The several types of AI
This is a selection of the entirety of what is available. The characteristics of these AI tools may evolve because of new technological developments or commercial choices from the editors.
General generative AIs
Academic generative AIs
AI-powered assistants
FUT_Mars_2025
General generative AI
This type of AI system is called multimodal because it can process different types of inputs (text, sound, videos, images,…) and/or generate multiple types of outputs (same).
Comparing AI tools
To limit the risk of error and get a more thorough answer, it may be a good idea to cross-reference answers by asking different AIs the same question. In any case, it's best never to rely solely on the AI's answer.
FUT_Mars_2025
Academic generative AIs
They try to minimize the risk for hallucinations (false, misleading information presented as a fact) and are more transparent about their sources. They usually draw from a database made of scientific articles.
Comparing AI tools
To limit the risk of error and get a more thorough answer, it may be a good idea to cross-reference answers by asking different AIs the same question. In any case, it's best never to rely solely on the AI's answer.
FUT_Mars_2025
AI-powered assistants
Amongst all the available AIs, some are specialized in translation. Although they are getting more efficient, they cannot always translate specialized vocabulary. Notebook LM allows you to ask AI about a corpus of user-picked sources.
FUT_Mars_2025
FUT_Mars_2025
FUT_Mars_2025
Research rabbit starts from a scientific article to find accurate related articles, presenting them in a mind map form.
- Free version but an account is needed
- Unlimited requests
- Similar articles based on an article submitted to the search engine
- Can be linked to Zotero
- Maps the links between articles
- Origin: US
https://www.researchrabbit.ai/
- Free version
- Doesn’t always cite its sources
- Can generate texts and images
- Can analyse documents
- Connected to data from the Web
- Higher confidentiality with the paid version
- Moderate censorship
- Origin: US
https://chatgpt.com/
At the start of your research, you can submit your sources to Notebook LM and ask questions. The AI generates an answer based solely on your sources. This can reduce the risk of hallucinations. Always be wary of the quality of the answers. A deep analysis does not replace actually reading the material!
- Free version
- Up to 50 sources simultaneously
- PDF, copy-paste text, URLs, YouTube videos
- No data confidentiality
https://notebooklm.google.com/
On using Notebook LM + Perplexity together
Semantic Scholar is prompted with keywords and links to scientific articles in various field: medicine, engineering, history, political sciences, chemistry, etc.).
- Free version
- Unlimited requests
- AI-powered chat based on the PDF file of the article
- Sources: data from OpenAlex
- Optimized summary
- Origin: US
https://www.semanticscholar.org/
Tutoriel
- Free version
- 26 languages
- Word documents, PowerPoints, PDF translation
- Confidentiality : Reverso respects the GDPR
https://www.reverso.net/traduction-texte
- Free version (paid version accessible through UCBL Lyon 1)
- Cites its sources
- Can generate texts and images
- Can analyse documents
- Connected to data from the Web
- Higher confidentiality with the paid version
- Moderate censorship
- Origin: US
https://copilot.microsoft.com/
- Free version
- Doesn’t always cite its sources
- Can generate texts and images
- Can analyse documents
- Not connected to data from the Web
- No data confidentiality
- High censorship
- Claims to be Open Source
- Origin: China
https://www.deepseek.com/
- Free version
- Cites its sources
- Can generate texts and images
- Can analyse documents
- Connected to data from the Web
- Higher confidentiality with the paid version
- High censorship
- Origin: US
https://gemini.google.com/
Scispace is prompted with a question in natural language (in English). It provides a well-argued answer based on 5 explicitly cited scientific articles. Also offers an AI-powered redaction assistant.
- Free version but an account is needed after the first search.
- Unlimited requests
- Natural language question
- Optimized summary
- Origin: India
https://scispace.com/fr
Tutoriel
Consensus is prompted with natural language, and answers with an organized paragraph where the references to scientific articles are visible. You can sort the articles on which the answer is based (by date, by access, etc.).
- Free version but an account is needed
- Unlimited requests
- Questions asked using natural language
- Sources: Semantic Scholar
- Optimized summaries of the references
- Origin: US
https://consensus.app/
- Free version
- 243 languages
- Word documents, PowerPoints, PDF, Excel documents translation
- Images translation : .jpg, .jpeg and .png
- Websites translation
- No data confidentiality
https://translate.google.fr
- Free version
- Cites its sources
- Can generate texts and images
- Can analyse documents
- Connected to data from the Web
- Higher confidentiality with the paid version
- Moderate censorship
- Origin: US
https://www.perplexity.ai/
- Free version
- 33 languages
- Word documents, PowerPoints, PDF translation
- Higher confidentiality with the paid version
https://www.deepl.com/fr/translator
Elicit uses the data base from Semantic Scholar and is prompted with a question in natural language (in English). It provides articles, as well as summaries and data based on them.
- Free version but an account is needed
- Limited requests
- AI-powered chat based on the PDF file of the article
- Sources: data from OpenAlex
- Optimized summary
- Origin: US
https://elicit.com/
Mistral AI is a French AI.
- Free version
- Doesn’t always cite its sources
- Can generate texts and images
- Can analyse documents
- Connected to data from the Web
- Respects the GDPR
- Moderate censorship
- Claims to be Open Source
- Origin: France
https://mistral.ai/fr
Litmaps is prompted with keywords, author name, DOI,… and uses a mind map system to connect similar articles, starting from an article submitted by the user.
- Free version but an account is needed
- Unlimited requests
- Sources: data from OpenAlex
- Can be linked to Zotero
- Origin: New Zealand
https://www.litmaps.com/
The several types of AI
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Transcript
The several types of AI
This is a selection of the entirety of what is available. The characteristics of these AI tools may evolve because of new technological developments or commercial choices from the editors.
General generative AIs
Academic generative AIs
AI-powered assistants
FUT_Mars_2025
General generative AI
This type of AI system is called multimodal because it can process different types of inputs (text, sound, videos, images,…) and/or generate multiple types of outputs (same).
Comparing AI tools
To limit the risk of error and get a more thorough answer, it may be a good idea to cross-reference answers by asking different AIs the same question. In any case, it's best never to rely solely on the AI's answer.
FUT_Mars_2025
Academic generative AIs
They try to minimize the risk for hallucinations (false, misleading information presented as a fact) and are more transparent about their sources. They usually draw from a database made of scientific articles.
Comparing AI tools
To limit the risk of error and get a more thorough answer, it may be a good idea to cross-reference answers by asking different AIs the same question. In any case, it's best never to rely solely on the AI's answer.
FUT_Mars_2025
AI-powered assistants
Amongst all the available AIs, some are specialized in translation. Although they are getting more efficient, they cannot always translate specialized vocabulary. Notebook LM allows you to ask AI about a corpus of user-picked sources.
FUT_Mars_2025
FUT_Mars_2025
FUT_Mars_2025
Research rabbit starts from a scientific article to find accurate related articles, presenting them in a mind map form.
https://www.researchrabbit.ai/
https://chatgpt.com/
At the start of your research, you can submit your sources to Notebook LM and ask questions. The AI generates an answer based solely on your sources. This can reduce the risk of hallucinations. Always be wary of the quality of the answers. A deep analysis does not replace actually reading the material!
https://notebooklm.google.com/
On using Notebook LM + Perplexity together
Semantic Scholar is prompted with keywords and links to scientific articles in various field: medicine, engineering, history, political sciences, chemistry, etc.).
https://www.semanticscholar.org/
Tutoriel
https://www.reverso.net/traduction-texte
https://copilot.microsoft.com/
https://www.deepseek.com/
https://gemini.google.com/
Scispace is prompted with a question in natural language (in English). It provides a well-argued answer based on 5 explicitly cited scientific articles. Also offers an AI-powered redaction assistant.
https://scispace.com/fr
Tutoriel
Consensus is prompted with natural language, and answers with an organized paragraph where the references to scientific articles are visible. You can sort the articles on which the answer is based (by date, by access, etc.).
https://consensus.app/
https://translate.google.fr
https://www.perplexity.ai/
https://www.deepl.com/fr/translator
Elicit uses the data base from Semantic Scholar and is prompted with a question in natural language (in English). It provides articles, as well as summaries and data based on them.
https://elicit.com/
Mistral AI is a French AI.
https://mistral.ai/fr
Litmaps is prompted with keywords, author name, DOI,… and uses a mind map system to connect similar articles, starting from an article submitted by the user.
https://www.litmaps.com/