RELATIVE CLAUSES
INDEX
1. What's a relative clause?
2. Which relative to use?
3. Defining relative clauses
4. Non-defining relative clauses
5. Reduced relative clauses
6. Relatives and prepositions
7. Thanks
wHAT IS A RELATIVE CLAUSE?
A relative clause is a subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun or adverb. There are two kinds: defining and non-defining.
WHICH RELATIVE TO USE?
WHOM
WHERE
WHOSE
WHO
WHY
WHICH
THAT
WHEN
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
A defining relative clause provides essential information to identify the noun (antecedent) we are talking about. Without it, the sentence is incomplete.
PEOPLE
Mary is the girl WHO/THAT went to school in Finland.We can use both.
She was a famous actress WHOM he loved and admired.
POSSESSION
He is the boy WHOSE father won the lottery. It can't be substituted.
OBJECTS AND ANIMALS
You need to tick the box which/that says Yes.
It's the same picture which/that I saw in the gallery.
This is the building in which I lived during my childhood. (If there is a preposition, we can't use THAT.)
PLACE AND TIME
This is the city where I was born.We can't substitute it.
It was the day when/that she started university.We can use both.
REASON OR MOTIVE
Do you know the reason why he left?We can't substitute it.
CAN WE OMMIT THE RELATIVE?
If the relative ISN'T the subject of the sentence, we can ommit:
We can't ommit the relative if it's the subject of the sentence. We can't ommit either:
ejemplos
ejemplos
EXAMPLES: OMISSION
It's the same picture I saw in the gallery. It was the day she started university. She was a famous actress he loved and admired. Do you know the reason he left?
It's the same picture which/that I saw in the gallery. It was the day when/that she started university. She was a famous actress whom he loved and admired. Do you know the reason why he left?
EXAMPLES: NOT OMISSION
You need to tick the box which/that says Yes.
He is the boy whose father won the lottery.
This is the city where I was born.
non-defining RELATIVE CLAUSES
A non-defining relative clause gives additional information about a noun (antecedent). We don't need this information to identify it. It goes between commas.YOU CAN NEVER OMMIT THE RELATIVE.
You can't use that.
EXAMPLES
Mike is a great student. He goes over his notes before exams. Mike, who is a great student, goes over his notes before exams.
The film will be set in the 60s. Its title is unknown. The film, whose title is unknown, will be set in the 60s.
These bikes cost a fortune. They are made in Japan. These bikes, which cost a fortune, are made in Japan.
Reduced relative clauses are clauses in which the relative pronoun is usually followed by the verb BE and which are cut out.
REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
If there are commas, we also eliminate them.The book, which was on the table, was made in Italy.
We eliminate both the relative pronoun and the verb BE.The dog that is lying on the floor won't wake up.
If there is another verb, we use the -ING form. The professor who works in room 303 will leave the university. The professor working in room 303 will leave the university.
RELATIVES AND PREPOSITIONS
The preposition can go before the relative (formal) or after the verb/at the end (informal).
THAT
WHICH
When THAT has a preposition, it always goes at the end.
The hotel in which we stayed was excellent.The hotel (which) we stayed in was excellent.
He liked the people (that) he lived with.It was the river (that) the children like to swim in.
WHO/WHOM
I met a woman with whom you used to live.I met a woman (who) you used to live with.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Thanks for your attention.
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RELATIVE CLAUSES
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Transcript
RELATIVE CLAUSES
INDEX
1. What's a relative clause?
2. Which relative to use?
3. Defining relative clauses
4. Non-defining relative clauses
5. Reduced relative clauses
6. Relatives and prepositions
7. Thanks
wHAT IS A RELATIVE CLAUSE?
A relative clause is a subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun or adverb. There are two kinds: defining and non-defining.
WHICH RELATIVE TO USE?
WHOM
WHERE
WHOSE
WHO
WHY
WHICH
THAT
WHEN
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
A defining relative clause provides essential information to identify the noun (antecedent) we are talking about. Without it, the sentence is incomplete.
PEOPLE
Mary is the girl WHO/THAT went to school in Finland.We can use both.
She was a famous actress WHOM he loved and admired.
POSSESSION
He is the boy WHOSE father won the lottery. It can't be substituted.
OBJECTS AND ANIMALS
You need to tick the box which/that says Yes.
It's the same picture which/that I saw in the gallery.
This is the building in which I lived during my childhood. (If there is a preposition, we can't use THAT.)
PLACE AND TIME
This is the city where I was born.We can't substitute it.
It was the day when/that she started university.We can use both.
REASON OR MOTIVE
Do you know the reason why he left?We can't substitute it.
CAN WE OMMIT THE RELATIVE?
If the relative ISN'T the subject of the sentence, we can ommit:
We can't ommit the relative if it's the subject of the sentence. We can't ommit either:
ejemplos
ejemplos
EXAMPLES: OMISSION
It's the same picture I saw in the gallery. It was the day she started university. She was a famous actress he loved and admired. Do you know the reason he left?
It's the same picture which/that I saw in the gallery. It was the day when/that she started university. She was a famous actress whom he loved and admired. Do you know the reason why he left?
EXAMPLES: NOT OMISSION
You need to tick the box which/that says Yes.
He is the boy whose father won the lottery.
This is the city where I was born.
non-defining RELATIVE CLAUSES
A non-defining relative clause gives additional information about a noun (antecedent). We don't need this information to identify it. It goes between commas.YOU CAN NEVER OMMIT THE RELATIVE.
You can't use that.
EXAMPLES
Mike is a great student. He goes over his notes before exams. Mike, who is a great student, goes over his notes before exams.
The film will be set in the 60s. Its title is unknown. The film, whose title is unknown, will be set in the 60s.
These bikes cost a fortune. They are made in Japan. These bikes, which cost a fortune, are made in Japan.
Reduced relative clauses are clauses in which the relative pronoun is usually followed by the verb BE and which are cut out.
REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
If there are commas, we also eliminate them.The book, which was on the table, was made in Italy.
We eliminate both the relative pronoun and the verb BE.The dog that is lying on the floor won't wake up.
If there is another verb, we use the -ING form. The professor who works in room 303 will leave the university. The professor working in room 303 will leave the university.
RELATIVES AND PREPOSITIONS
The preposition can go before the relative (formal) or after the verb/at the end (informal).
THAT
WHICH
When THAT has a preposition, it always goes at the end.
The hotel in which we stayed was excellent.The hotel (which) we stayed in was excellent.
He liked the people (that) he lived with.It was the river (that) the children like to swim in.
WHO/WHOM
I met a woman with whom you used to live.I met a woman (who) you used to live with.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Thanks for your attention.
Extra
Review