Guess the new theme
Next
Ms DEVOS AC-NICE
From slavery to obama and blm
What are the turning points of African American history in the United States ?
Next
What do you know ?
#032024
WHAT ?
WHO ?
African Americans were enslaved (treated like objects), then they were seperated from white people and they are still victims of racism in today's society.
Persons like Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, Harriet Tubman, Barack Obama, Kamala Harris etc...
WHERE ?
WHEN ?
In the United States of America
From around the 17th century until nowadays.
Next
Contents
01a
Before 1865
01b
01
Until 1865
Slavery
02b
02a
02
The Civil Rights Movement
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation
03a
1st Black President (opening the way )
03
Obama & BLM
03b
BLM
04
Rememberance (Black History Month) & Ongoing fights
Slavery
What is slavery ?
................
esclave
fouet
................
................
propriétaires
déshumaniser
................
s'échapper
................
................
abolir/mettre fin à
Next
Slavery before 1865
Who ?
What ?
Places ?
Next
Write sentences with the pictures and the words below.
Slavery before 1865
Wear / Worn out / Torn / Clothes
Most / Work / Cotton fields / Plantations
Be / Dehumanise / Tools
Be / Beat / Abuse / Whip / Slaves Owners
Slaves wore/had to wear worn out and torn clothes.
Most slaves worked/had to work in cotton fields or plantations all day long.
Slaves were dehumanised and considered tools rather than persons.
Slaves were beaten, abused and whipped by slaves owners.
Next
Turning point
Do you know this man ? Who is he ? What has he done ?
This is Abraham Lincoln.
He was the 16th president of the United States and the 1st one from the Republican party.
How ?
He abolished slavery.
The Civil War (12 April 1861 – 26 May 1865)
13th Amendment & consequences
The Civil War
Antebellum America
1865
1861 -> 1865
1822 -> 1850
1863
1860
Emancipation Proclamation
North/South tension
Next
What next ?
What happened on the long term after slavery has been abolished for African Americans ? Let's make hypothesis.
Jim Crow
Describe the two pictures on the right. What or who do you think Jim Crow is ? What do you think about the depiction of African Americans in these pictures?
Examples
Rephrase the laws below using : were not allowed to and had to.
North Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
"All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races."
"All marriages between a white person and a negro, or between a white person and a person of negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited."
"Books shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the race first using them.".
"Separate schools shall be maintained for the children of the white and colored races"
Next
How do you call the seperation of white and coloured people ? What do you think were the reactions regarding this seperation ?
Next
Segregation
WHAT ?
REACTIONS ?
The physical seperation of white and coloured people in public places in the United States. According to Plessy V. Fergusson, though both races were seperate, they had equal rights hence the "seperate but equal" statement. However, the fact that couloured people could go to prison if they did not respect these boudaries was questionable. Was it the same for white people ?
This seperation between white and coloured people underlined an issue in society. People could not live together as expected. This led to the rise of protest especially from African Americans in a movement called "The Civil Right Movement".
MAIN FIGURES ?
African Americans such as Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, or Malcolm X played a huge part in the Civil Rights Movement.
Next
Segregation and the Civil Right movement
Who ? What ? Places ?
Next
Segregation and the Civil Rights movement
1954 "Brown V. Board of Eucation"
1964-1965 "The Civil & Voting Rights Acts"
1961 "JFK & positive discrimination"
1955 "The Montgomery bus boycott"
1963 "The march on Washington"
Next
What about now ? What do you know about the way African Amercians are treated nowadays (21st century) ?
After the Voting Rights Act ?
From the Voting Rights Act to Barack Obama's Election
Do you remember when the Voting Rights Act has it been passed ? Look at the documents. Present and describe them.
What do you know about Barack Obama ?
What impact did his election had ?
Next
The BLM movement
Do you know what BLM stands for ?
Picture 2 : The case of George Floyd George Floyd Jr. was a black American man who was murdered by a white police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during an arrest made after a store clerk suspected Floyd may have used a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill, on May 25, 2020. Derek Chauvin, one of the four police officers who arrived on the scene, knelt on Floyd's neck and back for 9 minutes and 29 seconds which caused a lack of oxygen. After his murder, protests against police brutality, especially towards black people, quickly spread across the United States and globally. His dying words, "I can't breathe", became a rallying slogan. Chauvin was sentenced to 22.5 years in prison. The other three police officers at the scene were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights.
Picture 1 : The case of Trayvon Martin On the evening of 26 February 26 2012, in Sanford, Florida, United States, Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African-American was shot by George Zimmerman a 28-year-old Hispanic man who was a neighborhood watch coordinator for the gated community where Martin was visiting relatives at the time of the shooting. Zimmerman was charged with murder of the second degree for Martin's death, but acquitted by the jury after claiming self-defense. Zimmerman was accused of being motivated by racism and of having racially profiled Martin.Zimmerman claimed using his right to the "Stand your ground law" ( a law that states people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense))
Black History Month
Next
What does the future hold ?
Even though there have been major steps regarding African American history and recognition, it seems to be an ongoing fight. Are things like Black History Month enought to fully pay tribute to what African Amercian have been (and are still) going through ? Make hypothesis on what may happen in the future.
Final Task
You are participating in an exhibition on African American history for your school library. Create a timeline that traces the major events in the history of African American rights. Choose 6 events (2 from each period seen in class) which represent African American history (in the United States) and explain each of them in a few sentences.
13th Amendment & consequences
The Civil War
Antebellum America
1865
1861 -> 1865
1822 -> 1850
1863
1860
Emancipation Proclamation
North/South tension
Next
Tool Box
Antebellum : Before the Civil War The confederacy : Composed of 11 slave states in the southern part of the United States The Union : Included 20 free states in the northern part of the United States and four southern border slave states A slave state : A state where slavery is legal
1955 "The Montgomery bus boycott"
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. One of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. In 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, African Americans were still required by a city ordinance to sit in the back half of city buses and to yield their seats to white riders if the front half of the bus, reserved for whites, was full. Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. Indeed, when the white seats filled, the driver, J. Fred Blake, asked Parks and three others to vacate their seats. The other Black riders complied, but Parks refused.
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" was a pejorative term for an African American. Jim Crow laws implemented racial segregation in all public facilities in the beginning in the 1870s. In 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court spread the "separate but equal" legal doctrine concerning facilities for African Americans.
1961 "JFK & positive discrimination"
In the United States, affirmative action (or positive discrimination) implemented by president John F. Kennedy consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration to groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. These programs tend to focus on access to education and employment in order to redress the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Another goal of affirmative action policies is to ensure that public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.
BLM ?
BLACK LIVES MATTER
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a political and social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and racial inequality experienced by black people, and promote anti-racism. Its primary concerns are incidents of police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people.
The movement returned to national headlines and gained further international attention during the global George Floyd protests in 2020 following his murder by police officer Derek Chauvin. An estimated 15 million to 26 million people participated in the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in the United States, making it one of the largest movements in the country's history.
The movement began in July 2013, with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of African American teen Trayvon Martin. It became nationally recognized for street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two more African Americans, Michael Brown and Eric Garner.
13th Amendment & consequences (1865)
The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishes slavery. It states that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
This was not a win for everyone and it created tensions with the rise of white supremacists groups such as the KKK and the assassination of President Lincoln.
G5
1954 "Brown V. Board of Education"
In 1896, the Supreme Court implemented Plessy v. Ferguson that racially segregated public facilities were legal, so long as the facilities for Black people and whites were equal. In 1951 a plaintiff named Oliver Brown filed a suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, after his daughter, Linda, was denied entrance to Topeka’s all-white elementary schools. Brown claimed that schools for Black children were not equal to the white schools. In the decision, issued on May 17, 1954, the Supreme court concluded that “in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place,” as segregated schools are “inherently unequal” and are thus unconstitutional.
Antebellum America (1822-1850s)
From 1822 to the 1850s many African American figures were pioneers of a movement for change a revolution regarding slavery. For instance, a man called Nat Turner led a rebellion in 1831 killing a lot of white people. Many slaves tried to escape during these times. Some were successful like Frederick Douglass or Harriet Tubman, others weren’t so lucky.
With the rise of escape attempts and actions to help free slaves, the “Fugitive Slave Act” was passed in 1850 punishing those who would help runaway slaves.
G1
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, on May 19, 1925 was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. While the civil rights movement fought against racial segregation, Malcolm X advocated the complete separation of African Americans from Whites.
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross around March 1822 in the United States) was an American abolitionist and social activist. After escaping slavery, Tubman made missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known collectively as the Underground Railroad.
North/South tension (1860)
At the time, there were two different types of states. Slave states (in favour of slavery) in the South of the United States also known as the Confederacy and free states (which fought against slavery) in the North of the United States also known as the Union. There is a third side composed of “neutral states”.
The abolition of slavery wasn’t an economical advantage to people from the South as cotton was highly profitable thus they needed labour force.
G2
1963 "The march on Washington"
The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have a Dream” speech. Though his speech was scheduled to be four minutes long, he ended up speaking for 16 minutes, in what would become one of the most famous orations of the civil rights movement—and of human history. 1963 also marks the assassination of JFK.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
1861 has been marked by the election of the first Republican United State president Abraham Lincoln who was part of the Union. The Civil war opposed the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy). The war was caused by the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand to other states (creating more slave states) or be prevented leading to its abolition in the best-case scenario.
The war has been won by the Union. There were between 650000 and 850000 losses.
G3
1964 - 1965 "The Civil and Voting Rights Acts"
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. First proposed by President John F. Kennedy, it faced strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was signed later into law by Kennedy’s successor, president Lyndon B. Johnson. In subsequent years, Congress expanded the act and passed additional civil rights legislation such as the Voting Right Act of 1965. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
The Emancipation Proclamation (or Proclamation 95) was established by Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863 during the Civil War. It played a significant part in the end of slavery in the United States. The proclamation set free slaves as soon they escaped the control of their enslavers by fleeing to the Union.
It has changed the status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans from the southern states.
G4
Obama's election paved the way for African American people like Kamala Harris to have a prominent presence on the policitcal scene. Indeed, she is the first woman whom has been appoited as vice-president. Perhaps after having Barack Obama as the first black president, in 2024 the United States might witness its first African American (and Asian American) woman Kamala Harris as president.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States for two mandates from 2009 to 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party (like the current president of the United States Joe Biden)and he was the first African-American president in U.S. history.
13th Amendment & consequences (1865)
The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishes slavery. It states that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
This was not a win for everyone and it created tensions with the rise of white supremacists groups such as the KKK and the assassination of President Lincoln.
G5
Antebellum America (1822-1850s)
From 1822 to the 1850s many African American figures were pioneers of a movement for change a revolution regarding slavery. For instance, a man called Nat Turner led a rebellion in 1831 killing a lot of white people. Many slaves tried to escape during these times. Some were successful like Frederick Douglass or Harriet Tubman, others weren’t so lucky.
With the rise of escape attempts and actions to help free slaves, the “Fugitive Slave Act” was passed in 1850 punishing those who would help runaway slaves.
G1
North/South tension (1860)
At the time, there were two different types of states. Slave states (in favour of slavery) in the South of the United States also known as the Confederacy and free states (which fought against slavery) in the North of the United States also known as the Union. There is a third side composed of “neutral states”.
The abolition of slavery wasn’t an economical advantage to people from the South as cotton was highly profitable thus they needed labour force.
G2
The Civil War (1861-1865)
1861 has been marked by the election of the first Republican United State president Abraham Lincoln who was part of the Union. The Civil war opposed the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy). The war was caused by the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand to other states (creating more slave states) or be prevented leading to its abolition in the best-case scenario.
The war has been won by the Union. There were between 650000 and 850000 losses.
G3
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
The Emancipation Proclamation (or Proclamation 95) was established by Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863 during the Civil War. It played a significant part in the end of slavery in the United States. The proclamation set free slaves as soon they escaped the control of their enslavers by fleeing to the Union.
It has changed the status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans from the southern states.
G4
3e - From slavery to Obama and BLM
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Transcript
Guess the new theme
Next
Ms DEVOS AC-NICE
From slavery to obama and blm
What are the turning points of African American history in the United States ?
Next
What do you know ?
#032024
WHAT ?
WHO ?
African Americans were enslaved (treated like objects), then they were seperated from white people and they are still victims of racism in today's society.
Persons like Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, Harriet Tubman, Barack Obama, Kamala Harris etc...
WHERE ?
WHEN ?
In the United States of America
From around the 17th century until nowadays.
Next
Contents
01a
Before 1865
01b
01
Until 1865
Slavery
02b
02a
02
The Civil Rights Movement
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation
03a
1st Black President (opening the way )
03
Obama & BLM
03b
BLM
04
Rememberance (Black History Month) & Ongoing fights
Slavery
What is slavery ?
................
esclave
fouet
................
................
propriétaires
déshumaniser
................
s'échapper
................
................
abolir/mettre fin à
Next
Slavery before 1865
Who ?
What ?
Places ?
Next
Write sentences with the pictures and the words below.
Slavery before 1865
Wear / Worn out / Torn / Clothes
Most / Work / Cotton fields / Plantations
Be / Dehumanise / Tools
Be / Beat / Abuse / Whip / Slaves Owners
Slaves wore/had to wear worn out and torn clothes.
Most slaves worked/had to work in cotton fields or plantations all day long.
Slaves were dehumanised and considered tools rather than persons.
Slaves were beaten, abused and whipped by slaves owners.
Next
Turning point
Do you know this man ? Who is he ? What has he done ?
This is Abraham Lincoln.
He was the 16th president of the United States and the 1st one from the Republican party.
How ?
He abolished slavery.
The Civil War (12 April 1861 – 26 May 1865)
13th Amendment & consequences
The Civil War
Antebellum America
1865
1861 -> 1865
1822 -> 1850
1863
1860
Emancipation Proclamation
North/South tension
Next
What next ?
What happened on the long term after slavery has been abolished for African Americans ? Let's make hypothesis.
Jim Crow
Describe the two pictures on the right. What or who do you think Jim Crow is ? What do you think about the depiction of African Americans in these pictures?
Examples
Rephrase the laws below using : were not allowed to and had to.
North Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
"All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races."
"All marriages between a white person and a negro, or between a white person and a person of negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited."
"Books shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the race first using them.".
"Separate schools shall be maintained for the children of the white and colored races"
Next
How do you call the seperation of white and coloured people ? What do you think were the reactions regarding this seperation ?
Next
Segregation
WHAT ?
REACTIONS ?
The physical seperation of white and coloured people in public places in the United States. According to Plessy V. Fergusson, though both races were seperate, they had equal rights hence the "seperate but equal" statement. However, the fact that couloured people could go to prison if they did not respect these boudaries was questionable. Was it the same for white people ?
This seperation between white and coloured people underlined an issue in society. People could not live together as expected. This led to the rise of protest especially from African Americans in a movement called "The Civil Right Movement".
MAIN FIGURES ?
African Americans such as Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, or Malcolm X played a huge part in the Civil Rights Movement.
Next
Segregation and the Civil Right movement
Who ? What ? Places ?
Next
Segregation and the Civil Rights movement
1954 "Brown V. Board of Eucation"
1964-1965 "The Civil & Voting Rights Acts"
1961 "JFK & positive discrimination"
1955 "The Montgomery bus boycott"
1963 "The march on Washington"
Next
What about now ? What do you know about the way African Amercians are treated nowadays (21st century) ?
After the Voting Rights Act ?
From the Voting Rights Act to Barack Obama's Election
Do you remember when the Voting Rights Act has it been passed ? Look at the documents. Present and describe them.
What do you know about Barack Obama ?
What impact did his election had ?
Next
The BLM movement
Do you know what BLM stands for ?
Picture 2 : The case of George Floyd George Floyd Jr. was a black American man who was murdered by a white police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during an arrest made after a store clerk suspected Floyd may have used a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill, on May 25, 2020. Derek Chauvin, one of the four police officers who arrived on the scene, knelt on Floyd's neck and back for 9 minutes and 29 seconds which caused a lack of oxygen. After his murder, protests against police brutality, especially towards black people, quickly spread across the United States and globally. His dying words, "I can't breathe", became a rallying slogan. Chauvin was sentenced to 22.5 years in prison. The other three police officers at the scene were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights.
Picture 1 : The case of Trayvon Martin On the evening of 26 February 26 2012, in Sanford, Florida, United States, Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African-American was shot by George Zimmerman a 28-year-old Hispanic man who was a neighborhood watch coordinator for the gated community where Martin was visiting relatives at the time of the shooting. Zimmerman was charged with murder of the second degree for Martin's death, but acquitted by the jury after claiming self-defense. Zimmerman was accused of being motivated by racism and of having racially profiled Martin.Zimmerman claimed using his right to the "Stand your ground law" ( a law that states people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense))
Black History Month
Next
What does the future hold ?
Even though there have been major steps regarding African American history and recognition, it seems to be an ongoing fight. Are things like Black History Month enought to fully pay tribute to what African Amercian have been (and are still) going through ? Make hypothesis on what may happen in the future.
Final Task
You are participating in an exhibition on African American history for your school library. Create a timeline that traces the major events in the history of African American rights. Choose 6 events (2 from each period seen in class) which represent African American history (in the United States) and explain each of them in a few sentences.
13th Amendment & consequences
The Civil War
Antebellum America
1865
1861 -> 1865
1822 -> 1850
1863
1860
Emancipation Proclamation
North/South tension
Next
Tool Box
Antebellum : Before the Civil War The confederacy : Composed of 11 slave states in the southern part of the United States The Union : Included 20 free states in the northern part of the United States and four southern border slave states A slave state : A state where slavery is legal
1955 "The Montgomery bus boycott"
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. One of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. In 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, African Americans were still required by a city ordinance to sit in the back half of city buses and to yield their seats to white riders if the front half of the bus, reserved for whites, was full. Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. Indeed, when the white seats filled, the driver, J. Fred Blake, asked Parks and three others to vacate their seats. The other Black riders complied, but Parks refused.
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" was a pejorative term for an African American. Jim Crow laws implemented racial segregation in all public facilities in the beginning in the 1870s. In 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court spread the "separate but equal" legal doctrine concerning facilities for African Americans.
1961 "JFK & positive discrimination"
In the United States, affirmative action (or positive discrimination) implemented by president John F. Kennedy consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration to groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. These programs tend to focus on access to education and employment in order to redress the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Another goal of affirmative action policies is to ensure that public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.
BLM ?
BLACK LIVES MATTER
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a political and social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and racial inequality experienced by black people, and promote anti-racism. Its primary concerns are incidents of police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people.
The movement returned to national headlines and gained further international attention during the global George Floyd protests in 2020 following his murder by police officer Derek Chauvin. An estimated 15 million to 26 million people participated in the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in the United States, making it one of the largest movements in the country's history.
The movement began in July 2013, with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of African American teen Trayvon Martin. It became nationally recognized for street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two more African Americans, Michael Brown and Eric Garner.
13th Amendment & consequences (1865)
The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishes slavery. It states that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
This was not a win for everyone and it created tensions with the rise of white supremacists groups such as the KKK and the assassination of President Lincoln.
G5
1954 "Brown V. Board of Education"
In 1896, the Supreme Court implemented Plessy v. Ferguson that racially segregated public facilities were legal, so long as the facilities for Black people and whites were equal. In 1951 a plaintiff named Oliver Brown filed a suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, after his daughter, Linda, was denied entrance to Topeka’s all-white elementary schools. Brown claimed that schools for Black children were not equal to the white schools. In the decision, issued on May 17, 1954, the Supreme court concluded that “in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place,” as segregated schools are “inherently unequal” and are thus unconstitutional.
Antebellum America (1822-1850s)
From 1822 to the 1850s many African American figures were pioneers of a movement for change a revolution regarding slavery. For instance, a man called Nat Turner led a rebellion in 1831 killing a lot of white people. Many slaves tried to escape during these times. Some were successful like Frederick Douglass or Harriet Tubman, others weren’t so lucky.
With the rise of escape attempts and actions to help free slaves, the “Fugitive Slave Act” was passed in 1850 punishing those who would help runaway slaves.
G1
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, on May 19, 1925 was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. While the civil rights movement fought against racial segregation, Malcolm X advocated the complete separation of African Americans from Whites.
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross around March 1822 in the United States) was an American abolitionist and social activist. After escaping slavery, Tubman made missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known collectively as the Underground Railroad.
North/South tension (1860)
At the time, there were two different types of states. Slave states (in favour of slavery) in the South of the United States also known as the Confederacy and free states (which fought against slavery) in the North of the United States also known as the Union. There is a third side composed of “neutral states”.
The abolition of slavery wasn’t an economical advantage to people from the South as cotton was highly profitable thus they needed labour force.
G2
1963 "The march on Washington"
The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have a Dream” speech. Though his speech was scheduled to be four minutes long, he ended up speaking for 16 minutes, in what would become one of the most famous orations of the civil rights movement—and of human history. 1963 also marks the assassination of JFK.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
1861 has been marked by the election of the first Republican United State president Abraham Lincoln who was part of the Union. The Civil war opposed the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy). The war was caused by the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand to other states (creating more slave states) or be prevented leading to its abolition in the best-case scenario.
The war has been won by the Union. There were between 650000 and 850000 losses.
G3
1964 - 1965 "The Civil and Voting Rights Acts"
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. First proposed by President John F. Kennedy, it faced strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was signed later into law by Kennedy’s successor, president Lyndon B. Johnson. In subsequent years, Congress expanded the act and passed additional civil rights legislation such as the Voting Right Act of 1965. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
The Emancipation Proclamation (or Proclamation 95) was established by Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863 during the Civil War. It played a significant part in the end of slavery in the United States. The proclamation set free slaves as soon they escaped the control of their enslavers by fleeing to the Union.
It has changed the status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans from the southern states.
G4
Obama's election paved the way for African American people like Kamala Harris to have a prominent presence on the policitcal scene. Indeed, she is the first woman whom has been appoited as vice-president. Perhaps after having Barack Obama as the first black president, in 2024 the United States might witness its first African American (and Asian American) woman Kamala Harris as president.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States for two mandates from 2009 to 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party (like the current president of the United States Joe Biden)and he was the first African-American president in U.S. history.
13th Amendment & consequences (1865)
The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishes slavery. It states that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
This was not a win for everyone and it created tensions with the rise of white supremacists groups such as the KKK and the assassination of President Lincoln.
G5
Antebellum America (1822-1850s)
From 1822 to the 1850s many African American figures were pioneers of a movement for change a revolution regarding slavery. For instance, a man called Nat Turner led a rebellion in 1831 killing a lot of white people. Many slaves tried to escape during these times. Some were successful like Frederick Douglass or Harriet Tubman, others weren’t so lucky.
With the rise of escape attempts and actions to help free slaves, the “Fugitive Slave Act” was passed in 1850 punishing those who would help runaway slaves.
G1
North/South tension (1860)
At the time, there were two different types of states. Slave states (in favour of slavery) in the South of the United States also known as the Confederacy and free states (which fought against slavery) in the North of the United States also known as the Union. There is a third side composed of “neutral states”.
The abolition of slavery wasn’t an economical advantage to people from the South as cotton was highly profitable thus they needed labour force.
G2
The Civil War (1861-1865)
1861 has been marked by the election of the first Republican United State president Abraham Lincoln who was part of the Union. The Civil war opposed the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy). The war was caused by the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand to other states (creating more slave states) or be prevented leading to its abolition in the best-case scenario.
The war has been won by the Union. There were between 650000 and 850000 losses.
G3
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
The Emancipation Proclamation (or Proclamation 95) was established by Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863 during the Civil War. It played a significant part in the end of slavery in the United States. The proclamation set free slaves as soon they escaped the control of their enslavers by fleeing to the Union.
It has changed the status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans from the southern states.
G4