EN - 2025-2026 - SO II. Introduction

open science awareness

Introduction

to Open Science

Online training from the Aix-Marseille University libraries

Introduction

1. Definitions

Test

Contents

3. Common misconceptions

2. issues

Introduction to Open Science

Introduction

Placement test

Think you know everything there is to know about open science? Test yourself first with 4 questions.

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Introduction

1/4

A researcher who publishes in open access relinquishes his copyright.

TRUE

FALSE

Introduction

Correct

Regardless of the publication and distribution method, copyright always applies. Most open access distribution licences require the author to be cited. Only a contract transferring rights to a traditional publisher can result in the author losing some of their rights to their publication.

Further information: CoopIST. Protéger vos droits d’auteur

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Introduction

2/4

An open archive is:

a repository of documents made available in open access on the Internet

a repository reserved for open access journals

a self-service library open 24 hours a day

Introduction

Correct

Answer: a repository of documents made available in open access on the internet. An open archive is a documentary database that is freely accessible on the internet at no cost. Researchers can deposit scientific or technical documents that they have authored and for which they hold the distribution rights, making these documents freely accessible.

Further information: CoopIST. Déposer ses publications dans une archive ouverte

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Introduction

3/4

The open access green route is costly for researchers.

TRUE

FALSE

Introduction

Correct

Answer: false.The green route is self-archiving or deposit by the author in an open archive. Depositing a publication in an open archive is free for the author and free for readers to consult. An open archive is a repository where publications from scientific research and teaching are deposited, and access to which is free and open to all.

Further information: Le site couperin de la science ouverte en France, la voie verte

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Introduction

4/4

What does the acronym APC stand for?

Article Post Copy

Article Preview Cost

Article Processing Charges

Introduction

Correct

Answer: Article Processing Charges. APC are publication fees charged by publishers to fund the open access distribution of scientific articles.

Further information: Guide des BU AMU sur l'open access

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Introduction

1/ Definition of Open Science

What is Open Science?

Definition of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)

Open access to scientific literature means "making it freely available on the public internet, allowing anyone to read, download, copy, transmit, print (...), or use it for any other legal purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers other than those inherent in accessing and using the internet."

Source : Ouvrir la Science, Initiative de Budapest pour l'Accès Ouvert

Introduction

2/ Issues in Open Science

Scientific integrity and research transparency

Researcher digital identity

Research evaluation

High-quality collaborations

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Introduction

3/ Common misconceptions about Open Science

Good journals do not tolerate submission

I am not allowed to file

The publisher has all rights

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

It's no use, I have Researchgate

I risk being plagiarised

Publishers will go bankrupt

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

Source : Libguide BU AMU Open access, 2023

Open Science awareness

Training course

IV. Research data

VI. Citizen and participatory sciences

II. Introduction

VIII. Conclusion

I. Preamble

V. Support for bibliodiversity

VII. Peer review

III. Disseminating publications

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Introduction

False !

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FALSE

It's no use, I have Researchgate.

Unlike HAL, which is publicly funded, academic social networks are private, for-profit initiatives. This raises questions about the longevity of the data: will the files stored on these platforms still be accessible in 10 or 20 years' time? Is free access and free services guaranteed in the long term?Good to know: HAL and social networks can be used in a complementary manner if you deposit your files in HAL (= format durability, CINES archiving, free of charge) and link to them from ResearchGate or Academia.edu.

Scientific integrity and research transparency

Making your data available provides a better guarantee of research transparency and allows you to protect yourself against errors and fraud (combating plagiarism, data fabrication or data falsification).

Research funded by public money should benefit everyone. Opening up data strengthens citizens' trust in science. Open science provides a better understanding of how research progresses and reduces margins of error by allowing other researchers to reproduce experiments or reasoning. Open science involves opening up the researcher's ‘black box’ by sharing as much as possible the data and methods underlying publications. Source: Passport to Open Science

Research evaluation

The evaluation of researchers, with its consequences on their career development, the evaluation of research projects and the evaluation of laboratories are still too often based on inappropriate bibliometric indicators, including the infamous journal impact factor. This reductionist practice is one of the main reasons for the virtual monopoly of capitalist publishers and the capture of the time and expertise of a large number of researchers in certain major disciplines. Source: Ouvrir la science

FALSE

The publisher holds all rights.

There are two scenarios when you have published or are going to publish in a commercial journal:

• The contract does not include exclusive transfer of copyright: the author is free to publish a preprint of their article.
• The contract includes a transfer of rights: the author has the option of requesting permission from the publisher to deposit a version of their article (to be defined with the publisher), with or without a delay.

Good to know: The contract between the author and the publisher is negotiable and can be amended, even after it has been signed.

FALSE

Publishers will go bankrupt

None of the studies conducted on the subject confirm this. The European PEER study (2008-2012), involving INRIA, the European Science Foundation, the Max Planck Society, the CCSD and major scientific publishers (Elsevier, Wiley, Springer, BMJ, Nature, etc.), shows that open access has no negative effect on publishers' business models. On the contrary, the same study reveals a significant increase in the number of article downloads on publishers' platforms (from 7.5% to 15.5% depending on the discipline). Good to know: It is possible to deposit an article immediately in HAL and set up a delayed release (embargo), which will be activated automatically at the end of the chosen period.

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The advantages of open access research:

• Efficiency: sharing means that research in general does not have to reinvent the wheel and can therefore be more efficient.
• Errors are easier to identify and correct.
• The results obtained can be more easily verified by peers.
• The future of your data is less uncertain and the data is more easily reusable.

Source: page 12 of the Passport to Open Science

FALSE

I risk being plagiarised

All documents deposited in HAL are protected by copyright. The date of deposit certifies scientific priority, and a unique identifier guarantees the authorship of the article. Good to know: In fact, the more visible an article is, the greater the risk of plagiarism.

Researcher digital identity

Putting your data and documents online helps increase the visibility of your work and allows you to be cited more often. According to this study published in the journal Plos one, sharing data related to a publication increases citations of the article by 25%.

There are several researcher identity repositories that enable you to better manage your scientific output, such as ORCID, IdHAL, etc.

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Promoting high-quality collaborations

Promote, through openness, high-quality collaboration not only within the scientific community but also by enabling new actors in society to participate in scientific processes (citizen science and participatory science).

Info

Good journals do not tolerate submission

FALSE

74% of publishers permit the deposit of articles in open archives, including the most prestigious journals:

• Nature permits the submission of author versions of articles (prior to peer review) and, in some cases, post-prints.
• Science permits the submission of author versions (pre-prints) and versions approved for publication (post-prints), as does Tetrahedron.

Good to know: To find out what the policy is of the journal you wish to publish in, consult Open policy finder.

FALSE

I am not allowed to file

67% of publishers accept the deposit of articles in an open pre-print (= pre-publication) or post-print (= post-publication) archive, in the author's version accepted for publication, without the publisher's typographical formatting.

Some publishers accept or recommend the submission of the published version (publisher PDF). Good to know: When you submit an article to HAL, the form automatically displays the types of submissions authorised by the publisher or journal.

HAL, Hyper Article en Ligne, is a repository containing millions of documents produced in the context of scientific research and higher education. The platform guarantees access to and long-term preservation of these documents and offers a range of services that contribute to their promotion.