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Human vs AI

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Mammary Tumors in Dogs and Cats

In this edition of Human vs. AI, we explore key surgical decisions in managing mammary tumours in dogs and cats. Through five clinical questions based on real scenarios and recent literature, we compare AI-generated answers, guided by evidence, with those of an experienced surgeon. This highlights how clinical judgement shapes choices in technique, surgical extent, and lymph node management when there is no single correct answer. After watching the videos, answer: Which video shows the diagnosis explained by the human specialist?

Next

Watch

What clinical factors would you consider most relevant when deciding between lumpectomy, regional or radical mastectomy in a bitch with multiple non-ulcerated nodules in a single mammary chain?

Option B

Option A

Next

Justify

Before selecting your answer, justify your choice by comparing the communication style, reasoning quality, alignment with the readings, and key differences between both responses.

Choose

What clinical factors would you consider most relevant when deciding between lumpectomy, regional or radical mastectomy in a bitch with multiple non-ulcerated nodules in a single mammary chain?

Option B

Option A

Be careful

Remember that guidelines are starting points, not final destinations.

Try again

Well done

Appropriate balance between evidence and clinical context.

Next question

Watch

In bitches and queens, would you routinely perform lymphadenectomy when removing an entire mammary chain? What clinical or imaging findings would change your decision?

Option B

Option A

Next

Justify

Before selecting your answer, justify your choice by comparing the communication style, reasoning quality, alignment with the readings, and key differences between both responses.

Choose

In bitches and queens, would you routinely perform lymphadenectomy when removing an entire mammary chain? What clinical or imaging findings would change your decision?

Option B

Option A

Be careful

Remember that guidelines are starting points, not final destinations.

Try again

Well done

Appropriate balance between evidence and clinical context.

Next question

Watch

Faced with an ulcerated mammary tumor <3 cm, would you choose limited resection or consider radical mastectomy in a middle-aged queen in good general condition?

Option B

Option A

Next

Justify

Before selecting your answer, justify your choice by comparing the communication style, reasoning quality, alignment with the readings, and key differences between both responses.

Choose

Faced with an ulcerated mammary tumor <3 cm, would you choose limited resection or consider radical mastectomy in a middle-aged queen in good general condition?

Option B

Option A

Be careful

Remember that guidelines are starting points, not final destinations.

Try again

Well done

Appropriate balance between evidence and clinical context.

Next question

Watch

Under what clinical circumstances would you justify performing a bilateral mastectomy in a single surgical session? Would you do it in a geriatric bitch with mild pulmonary disease?

Option B

Option A

Next

Justify

Before selecting your answer, justify your choice by comparing the communication style, reasoning quality, alignment with the readings, and key differences between both responses.

Choose

Under what clinical circumstances would you justify performing a bilateral mastectomy in a single surgical session? Would you do it in a geriatric bitch with mild pulmonary disease?

Option B

Option A

Be careful

Remember that guidelines are starting points, not final destinations.

Try again

Well done

Appropriate balance between evidence and clinical context.

Next question

Watch

Would you consider a slightly enlarged axillary lymph node in a bitch with a caudal mammary carcinoma a contraindication for conservative surgery? Why?

Option B

Option A

Next

Justify

Before selecting your answer, justify your choice by comparing the communication style, reasoning quality, alignment with the readings, and key differences between both responses.

Choose

Would you consider a slightly enlarged axillary lymph node in a bitch with a caudal mammary carcinoma a contraindication for conservative surgery? Why?

Option B

Option A

Be careful

Remember that guidelines are starting points, not final destinations.

Try again

Well done

Appropriate balance between evidence and clinical context.

Summary

Next

Rewatch both videos to consolidate your understanding of the key differences identified.

Specialist’s Feedback

AI-Generated Response

Bibliographic sources used as AI knowledge base.

Mello SSd, Avila Fagundes AAd, Mota FCD, Ronchi AAM. Lumpectomy may negatively impact survival in female dogs with mammary carcinomas. Vet Sci. 2025 Jul 2;12(7):631. doi:10.3390/vetsci12070631. Hörnfeldt MB, Mortensen JK. Surgical dose and the clinical outcome in the treatment of mammary gland tumours in female dogs: a literature review. Acta Vet Scand. 2023;65(1):12. doi:10.1186/s13028-023-00674-1. Kim SH, Yoo DS, Park CH, Lee SH, Lee JH, Ahn T, et al. Radical mastectomy efficiently improves long-term clinical outcomes in dogs with malignant mammary tumors. Animals (Basel). 2024;14(24):3687. doi:10.3390/ani14243687. Días MLdM, Andrade JML, de Castro MB, Galera PD. Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: Epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects. Pesq Vet Bras. 2016;36(2):181–6. Vazquez E, Lipovka Y, Cervantes-Arias A, Garibay-Escobar A, Haby MM, Queiroga FL, Velazquez C. Canine mammary cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(19):3147. doi:10.3390/ani13193147.