UNIT 1: RING THE CHANGES

UNIT 1: RING THE CHANGES

SPEAKING

Everyone goes through changes, whether by choice or because of something outside their control. Talk about changes that have happened to you or might happen in the future, relating them to these phrases:

• A change for the better
• The earliest change you can remember
• A new location
• A change of direction in your life
• A change of heart

IDIOM SPOT

IDIOM SPOT

IDIOM SPOT

IDIOM SPOT

IDIOM SPOT

LISTENING

You will hear five different people talking about a key change in their lives. Tick each speaker's life-changing moment. There is one extra that you will not need.

Match:

• Being made redundant
• Gaining media attention
• Meeting "Mr Right"
• Heading the wrong way
• Loosing something special
• Stepping in for someone

• Speaker 1
• Speaker 2
• Speaker 3
• Speaker 4
• Speaker 5

LISTENING - ANSWERS

You will hear five different people talking about a key change in their lives. Tick each speaker's life-changing moment. There is one extra that you will not need.

Match:

• Being made redundant
• Gaining media attention
• Meeting "Mr Right"
• Heading the wrong way
• Loosing something special
• Stepping in for someone

• Speaker 4
• Speaker 1
• Speaker 5
• Speaker 3
• -
• Speaker 2

PHRASAL VERBS

Match the verbs to the correct particles to form phrasal verbs that were used in the listening. (4 of them are "three-part" phrasal verbs.)

Verbs: Break catch cheer come cut end get hang help jump pay run settle take track turn

Particles: Around at back down in off on out up with

PHRASAL VERBS

Track down → Localitzar / rastrejar / trobar després d’investigar. Get in with → Apropar-se a algú influent / fer-se amic de. Turn up → Apareixer / presentar-se / augmentar (volum, temperatura, etc.). Jump at → Agafar una oportunitat amb entusiasme / acceptar ràpidament. Cut back on → Reduir (especialment despesa o consum). Broke up → Trencar (una relació amorosa) / dissoldre’s (per un grup o reunió). Help out → Donar un cop de mà / ajudar amb alguna tasca. Take on → Assumir (una responsabilitat, feina) / contractar algú. Pay off → Valdre la pena / donar fruits / saldar un deute.

GRAMMAR

These are some of the main grammar problems among C2 students. Which one(s) is yours?

• Modal verbs
• Passives
• Conditionals
• Perfect tenses
• Relative clauses
• Reported speech
• Uncontable nouns

GRAMMAR

Correct the errors in the perfect tenses:

• Three years ago I have been to Germany on a cultural exchange.
• Tourism is a word that is being used for the last 50 years
• In England last year, I was able to appreciate things I have never seen in my entire life
• The noise levels have been measured in our suburb the other day and are twice the acceptable level.
• All these years I'm practising bascketball, I'm trying to become a better player.
• When you will have bought your train tikets, you should take one each and put it into the machine
• Supposing they would have got married, wouldn't the day have come when they got bored with each other?
• Nowadays, almost every disease has a cure and people have been caring more about their health.

GRAMMAR- ANSWERS

Correct the errors in the perfect tenses:

• Three years ago I went to Germany on a cultural exchange.
• Tourism is a word that has been used for the last 50 years
• In England last year, I was able to appreciate things I had never seen in my entire life
• The noise levels were measured in our suburb the other day and are twice the acceptable level.
• All these years I've been practising bascketball, I'm trying to become a better player.
• When you have bought your train tikets, you should take one each and put it into the machine
• Supposing they had got married, wouldn't the day have come when they got bored with each other?
• Nowadays, almost every disease has a cure and people care more about their health.

GRAMMAR

Do these choices afect the meaning of these sentences? (If you need it, you have more information on page 178)

• Mirek has gone/went to Gdansk on business
• Our society has been suffering/was suffering from high unemployment for decades.
• We were given/have been given more time to complete the task.
• Top government ministers have been dealing/have dealt with the problem.
• Matt and James have played/have been playing golf all day.
• I've thought/ been thinking about what you said.
• Is there anything else we could have done/will have done?
• Come October, we will have lived/will have been living here for eleven years.

SPEAKING

Answer these questions so they are true for you, using perfect tenses:

• How long have you been learning English?
• What have you never done that you would like to do?
• What change has been made to your town or city recently that you don't approve of?
• Which single change would most improve your quality of life at home?
• What may have changed in your life by this time next year?

SPEAKING

Categorise the changes shown in the pictures choosing from the adjectives below:

Commercial environmental physical political social technological

WORD FORMATION

The adjectives before are formed from nouns. Generally, the suffix -al is added to the noun, as in environmental. Explain the formation rules for commercial and technological.

WORD FORMATION -AL

Formation of adjectives from nouns using the suffix -al General rule: Add -al to a noun to make an adjective that means “related to” or “connected with” that noun. Example: environment → environmental (related to the environment). Commercial Base noun: commerce Rule: If the noun ends in -ce, we usually drop the -ce and add -cial. So: commerce → commercial (related to commerce/trade). Technological Base noun: technology Rule: If the noun ends in -y, we usually replace -y with -ical to form the adjective. So: technology → technological (related to technology).

WORD FORMATION

The suffixes -able and -ive frequently combine with verbs to from adjectives, as in favourable and supportive. Explain the formation rules for creative and variable.

WORD FORMATION -ABLE/-IVE

Adjectives with -able General rule: Add -able to a verb to form an adjective that means “capable of being done” or “susceptible to the action of the verb.” Example: favour → favourable. Variable Base verb: vary Rule: Replace the -y with -i and add -able. So: vary → variable (capable of varying or changing).

Adjectives with -ive General rule: Add -ive to a verb to form an adjective that describes a tendency, quality, or characteristic. Example: support → supportive (showing support). Creative Base verb: create Rule: Replace the -e at the end of the verb with -ive. So: create → creative (having the ability to create or imaginative).

WORD FORMATION

The suffix -ous combines with nouns, as in courageous. Give two more examples.

Other common adjectival suffixes added to nouns are -ful and -less, as in meaningful and harmless. Give two more examples of each.

WORD FORMATION -OUS, -FUL, -LESS

The suffix -ous combines with nouns, as in courageous. Give two more examples. Fame → famous (full of fame, well-known) Danger → dangerous (full of danger, risky)

Other common adectival suffixes added to nouns are -ful and -less, as in meaningful and harmless. Give two more examples of each. Joy → joyful (full of joy) Hope → hopeful (full of hope)

WRITING

In the writing part 1 compulsary task, you will read two short texts in order to summarise and evaluate them. You will need to reproduce different ideas concisely, using your own words whenever possible.