COMPUTERS
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The PDP-8 was the first commercially successful minicomputer, developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1965. This 12-bit device, which allowed engineers and scientists to work thanks to its desktop size and the use of teletypewriters as terminals, introduced personal computing. Its operation was based on a 1.5 microsecond cycle, 4 KB memory, and a simplified instruction set.
The IBM 701, known as the "Defense Calculator," was IBM's first commercial scientific computer. It was created by a team at IBM under the direction of key leaders. It ran on 2048 36-bit Williams tube memory, which required periodic refresh, and used fixed-point processing with one address. dirección.
UNIVAC I was the first commercial computer in the United States, created by engineers J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1951, and was designed for data processing. It ran on vacuum tubes and mercury memories, and processed serial data at a clock speed of 2.25 MHz.
The Zuse Z3 is the world's first fully automatic, programmable, binary computer, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse and his company between 1935 and 1941. It operated with electromechanical technology, using 2,300 relays to perform binary floating-point calculations. Programming was read from an external punched tape and performed operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
ENIAC was the first general-purpose, all-digital computer. Designed by John Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania in 1943, its primary purpose was to calculate ballistic trajectories for the U.S. Army during World War II.
The IBM PC 5150, was IBM's first personal computer, with an Intel 8088 microprocessor, 16-64 KB of RAM and a PC-DOS operating system (Microsoft), which ran using floppy disks to boot the system and save information.
Apple Macintosh. The creator was the Apple team, with Steve Jobs being noted for his vision and leadership. Macs run on the macOS operating system, developed by Apple, which integrates with the computer's proprietary hardware and allows interaction through icons, windows, and the mouse instead of text commands
Deep Blue was a supercomputer developed by the American manufacturer IBM to play chess. Deep Blue is simply a combination of strategies and rapid parallel calculations that allow it to very precisely find the move it considers "best," given that there are on average 20 possible moves per turn.
The Apple II, released in 1977 and primarily designed by Steve Wozniak, was an 8-bit microcomputer that popularized personal computing for its ease of use and ability to display color graphics and sound. It ran on a MOS 6502 microprocessor and allowed programming in BASIC.
The Xerox Alto, created by engineers at Xerox PARC in 1973, was a revolutionary personal computer that introduced the graphical user interface (GUI), mouse, laser printing, and Ethernet local area networking, laying the foundation for modern computing, although it was never marketed to the general public, serving as inspiration for Apple and Microsoft.