. Africa Massive expansion during the “Scramble for Africa” (1880s–1900). Important colonies included Egypt, Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Nigeria, and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia). Australia and New Zealand Colonies were settled and developed, becoming more autonomous under British rule. Asia Britain controlled Hong Kong after the First Opium War (1842). Expanded influence in Burma (Myanmar) and Malaysia.

races

IThe Victorians believed that-the ‘races’ of the world were divided by physical and intellectual differences; -some were destined to be led by others; -it was an obligation imposed by God on the British to impose their superior way of life, their institutions, law and politics on native peoples.

VICTORIANS

Types of Crime Common crimes included theft, burglary, pickpocketing, and violent crimes like assault and murder. Street crime was a big concern in rapidly growing cities like London. Crimes related to poverty, such as prostitution and vagrancy, were widespread. Causes Rapid urbanization and industrialization led to crowded, poor living conditions. High levels of poverty and unemployment contributed to crime rates. Famous Cases The Jack the Ripper murders in 1888 shocked Victorian society and highlighted problems with policing and poverty.

Chartism

In 1838 a group of working-class radicals drew up a People’s Charter demanding:-universal male suffrage -equal electoral districts -voting by secret ballot -pay for Members of Parliament -annual elections of Parliament The Chartist movement failed, although their influence was later felt in the Second Reform Act in 1867.

religion

Darwin’s theory was a problem because it challenged the Bible’s creation story, suggesting humans evolved from animals. This upset religious beliefs and ideas about human uniqueness. It also caused fear that “survival of the fittest” could justify inequality. Plus, science hadn’t yet fully explained how traits were inherited, so many people were skeptical.

Darwin’s theory was a problem because it challenged the Bible’s creation story, suggesting humans evolved from animals. This upset religious beliefs and ideas about human uniqueness. It also caused fear that “survival of the fittest” could justify inequality. Plus, science hadn’t yet fully explained how traits were inherited, so many people were skeptical.