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SILENT SPREAD

Charl Justine Darapisa

Created on June 24, 2025

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SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

FIRST TIME PLAYERS

RETURNING PLAYERS

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

Beneath the forest floor and across rural landscapes, a silent invader is on the move. Phytophthora cinnamomi—a deadly plant pathogen—is spreading, disrupting ecosystems, and challenging farmers, foresters, and conservationists alike. In this digital serious game, you’ll step into the role of a land manager, investigator, and strategist. Through interactive levels, NPC encounters, and knowledge challenges, you’ll learn how this pathogen spreads, why it’s so hard to detect, and which sustainable management practices can help slow its advance. Are you ready to stop the spread before it's too late? Start playing. Start learning. And join the fight against the silent spread.

LEVEL 1

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 4

A Phyophthora cinnamomi-

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. players can use their mouse/cursor to drag the players. CLICK THIS BOX TO REVEAL THE NEXT STEP.

Role the dice. The players who earns the highest number goes first and so on..

Once the sequence of players is established, the player rolls the dice and must strategically land to the tiles where special items and pathogen are located. you can move in any direction (e.g straight, diagnol, zigzag, etc). If you got a number more than what you need to land on the tile, you can immediately explore the special items. For example. you only need 2 to reach the tile where there is a pathogen, but you obtained 5, then you can instantly go to the tile and open the pathogen. LEARN FROM THE TRIVIA AND ANSWER ALL THE QUIZZES TO ADVANCE TO THE NEXT LEVEL. GOOD LUCK.

inspireD digital serious game

HAVE YOU ANSWERED ALL THE QUIZZES AND TREATED THE INFECTED TREES? IF YES, CLICK HERE.

Quest Log

ACTIVATE LEVEL 1

Calcium Fertilizer

Resource Item

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

12:00

SILENT SPREAD

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. yOU CAN CHOOSE THE SAME CHARACTER YOU USED IN PREVIOUS LEVELS.

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

USE THE SAME SEQUENCE OF PLAYERS IN TAKING TURNS.

Once the sequence of players is established, the player rolls the dice and must strategically land to the tiles where special items and pathogen are located. you can move in any direction. LEARN FROM THE TRIVIA AND ANSWER ALL THE QUIZZES TO ADVANCE TO THE NEXT LEVEL. GOOD LUCK.

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES

Quest Log

ACTIVATE LEVEL 2

Rewards

Leaderboard

Calcium Fertilizer Root Barrier

Resource Item

Rewards

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

SILENT SPREAD

SCORE SUBMISSION

SUBMIT SCORE

LEVEL 3

Characters

15:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES AND TREATING INFECTED TREES.

USE THE SAME SEQUENCE OF PLAYERS WHEN TAKING TURNS.

PLAYERS ARE TO FACE THE PATHOGEN AND GAME EVENTS IN THIS LEVEL. AFTER OPENING A GAME EVENT, MAKE SURE TO CLICK THE REVEAL BUTTON TO ACTIVATE THE EVENT. GAME EVENTS MAKE THE GAME MORE EXCITING SO WATCH OUT HOW PATHOGENS SPREAD IN THIS LEVEL.

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. yOU CAN CHOOSE THE SAME CHARACTER YOU USED IN PREVIOUS LEVELS.

Quest Log

Reveal

ACTIVATE LEVEL 3

Reveal

Rewards

Leaderboard

Calcium Fertilizer Root Barrier Fence Tricoderma spp.

P. cinnamomi

Resource Item

Rewards

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

SILENT SPREAD

SCORE SUBMISSION

SUBMIT SCORE

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. yOU CAN CHOOSE THE SAME CHARACTER YOU USED IN PREVIOUS LEVELS.

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES AND TREATING INFECTED TREES.

PLAYERS ARE TO FACE THE PATHOGEN AND GAME EVENTS IN THIS LEVEL. AFTER OPENING A GAME EVENT, MAKE SURE TO CLICK THE REVEAL BUTTON TO ACTIVATE THE EVENT. GAME EVENTS MAKE THE GAME MORE EXCITING SO WATCH OUT HOW PATHOGENS SPREAD IN THIS LEVEL.

Reveal

USE THE SAME SEQUENCE OF PLAYERS WHEN TAKING TURNS.

Resource Item

ACTIVATE LEVEL 4

P. cinnamomi

Rewards

ADVANCE TO LEVEL 5

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

SILENT SPREAD

SCORE SUBMISSION

SUBMIT SCORE

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

SILENT SPREAD

SCORE SUBMISSION

SUBMIT SCORE

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

ACTIVATE LEVEL 5

CREATE YOUR OWN FARM ENVIRONMENT.Click one farm typology.

CLICK HERE TO ADVANCE.

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. yOU CAN CHOOSE THE SAME CHARACTER YOU USED IN PREVIOUS LEVELS.

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE CHOOSING THE INFESTATION MECHANISM

ACTIVATE TWO OUT OF FIVE AVAILABLE INFESTATION MECHANISMS BY CLICKING THE PATHOGENS.

PLAYERS NEED TO ANSWER THE QUIZZES DISTRIBUTED ACROSS THE FARM. BY DOING SO, THEY CAN EARN THE NECESSARY RESOURCE ITEMS TO CONTAIN AND MANAGE THE INFESTATION.

Resource Item

Rewards

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. yOU CAN CHOOSE THE SAME CHARACTER YOU USED IN PREVIOUS LEVELS.

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES

USE THE SAME SEQUENCE. REMEMBER TO APPLY THE REWARDS YOU EARNED FROM THE EARLIER LEVEL.

PLAYERS ARE TO FACE THE PATHOGEN AND GAME EVENTS IN THIS LEVEL. AFTER OPENING A GAME EVENT, MAKE SURE TO CLICK THE REVEAL BUTTON TO ACTIVATE THE EVENT. GAME EVENTS MAKE THE GAME MORE EXCITING SO WATCH OUT HOW PATHOGENS SPREAD IN THIS LEVEL.

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

CHOOSE THE INFESTATION MECHANISM. ACTIVATE THREE OUT OF THE FIVE SPREAD MECHANISM.

ADVANCE TO LEVEL 5

Reveal

P. cinnamomi

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES AND TREATING INFECTED TREES.

Reveal

Resource Item

Rewards

DID YOU KNOW

Soil-Related Mechanisms The density of Phytophthora propagules tends to decline: a. as the distance from host trees increases b. the soil depth increases c. and when moving uphill. Population densities of Phytophthora species in soil are dynamic and can be influenced by soil physical and chemical factors in addition to the presence of actively growing, susceptible roots. Soil physical and chemical characteristics are spatially heterogeneous within field soils

Reward

You won THREE management items. Feel free to choose any of the four available management solutions.

Return two stars from your leaderboard.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

It is well established that Phytophthora spreads not only through localized means like root-to-root contact and movement of propagules in soil water but also over greater distances via the movement of contaminated soil. This can occur through the footsteps of livestock, wildlife, and people, or through vehicles that transport infested soil

Event

This event is rather tricky. From now on, each move of the player will be contaminated. Use the P.cinnamomi icons below to add the pathogen on each tile. Dont worry! Once the player reaches the boot cleaning stations, they are no longer affected by this event.

DID YOU KNOW

In the 1990s, the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, a primary root pathogen was isolated on a wide range of trees and woody plants worldwide. The pathogen was found in the roots of declining oaks such as the Quercus ilex L. (Holm Oak) and Quercus suber L. (Cork Oak) in Iberia.

Answer the quizzes in the game to earn rewards!!! To learn more about the pathogen, please check the article listed below.

Quick Tips

Source: Cardillo, E., Abad, E., & Meyer, S. (2021). Iberian oak decline caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi: A spatiotemporal analysis incorporating the effect of host heterogeneities at landscape scale. Forest Pathology, 51(2), e12667. Image Source: Mauget. (n.d.). Phytophthora cinnamomi. Mauget Glossary. https://mauget.com/glossary/phytophthora-cinnamomi/:contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

Reward

You earned THREE resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Inoculum Disperal through Aerial Splash to Other Plant Tissue Rapid disease outbreaks can result when rainfall or overhead irrigation causes inoculum to be splashed from the soil onto the above-ground parts of plants such as stems and leaves. For many Phytophthora species, splash dispersal triggered by rain is a key method of spreading to aerial plant tissues. However, this pathway has not yet been specifically studied in the case of Phytophthora cinnamomi.

DID YOU KNOW

Soil-Related Mechanisms The density of Phytophthora propagules tends to decline: a. as the distance from host trees increases b. the soil depth increases c. and when moving uphill. Chemical elements within the soil, such as salinity, play a significant role in influencing the severity and distribution of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens like Phytophthora. Elevated salt concentrations in particular can stress plant roots, making them more vulnerable to root rot caused by this pathogen.

DID YOU KNOW

While host diversity, connectivity, and susceptibility are widely recognized as key drivers in the spread of invasive forest pathogens, the presence and activity of pathogen vectors are also crucial. These factors are, in turn, heavily shaped by environmental conditions and topographical features. High host diversity also reduces the disease spread risk. In a study conducted by Cardillo. Abad, and Meyer (2021), human traffic and movement contribute more in large scale infestation as compared to vehicle movement.

Reward

You won a GOLD Star. Drag one gold star to your character holder and make sure to remember the total score you earned in this level.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Dehesa ecosystems serve as essential reservoirs of biological resources, playing a key role in rural development and economic sustainability by providing high-value food products; acorn-fed Iberian ham being one of the most prominent examples. Notably, the spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi threatens these economic benefits by reducing tree cover and vitality, which in turn limits acorn availability for livestock grazing and diminishes cork production due to declining tree health and increased mortality. Moreover, the reduction in holm oak populations endangers key economic activities linked to the dehesa, particularly extensive livestock farming, which is known for producing premium goods, especially from cattle and Iberian pigs.

Source: Sánchez-Cuesta, R., Ruiz-Gómez, F. J., Duque-Lazo, J., González-Moreno, P., & Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M. (2021). The environmental drivers influencing spatio-temporal dynamics of oak defoliation and mortality in dehesas of Southern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 485, 118946. Image Source: Onoszko, K. Gonzalez-Moreno, P. Relationship of herbaceous diversity patterns with oak decline in dehesa agro-silvo-pastoral system.

YOU EARNED A GOLD STAR FOR FACING THIS PATHOGEN

DID YOU KNOW

Reward

You won ONE resource item to treat an infected tree.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won TWO resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Mechanism III: Inoculum Disperal through Aerial Splash to Other Plant Tissue Rapid disease outbreaks can result when rainfall or overhead irrigation causes inoculum to be splashed from the soil onto the above-ground parts of plants such as stems and leaves. For many Phytophthora species, splash dispersal triggered by rain is a key method of spreading to aerial plant tissues. However, this pathway has not yet been specifically studied in the case of Phytophthora cinnamomi.

DID YOU KNOW

Dispersal Through Humans and Invertebrates Phytophthora species can also spread through human and invertebrate activities, such as the transport of contaminated soil on equipment, the movement of infected plant materials, or by insect and animal vectors. This mode of dispersal can lead to both local and long-distance spread, including international distribution.

Reward

You won FOUR resource items.

You lost ONE star. If the rule cannot be applied to this point, you lost your next turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Phytophthora cinnamomi was found to spread more rapidly in lower, downhill slope areas compared to upper slopes. In contrast, its primary method of uphill dispersal was identified as transmission through root-to-root contact.

DID YOU KNOW

Inoculum can be carried along rows by surface runoff from rain or furrow irrigation. This leads to higher disease incidence and noticeable spread over long distances in the same direction.

Event

Your farm is now experiencing a sudden pour of rain. Watch out for the surface water as it provides a suitable environment for the pathogen. The nearby trees from the surface water now becomes infected. Based on this game event, players must avoid these infected areas, otherwise, they become carriers of pathogen again and must go to the boot cleaning station to remove the contamination.

An example of a furrow irrigation.

YOU ALSO EARNED TWO SILVER STARS.

Source: Ristaino, J. B., & Gumpertz, M. L. (2000). New frontiers in the study of dispersal and spatial analysis of epidemics caused by species in the genus Phytophthora. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 38(1), 541-576. Image Source; Marques, J. A. (Photographer). (n.d.). Center pivot irrigation system in flat cornfield, Extremadura, Spain [Photograph]. iStock. https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/center-pivot-irrigation-system-in-flat-cornfield-extremadura-spain-gm1156738510-315379050

Reward

Choose one player to become a carrier of pathogen. Once that player moves to another tile, the player must place the P.cinnamomi icon on every tile he/she passes through.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

To maintain economic sustainability in the region affected by Phytophthora cinnamommi, farmers need to balance the production and input levels (e.g acorn) accordingly. For example, Iberian pigs need a minimum amount of acorns. If the density or production is lower, then the amount of pigs in the farm must be lower as well. For animals like sheep or cattle, increasing the synthetic feed can also compensate for reduced acorn availability.

YOU EARNED A GOLD STAR FOR FACING THIS PATHOGEN

Reward

Congratulations you won TWO resource items. Drag the resource to the tile where the infected tree is situated.

You loss one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

INSTRUCTIONS

P . cinnamomi icon

Event

You learned earlier that human movement contributes more in the spread of P.cinnamomi in large scale as compared to vehicular movement. By activating this event, all players are now carriers of the pathogen. Go to the nearest boot cleaning station to clean your tools and equipment.

Boot cleaning station icon

Game event example

Game event result after moving to a new tile as this game event becomes activated

original position

DID YOU KNOW

P . cinnamomi icon

Boot cleaning station icon

Game event example

Game event result after moving to a new tile as this game event becomes activated

YOU EARNED ONE GOLD STAR

Event

This event is rather tricky. From now on, each move of all the player will be contaminated. Use the P.cinnamomi icons below to add the pathogen on each tile. Dont worry! Once the player reaches the boot cleaning stations, they are no longer affected by this event.

original position

DID YOU KNOW

Inoculum Disperal through Water Using contaminated surface water for irrigation can significantly accelerate the spread of the disease. Infested surface water can also be a significant factor in the regional movement of species within this genus across long distances. Inoculum movement down rows with surface water is an impor tant mechanism of dispersal for many Phytophthora diseases. Movement of Phytophthora species in surface water sources in forest ecosystems were also previously examined.

Reward

You won FOUR resource items.

You lost ONE star. If the rule cannot be applied to this point, you lost your next turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

REWARD SYSTEM

In this level, the game emphasizes the importance of sustainability. Here is the new matrix to win different stars through combination of infestation management practices. The player who gets to complete the combination of the solution wins the respective stars.

Using one of the four management solutions = Bronze

Using fence + Calcium fertilizer. = Gold. The two treatments have to be on the SAME TILE.

Using Trichoderma spp. + Calcium fertilizer. = Gold. The two treatments have to be on the SAME TILE.

Using fence + Tricoderma spp. = Gold. The two treatments have to be on the SAME TILE.

Using root barrier + fence = SilverThe two treatments have to be on the SAME TILE.

Reward

You earned another turn. Roll the dice again to unlock more questions and items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned THREE bronze resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

GAME EVENT

A new infestation site has started attacking the trees. Do you remember how to treat the infected trees using calcium fertilizer? In this game event, the task of the player is to treat all the infected trees. You can use as many calcium fertilizer as you need. Good luck, players.

Reward

You won FIVE management resource items. Feel free to use any of the four available resources.

The next player gets to steal any of the star you earned in this level.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned TWO RESOURCE ITEMS.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned THREE silver resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Restricted access of recreational vehicles to areas infested with P. cinnamomi has been suggested to slow the spread of disease. However, this is not possible for many farm operations. Movements such as equipment with infected soil, plant materials containing the pathogen or by insect or animal can be vectors of the pathogen.

Event

Looks like the farm is busy transporting debris from chopping down some trees and shrubs. Unfortunately, these soils and plant materials are infected. Notice how the pathogen spreads through the transportation of these operation debris.

YOU EARNED TWO BRONZE STARS.

DID YOU KNOW

In a study conducted by Serrano and colleagues (2022), spring showed the largest presence of P.cinnamomi primarily because of the concentrated rains. However, this was followed by a strong decrease during the drier months of summer. In Mediterranean countries like Spain, summer is characterized as hot and dry, reducing the soil moisture, thereby, lessening the favorable conditions for the pathogen to thrive.

Event

Summer has just arrived, and P. cinnamomi is not liking the hot and dry conditions. Notice the strong decrease of the pathogen on your farm.

Source: Serrano, M. S., Romero, M. Á., Homet, P., & Gómez-Aparicio, L. (2022). Climate change impact on the population dynamics of exotic pathogens: The case of the worldwide pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 322, 109002.

Reward

You earned TWO RESOURCE ITEMS.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won TWO resource items and ONE silver star.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Soil-Related Mechanisms The density of Phytophthora propagules tends to decline: a. as the distance from host trees increases b. the soil depth increases c. and when moving uphill. Chemical elements within the soil, such as salinity, play a significant role in influencing the severity and distribution of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens like Phytophthora. Elevated salt concentrations in particular can stress plant roots, making them more vulnerable to root rot caused by this pathogen.

DID YOU KNOW

In the southwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula, over 30,000 hectares have been impacted by P. cinnamomi, with the affected area expanding at an annual rate exceeding 0.5% between 1957 and 2013. Within infected zones, tree mortality occurs at a rate nearly 15 times greater than in areas that remain unaffected. Mediterranean areas have experienced the greatest impact from Quercus tree mortality, with around 1.2 million hectares affected.

Source: Beatriz, I. R., Blanca, C. R., Angela, C. S., Luis, G. N. J., Antonio, R., Rosario, C., & Pedro, F. L. (2024). Different Approaches to establish soil health and to combat Phytophthora cinnamomi. Open Journal of Plant Science, 9(1), 006-015. Image Source: Mauget. (n.d.). Phytophthora cinnamomi. Mauget Glossary. https://mauget.com/glossary/phytophthora-cinnamomi/:contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

DID YOU KNOW

There are different dispersal mechanism for the pathogen to spread across landscape. In Spain, the main mechanism of P.cinnamomi spread in Mechanism I and II while Mechanism III is a major contributor in spread between and across farms and in distant areas. These mechanisms involve: Mechanism I: Within soil through root growth to inoculum, inoculum movement to roots, and root to root contact. Mechanism II: Inoculum dispersal in surface water Mechanism III: Dispersal by human or invertebrate activity

YOU WON TWO GOLD STARS.

DID YOU KNOW

Event

Summer has just arrived, and P. cinnamomi is not liking the hot and dry conditions. Notice the strong decrease of the pathogen on your farm.

Reward

Congratulations. You won ONE resource item to treat an infected tree.

Your lost one turn. That is alright.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned THREE bronze stars.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Inoculum can be carried along rows by surface runoff from rain or furrow irrigation. This leads to higher disease incidence and noticeable spread over long distances in the same direction.

Event

An example of a furrow irrigation.

YOU ALSO EARNED TWO SILVER STARS.

DID YOU KNOW

You earned a GOLD star.

Reward

You earned THREE silver resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Trees affected by the pathogen typically exhibit two distinct decline patterns. The first involves rapid mortality, where the crown dries quickly and the tree dies within one or two growing seasons. This often occurs in early summer following winter rainfall or in early autumn after prolonged drought.In such cases, discolored leaves, be it yellow or brown, may stay attached for a while. The second pattern is a slower, progressive decline marked by gradual foliage loss. Initial signs include the drying of the upper canopy, the emergence of epicormic shoots, and increased leaf shedding, which can impact either the entire crown or specific branches.

Source: de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves, C., da Clara, M. I. E., & de Almeida Ribeiro, N. M. C. (2013). Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review. European Journal of Forest Research, 132(3), 411-432. Image Source: Explore La Tierra. (2020, November 30). Cork oak forest in Spain: Uses and extraction of cork. https://explorelatierra.com/en/2020/11/30/cork-oak-forest-in-spain-uses-and-extraction-of-cork/

DID YOU KNOW

Event

GAME EVENT

The pathogen is now infecting the entire stretch of river. Do you remember how the Fitzgerald National Park stopped the infestation using root barriers? By playing this game event, the player has to stop the pathogen from crossing on the other side of the river. To resolve this threat, choose between the two available resources and drag your chosen resource items to the correct tiles to stop the infestation. You can use as many resource items as you want.

You can earn TWO gold stars if you successfully strategized to stop the infestation.

You lost TWO turns if you fail to stop the infestation.

REWARD SYSTEM

In this level, the game emphasizes the importance of sustainability. Here is the new matrix to win different stars through combination of infestation management practices.

Reward

You earned TWO management resources. Feel free to choose from the four available resource items.

You lost one turn and choose one player to remove one GOLD star from their possession

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

OH NOOOOOOO!!!

BEFORE TREATMENT

HOW TO TREAT INFECTED TREES:

Since the last player just unlocked the first management practice, players need to start treating infected trees to advance to the next level. To do that:1. The next players should answer the quizzes to earn the resource items. Once you earned them, the icon found below the page can be used to treat ONE infected tree. The player does not need to land on the tiles where the infected trees are. They can immediately use the resource to any tile they wish to treat. 2. Drag the resource to the tile, this signifies that the tree has been treated. You can also click the pathogen after dragging the resource and it will disappear.

AFTER TREATMENT

Drag the resource item to the tile where the infected tree(s) are located, signifying that the management practice has been treated.

DID YOU KNOW

P . cinnamomi icon

Boot cleaning station icon

Game event example

Game event result after moving to a new tile as this game event becomes activated

YOU EARNED ONE GOLD STAR

Event

original position

DID YOU KNOW

Event

Reward

You earned FOUR management resources. Feel free to choose any of the four.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

HOW TO USE:

Fences generally act as effective obstacles for livestock and human movement, with an average spacing of about 800 meters. Although these barriers are typically secure enough to prevent cattle from passing through, many wild animals are still able to cross them. Other short-range movements such as those involving community road use, veterinary visits, delivery of cattle feed, tourism-related human activity, or forest ranger patrols, can occur between neighboring properties, though they tend to happen less frequently, increasing the infestation risks.

BEFORE

AFTER

You can use this fence to healthy trees or trees that have not been infected yet. Trees guarded with fence are NOW immune from being infected. DRAG the icon to the tile with a healthy tree you wish to further protect.

This tree is now immune from the on-going infestation

Reward

You earned THREE resource items.

You lost one star. Bring back one star to the Rewards section.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Reward

You earned THREE resource items. Feel free to choose any of the four management practices.

You lost ONE star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won TWO resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Reward

You earned THREE silver stars.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Event

YOU EARNED FOUR BRONZE STARS.

Reward

You won FOUR resource items.

You lost ONE star. If the rule cannot be applied to this point, you lost your next turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

CONGRATULATIONS!

In a study conducted by Serrano et al. (2012), the application of calcium fertilizers in artificially infested soil showed a significant decreases on chlamydospore viability. Chlymydospores are thick-walled spores that are produced inside infected root tissues or freely in the surrounding soil. Similarly, artificially infested soil in greenhouse experiments showed reduction of foliar and root system severities in Holm oak seedlings.

HOW TO USE:

You can use calcium fertilizers to help control the spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi by strengthening trees and making the soil less favorable for the pathogen. To apply this control measure: DRAG this resource icon to an at-risk tree tile. Dragging this icon to the tile signifies that the tree has received preventive care. Answer more quizzes to earn more resources like this and protect additional trees

Source: Serrano, M. S., De Vita, P., Fernández-Rebollo, P., & Sánchez Hernández, M. E. (2012). Calcium fertilizers induce soil suppressiveness to Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot of Quercus ilex. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 132, 271-279.

DID YOU KNOW

Root barriers are likely to be an effective measure for long-term protection. "The barrier reduces the probability of root intrusion from disease-free vegetation into untreated soil" (Dunstant et al., 2010, p. 921) In 2007, the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation contained a 35-year long infestation the pathogen at Fitzgerald River National Park. They installed 3 km of HDPE barriers with sub-surface tubing to apply fumigant, preventing the pathogen from crossing the watershed. You can replicate that strategy in your farm.

BEFORE TREATMENT

HOW TO USE:

AFTER TREATMENT:

You can use this resource to protect healthy trees, particularly those that are near the infection sites. You can use the barrier to ONE tile to protect the tree on it from the on-going disease dispersal in your farm. Trees with root barriers are now immune from the pathogen. DRAG the root barrier icon to the chosen trees you wish to save.

This tree is now immune from infestation.

Source: Dunstan, W. A., Rudman, T., Shearer, B. L., Moore, N. A., Paap, T., Calver, M. C., ... & Hardy, G. E. S. J. (2010). Containment and spot eradication of a highly destructive, invasive plant pathogen (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in natural ecosystems. Biological Invasions, 12, 913-925.

Reward

You won ONE management resource item.

You loss two turns.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won FOUR resource items. You can choose any of the four available management solutions.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned another turn.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned FIVE bronze stars.

You lost ONE star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

According to a study conducted by Ruiz-Gomez and Miguel-Rojas (2021), the presence of Tricho derma spp. might diminish or even avoid the development of P. cinnamomi, improving the health status of the trees as compared to other trees growing in the same location. Trichoderma species exert their biological effects using both direct and indirect strategies, such as competing for resources, altering environmental conditions, enhancing plant defense responses, producing antibiotic compounds, and parasitizing other fungi.

BEFORE

HOW TO USE:

AFTER

You can use this Trichoderma treatment to heal ONE infected tree. Answer as many quizzes as possible to earn other resource items and rewards and save the farm from the on-going infestation.

Source: Ruiz-Gómez, F. J., & Miguel-Rojas, C. (2021). Antagonistic potential of native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the control of holm oak decline in Dehesas ecosystems. Forests, 12(7), 945.

DID YOU KNOW

P . cinnamomi icon

Boot cleaning station icon

Game event example

Game event result after moving to a new tile as this game event becomes activated

YOU EARNED ONE GOLD STAR

Event

original position

DID YOU KNOW

Phytophthora species are largely unaffected by most fungicides, with metalaxyl being a notable exception. Rather than eradicating the pathogen, fungicide treatments may trigger natural resistance responses within the plant. In Spain,the application of calcerous treatments can improve the condition of trees. Calcerous treatments increase the pH soil level, limiting the growth of the pathogen and releasing nutrients. Nevertheless, calcerous treatment is not a permanent solution and soils in Dehesa are acidic so continuous treatments are not possible.

YOU EARNED A SILVER STAR.

Source: de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves, C., da Clara, M. I. E., & de Almeida Ribeiro, N. M. C. (2013). Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review. European Journal of Forest Research, 132(3), 411-432. Serrano, M. S., De Vita, P., Fernández-Rebollo, P., & Sánchez Hernández, M. E. (2012). Calcium fertilizers induce soil suppressiveness to Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot of Quercus ilex. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 132, 271-279.

REWARD SYSTEM

This shows the matrix of earning different stars using resource items.

STEP 1:

Using ONE resource item to treat one infected tree or save it from further infestation enables you to earn ONE BRONZE STAR

STEP 2:

Using TWO resource items to treat TWO infected trees that are next to each other enables you to earn ONE SILVER STAR

Do not forget to drag your reward to the leaderboard.

DID YOU KNOW

Inoculum can be carried along rows by surface runoff from rain or furrow irrigation. This leads to higher disease incidence and noticeable spread over long distances in the same direction.

Event

An example of a furrow irrigation.

YOU ALSO EARNED TWO SILVER STARS.

Reward

You won TWO resource item.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won THREE management items. Feel free to choose from the four available management resources.

You lost one star. Bring back one star to the Rewards section.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned THREE resource items. Feel free to choose any of the four management practices.

You lost ONE star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won TWO management strategies. Feel free to choose from the available resource items.

You lost ONE star. If the rule cannot be applied to this point, you lost your next turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

BEFORE

HOW TO USE:

AFTER

You can use this Trichoderma treatment to heal ONE infected tree. Answer as many quizzes as possible to earn other resource items and rewards and save the farm from the on-going infestation.

Reward

You earned THREE bronze resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

QUICK TIP!

BEFORE TREATMENT

HOW TO TREAT INFECTED TREES:

Since the players have now unlocked TWO management practice, you can now combine them to save the trees from your farm, either to stop the on-going infestation or protect healthy and uninfected trees. See example solutions below.

SOLUTION 1:

SOLUTION 2:

The root barrier made the nearby tree IMMUNE from the on-going infestation.

The calcium fertlizer limits the growth of pathogen due to soil pH level increase

DID YOU KNOW

Reward

Steal ALL the gold stars from another player.

Return one GOLD star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

REWARD SYSTEM

Players can now earn stars to compete against one another. The rewards are:

How to win rewards

You can win rewards by answering the quizzes, facing a pathogen, opening mystery items, and using one or a combination of management practices

3 points 2 points 1 point

After winning a reward, drag your REWARD to the CHARACTER holders where your avatar is originally positioned. In this way, all players would know who is winning. The score restarts after finishing the level. Players will be redirected to a score tallying form to update their respective scores after each level. The player who garners the most number of points after finishing the five levels wins the game.

After Winning a Reward:

Drag your winnings to your chosen leaderboard.

DID YOU KNOW

Reward

You earned TWO gold stars.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

INSTRUCTIONS

P . cinnamomi icon

Event

Boot cleaning station icon

Game event example

Game event result after moving to a new tile as this game event becomes activated

original position

Reward

You earned FOUR resource items. Feel free to choose any of the four management practices.

You lost ONE star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

Congratulations. You won ONE resource item.

You lost two turns.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

YOU WON A GOLD STAR.

Reward

You won TWO gold stars.

You lost ONE star. If the rule cannot be applied to this point, you lost your next turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

HOW TO USE:

BEFORE

AFTER

This tree is now immune from the on-going infestation

Reward

You won THREE resource items.

The next player gets to steal any of the star you earned in this level.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You won TWO resource items.

You lost one turn.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

Reward

You earned FIVE bronze resource items.

You lost ONE star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

Reward

You earned FIVE bronze resource items.

You lost ONE star.

Click on or to reveal your rewards.

QuickTip

DID YOU KNOW

The distribution of infected plants or pathogen propagules in soil results from the combined effects of physical, chemical, and biological elements that affect how pathogens spread and cause infections. In the case of Phytophthora species that mainly target roots, the original spatial arrangement of inoculum in a given area can significantly shape the later distribution of diseased plants. Inoculum refers to any substance containing microorganism such as fungi, bacteria, or viruses that initiates infection or supports growth in a host or culture.

YOU EARNED A GOLD STAR.

DID YOU KNOW

In the southern Iberian Peninsula, various abiotic and biotic stressors are contributing to the decline of dehesas, leading to significant defoliation and widespread tree mortality. Dehesas are traditional agro-sylvo-pastoral systems are deliberately managed to sustain an understory of grasses or crops, forming part of a multifunctional agroforestry landscape. Although dehesas are generally resilient to drought and elevated temperatures, fluctuations in seasonal conditions and extreme weather events, pest and disease pressures can result in severe dieback episodes.

dISTRIBUTION OF DEHESAS IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

Source: Sánchez-Cuesta, R., Ruiz-Gómez, F. J., Duque-Lazo, J., González-Moreno, P., & Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M. (2021). The environmental drivers influencing spatio-temporal dynamics of oak defoliation and mortality in dehesas of Southern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 485, 118946. Image Source: Carreira, E., Serrano, J., Lopes de Castro, J., Shahidian, S., & Pereira, A. F. (2023). Montado mediterranean ecosystem (Soil–Pasture–Tree and animals): a review of monitoring technologies and grazing systems. Applied Sciences, 13(10), 6242.

DID YOU KNOW

Event

Summer has just arrived, and P. cinnamomi is not liking the hot and dry conditions. Notice the strong decrease of the pathogen on your farm.

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Snakes and Ladders

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Scratch and Win

View

The Fortune Ball

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Movie Classics in Emojis

View

Movie Minigames

View

Guess the Movies with Emojis

View

Hand Drawn Game Board

SILENT SPREAD

Start designing with a free template

View

Snakes and Ladders

View

Scratch and Win

View

The Fortune Ball

View

Movie Classics in Emojis

View

Movie Minigames

View

Guess the Movies with Emojis

View

Hand Drawn Game Board

Transcript

SILENT SPREAD

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

inspireD digital serious game

Sponsored By:

SILENT SPREAD

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

inspireD digital serious game

SILENT SPREAD

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

inspireD digital serious game

A Phyophthora cinnamomi-

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

10:00

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. players can use their mouse/cursor to drag the players. CLICK THIS BOX TO REVEAL THE NEXT STEP.

Role the dice. The players who earns the highest number goes first and so on..

inspireD digital serious game

HAVE YOU ANSWERED ALL THE QUIZZES AND TREATED THE INFECTED TREES? IF YES, CLICK HERE.

Quest Log

ACTIVATE LEVEL 1

Calcium Fertilizer

Resource Item

Characters

SILENT SPREAD

12:00

SILENT SPREAD

Choose your avatar and position the character in the designated tile. yOU CAN CHOOSE THE SAME CHARACTER YOU USED IN PREVIOUS LEVELS.

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

USE THE SAME SEQUENCE OF PLAYERS IN TAKING TURNS.

Once the sequence of players is established, the player rolls the dice and must strategically land to the tiles where special items and pathogen are located. you can move in any direction. LEARN FROM THE TRIVIA AND ANSWER ALL THE QUIZZES TO ADVANCE TO THE NEXT LEVEL. GOOD LUCK.

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES

Quest Log

ACTIVATE LEVEL 2

Rewards

Leaderboard

Calcium Fertilizer Root Barrier

Resource Item

Rewards

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

SILENT SPREAD

SILENT SPREAD

SCORE SUBMISSION

Characters

15:00

SILENT SPREAD

SILENT SPREAD

A Phytophthora cinnamomi-

inspireD digital serious game

CLICK HERE ONCE YOU ARE DONE ANSWERING ALL THE QUIZZES AND TREATING INFECTED TREES.

USE THE SAME SEQUENCE OF PLAYERS WHEN TAKING TURNS.

PLAYERS ARE TO FACE THE PATHOGEN AND GAME EVENTS IN THIS LEVEL. AFTER OPENING A GAME EVENT, MAKE SURE TO CLICK THE REVEAL BUTTON TO ACTIVATE THE EVENT. GAME EVENTS MAKE THE GAME MORE EXCITING SO WATCH OUT HOW PATHOGENS SPREAD IN THIS LEVEL.