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Unit 13

Heidy Martinez

Created on September 12, 2025

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Transcript

Unit 13

Problem-solution 1:Superheroes and Supevillains

Present Perfect

Noun Phrases

Are used to identify and restate more complex ideas, usually refer to information already mentioned or that will follow in the text.
Emphasizes a time in the past up to now, it may or may not be completed but there is a connection to the present.

Present Perfect Progressive

Describes an action that started in the past and emphasizes that it is still going on.

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Some noun phrases with of explain, label or define a concept. Example: The definition of a superhero is someone who uses powers or skills to protect others.

Noun phrases with of

Some noun phrases with of express goals.Example: The aim of the Avengers is to protect Earth from threats.

Noun phrases with of

Some noun phrases with of indicate measure and quantity. Example: The frequency of battles in Gotham has increased.

Noun phrases with of

Some noun phrases with of express the importance of a concept. Example: The core of Captain America's character is integrity.

Noun phrases with of

Some noun phrases with of express consequences and outcomes.Example: The effects of kryptonite on Superman are immediate and dangerous.

Noun phrases with of

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~Are used to express a fact, an idea, a view, and a claim that is not yet proven. Example: Tha fact that Superman can fly gives him an advantage over many villains.

Noun phrases with that

~Can appear anywhere noun phrases appear anywhere noun phrases appear. (As an object or subject).Example: The claim that superheroes are role models is supported by many teachers.

Noun phrases with that

~The fact that and the idea are common expressions in academic writing.Examples: I support the idea that heroes need rules to limit their power.

Noun phrases with that

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~ Use it to describe an event that started at an unknown time in the past, that may or may not continue in the future. (Do nout use it for events that happen at a specific time.) Example: Superheroes have faced many villains over the years.

~Use it to indicate that a past event relates to the present.Example: Researchers have recently discovered that a new super-serum can enhance human strength.

Using Present Perfect Progressive

~Use it to describe actions that started in the past and emphasize that they continue in the present or future. ( Do not use with stative verbs.)Example: Superheroes have been fighting crime for decades. ~Use it with time expressions to emphasize how long an action has been going on. Example: Iron Man has been building new armor for months.

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Using Present Perfect Progressive

~It often has no time expression associated with it.Example: Villains have been plotting in secret. ~The present perfect and the present perfect progressive can often have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably. Example: jhhh Presenr perfect: The Guardins of the Galaxy have saved the universe several times. Present perfect progressive: The Guardians do the Galaxy have been saving different planets from destruction.

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Using Present Perfect

~Use it to introduce general ideas and provide background information about a problem. Then use the Simple past to fill In the details that led to the problem. Example: Supervillains have gained more advanced technology in recent years. ( In 2018, Thanos collected all six infighting stones.) ~Adverbs like already, ever, never, and yet often occur with the present perfect. Example: Wonder Woman has never abandoned her mission to protect humanity.