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CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM

Sydney Saint-Jean

Created on September 10, 2025

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Transcript

CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM

4 PILLARS

4. AUSCULTAION

1. HISTORY TAKING

necessary to differentiate cardiac diseases from orther organ diseases

Sydney Saint-Jean Rowan-Virtua SOM Clinical Bioscience

2. INSPECTION

3. PALPATION

jugular vein distention

extremities

precordium

skin color

C=COLOR W=WARMTH M=MOVEMENT S=SENSATION

check for deformities cardiomegaly

  • cyanosis
  • paleness of skin

increase pressure of superior vena cava

CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM

4 PILLARS

4. AUSCULTAION

1. HISTORY TAKING

necessary to differentiate cardiac diseases from orther organ diseases

2. INSPECTION

3. PALPATION

PALPATION

blood pressure

arterial pulse

thrills

maximal impulse

palpable murmur strong vibrations you can feel because of turbulance and heart abnormalities atherosclerotic plaques

where the apex creates the strongest pulsation 5th intercostal space

CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM

4 PILLARS

4. AUSCULTAION

1. HISTORY TAKING

necessary to differentiate cardiac diseases from orther organ diseases

2. INSPECTION

3. PALPATION

AUSCULTATION

  1. aortic valve
    1. aortic valve closure (A2)
  2. pulmonary valve
    1. pulmonic valve closure (P2)
  3. erbs point
    1. S1 and S2 heard equally
    2. murmur detection
  4. tricuspid valve
    1. S1
  5. mitral valve
    1. S1 most prominant

sources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593199/ https://med.stanford.edu/stanfordmedicine25/the25/precordial.html https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20366493 https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/heart.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553078/ https://www.pennmedicine.org/conditions/pulmonary-edema https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/534403 https://www.osmosis.org/answers/auscultation https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2525757/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpaY7wM3QoM

normal vs abnormal

KEY COMPONENTS

CHEST PAINpain in chest, neck, arm? DYSPNEA / SHORTNESS OF BREATHactivity? sleeping? laying flat? (orthopnea) EDEMAankle swelling? weight gain?

PALPITATIONS heart fluttering? SYNCOPE dizzy? lightheaded? POOR PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION cold, pale, blue hands/feet?

pulmonary edema

back flow of blood into the pulmonary circuit excess fluid in the lungs decreased oxygen absorption

KEY COMPONENTS

  1. CHEST PAIN
    1. pain in chest, neck, arm?
  2. DYSPNEA / SHORTNESS OF BREATH
    1. activity? sleeping? laying flat? (orthopnea)
  3. EDEMA
    1. ankle swelling? weight gain?
  4. PALPITATIONS
    1. heart fluttering?
  5. SYNCOPE
    1. dizzy? lightheaded?
  6. POOR PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
    1. cold, pale, blue hands/feet?
location= 5th intercostal space
note if the maximal pulse is displaced: can indicate heart abnormalities (ex: cardiomegaly)

KEY COMPONENTS

CHEST PAINpain in chest, neck, arm? DYSPNEA / SHORTNESS OF BREATHactivity? sleeping? laying flat? (orthopnea) EDEMAankle swelling? weight gain?

PALPITATIONS heart fluttering? SYNCOPE dizzy? lightheaded? POOR PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION cold, pale, blue hands/feet?